Abstract
The carbohydrates constitute a relatively low proportion of seeds of rape and canola. They occur in different forms and at varying levels in the seeds. According to Siddiqui and Wood (1977), the relative composition of polysaccharide fraction of rapeseed includes 3.5% arabinogalactan, 6.9% arabinan, 15.5% amyloid, 24.1% cellulose, and 50.0% pectins. However, Blair and Reichert (1984) reported that small quantities of starch were also present in rapeseed cotyledons. Cellulose was the major constituent of the hulls and was accompanied by hemicellulose and lignin; proportionally large amounts of pentosans were also present (Bell 1984).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aman, P., and Gilberg, L. 1977. Preparation of rapeseed protein isolates: a study of the distribution of carbohydrates in the preparation of rapeseed isolates. J. Food Sci. 42:1,114–1,116.
Appelqvist, L.-A., and Ohlson, R. 1972. Rapeseed cultivation, composition, processing, and utilization. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. 123–173.
Aspinall, G. O., and Cottrell, I. W. 1971. Polysaccharides of soybean. VI. Neutral polysaccharides from cotyledon meal. Can. J. Chem. 49:1,019–1,022.
Aspinall, G. O.; Cottrell, I. W.; Egan, S. V.; Morrison, I. M.; and Whyte, J. N. C. 1967. Polysaccharides of soybean. IV. Partial hydrolysis of acid polysaccharide complex from cotyledon meal. J. Chem. Soc. 1,071–1,080.
Banks, W.; Greenwood, C. T.; and Muir, D. D. 1970. The characterization of starch and its components (part 2); the semi-micro estimation of the starch content of cereal grains and related materials. Starke 4: 105–148.
Barett, A. J., and Northcote, D. H. 1965. Apple fruit pectin substances. Biochem. J. 94: 617–627.
Baudet, J. J.; Greilsamer, B.; and Vermeersch, G. 1983. Valorisation du tourteau de colza par depelliculage des graines (Quality enhancement of rapeseed meal by a dehulling process), in Proceedings, 6th International Rapeseed Conference, Paris, vol. 2. 1,381.
Becker, R.; Olson, A. C.; Frederick, D. P.; Kon, S.; Gumbmann, M. R.; Wagner, J. R. 1974. Conditions for the autolysis of A-galactosides and phytic acid in California small white beans. J. Food Sci. 39: 766–769.
Bell, J. M. 1984. Nutrients and toxicants of rapeseed meal: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 996–1,010.
Bell, J. M., and Shires, A. 1982. Composition and digestibility by pigs of hull fractions from rapeseed cultivars with yellow or brown seed coats. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 62: 557–565.
Blair, R., and Reichert, R. D. 1984. Carbohydrate and phenolic constituents in a comprehensive range of rapeseed and canola fractions: nutritional significance for animals. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35: 29–35.
Blair, R., and Scougall, R. K. 1975. Chemical composition, nutritive values of rapeseed meals. Feedstuffs. 47 (6): 26–27.
Calloway, D.H.; Hickey, C. A.; and Murphy, E. L. 1971. Reduction of intestinal gas-forming properties of legumes by traditional and experimental food processing methods. J. Food Sci. 36: 251–255.
Cristofaro, E.; Mottu, F.; and Wuhrmann, J. J. 1974. Involvement of the raffinose family oligosaccharides in flatulence, in Sugars inNutrition, eds. H. L. Sipple and K. W. McNutt. New York: Academic Press. 303–312.
Diosady, L. L.; Rubin, L. J.; Tar, C. G.; and Etkin, B. 1986. Air classification of rapeseed meal using the Tervel Separator. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 64: 768–774.
Finlayson, A. J. 1974. Notes: the amino acid composition of rapeseed hulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 54: 495–496.
Finlayson, A. J. March 1977. The chemistry of the constituents of rapeseed meal, in Rapeseed Oil, Meal and By-product Utilization, ed., J. M. Bell. Proc. Rapeseed Symposium, Vancouver, Canada. Winnipeg: Rapeseed Association of Canada. 124–136.
Fleming, S. E. 1981. A study of relationships between flatus potential and carbohydrate distribution in legume seeds. J. Food Sci. 46: 794–798.
French, D. 1954. The raffinose family of oligosaccharides. Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. 9: 149–184.
Hirst, E. L.; Rees, D. A.; and Richardson, N. G. 1965. Seed polysaccharides and their role in germination; a survey of the polysaccharide components of mustard seeds with special reference to the embryos. Biochem. J. 95: 453–458.
Hough, L., and Powell, D. B. 1960. Methylation and periodate oxidation studies of the alkali-stable polysaccharide of sugar-beet pectin. J. Chem. Soc. 16–22.
Hrdlicka, J.; Kozlowska, H.; Pokorny, J.; and Rutkowski, A. 1965. Rape groats. VII. Carbohydrates of extracted groats. Nahrung. 9 (1): 71–76.
Hsu, D.-S., and Reeves, R. E. 1967. The structure of nasturtium “amyloid.” Carbohydr. Res. 5: 202–209.
Jones, J. D. 1979. Rapeseed protein concentrate preparation and evaluation. J. Am.Oil Chem. Soc. 56: 716–721.
Jones, J. D., and Holme, J. 1982. Oilseed Processing. Canadian Patent 1, 117, 134.
Jones, J. D., and Sibbald, I. R. 1979. The true metabolizable energy values for poultry of fractions of rapeseed (Brassica nap us cv. Tower). Poultry Sci. 58: 385–391.
Kim, W. J.; Smit, C. J. B.; Nakayama, T. O. M. 1973. The removal of oligosaccharides from soybeans. Lebensm.-Wiss. u. Technol. 6: 201–204.
Leslie, A. J.; Summers, J. D.; and Jones, J. D. 1973. Nutritive value of air-classified rapeseed fractions. Can. J. Animal Sci. 53: 153–156.
Lodhi, G. N.; Renner, R.; and Clandinin, D. R. 1969. Available carbohydrate in rapeseed meal and soybean meal as determined by a chemical method and a chick bioassay. J. Nutr. 99: 413–418.
Loewas, F. A. 1964. Inositol metabolism in plants. II. Absolute configuration of D-xylose5-t1 derived metaholically from myo-inositol-2-t1 in the ripening strawberry. Archs. Biochem. Biophys. 105: 590–598.
Myhara, R. M.; Naczk, M.; and Shahidi, F. 1989. Effect of methanol-ammonia processing on the soluble sugars of soybean. 32nd annual conference of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology, Quebec. June 4–7, 1989.
Rackis, J. J.; Honig, D. H.; Sessa, D. J.; and Steggerda, F. R. 1970a. Flavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 18: 977–982.
Rackis, J. J.; Sessa, D. J.; Steggerda, F.R.; Shimzu, T.; Anderson, J.; and Pearl, S. L. 1970b. Soybean factors relating to the gas production by intestinal bacteria. J. Food Sci. 35: 634–639.
Rao, P. V., and Clandinin, D. R. 1972. Chemical determination of available carbohydrates in rapeseed meals. Poultry Sci. 51:1,474–1,475.
Sacks, L. E., and Olson, A. C. 1979. Growth of Clostridium perfringens on A-galactosides. J. Food Sci. 44:1,756–1,760.
Sarwar, G.; Bell, J. M.; Sharby, T. F.; and Jones, J. D. 1981. Nutritional evaluation of meals and meal fractions derived from rape and mustard seed. Can. J. Animal Sci. 61: 719–733.
Schneider, F. H. 1979. Method of shelling oil-and protein-containing seed grains. Canadian Patent 1,062,118.
Senser, M., and Kandler, O. 1967. Occurrence and distribution of galactinol in the leaves of higher plants. Phytochemistry. 6:1,533–1,540.
Shahidi, F.; Naczk, M.; and Myhara, R. M. 1990. Effect of processing on the soluble sugars of rapeseed and mustard. J. Food Sci. (In press.)
Sherba, S. E. 1970. Enzymic method of reducing the tendency of saccharide-containing foods to cause flatulence, in Chem. Abst. 74:P 2858n. Apr. 9, 1970. S. African Patent 6902, 503.
Siddiqui, I. R., and Wood, P. J. 1971. Structural investigation of water-soluble rapeseed (Brassica campestris) polysaccharides. Part I. Rapeseed amyloid. Carbohyd. Res. 17: 97–108.
Siddiqui, I. R., and Wood, P. J. 1972. Structural investigation of water-soluble rapeseed (B. campestris) polysaccharides. Part II. An acidic arabinogalactan. Carbohyd. Res. 24: 1–9.
Siddiqui, I. R., and Wood, P. J. 1974. Structural investigation of oxalate-soluble rapeseed (B. campestris) polysaccharides. Part III. An arabinan. Carbohyd. Res. 36: 35–44.
Siddiqui, I. R., and Wood, P. J. 1977a. Carbohydrates of rapeseed: a review. J. Sci. Food Agric. 28: 530–537.
Siddiqui, I. R., and Wood, P. J. 1977b. Structural investigation of sodium hydroxide-soluble rapeseed (B. campestris) polysaccharides. Part V. Fucoamyloid. Carbohyd. Res. 53: 85–94.
Siddiqui, I. R.; Wood, P. J.; and Khanzada, G. 1973. Low molecular weight carbohydrates from rapeseed (B. campestris) meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. 24:1,427–1,435.
Sosulski, F. W., and Zademowski, R. 1981. Fractionation of rapeseed meal into flour and hull component. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 58: 96–98.
Sugimoto, H., and Van Buren, J. P. 1970. Removal of oligosaccharides from soybean milk by an enzyme from Aspergillus saitoi. J. Food Sci. 35: 655–660.
Tape, N. W.; Sabry, Z. J.; and Eapen, K. I. 1970. Production of rapeseed flour for human consumption. Food Sci. Tech. 3: 78–81.
Theander, O., and Aman, P. 1974. Carbohydrates in rapeseed and turnip rapeseed meals, in Proceedings, 4th International Rapeseed Congress, Giesen, Germany. 429.
Theander, O., and Aman, P. 1976. Low-molecular carbohydrates in rapeseed and turnip rapeseed meals. Swed. J. Agric. Res. 6 (2): 81–85.
Theander, O.; Aman, P.; Miksche, G. E.; and Yasuda, S. 1977. Carbohydrates, polyphenols, and lignin in seed hulls of different colors from turnip rapeseed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 25: 270–273.
Urbas, B. 1968. Low-molecular-weight carbohydrates from potato (Solanum tubersum). Can. J. Chem. 46: 49–53.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Naczk, M., Shahidi, F. (1990). Carbohydrates of Canola and Rapeseed. In: Shahidi, F. (eds) Canola and Rapeseed. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3912-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3912-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6744-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3912-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive