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Chemistry, Biological Significance, and Genetic Control of Proanthocyanidins in Cotton (Gossypium SPP.)

  • Chapter
Plant Polyphenols

Part of the book series: Basic Life Sciences ((BLSC,volume 59))

Abstract

Most tissues of cotton (Gossypium spp.) plants contain condensed proanthocyanidins (tannins) that yield cyanidin and 0-75 percent del-phinidin when hydrolyzed. The tannins occur in association with related flavan-3-ols, especially (+)-catechin and (+)-gallocatechin, and are localized in vacuoles in cells of the cap, endodermis, and hypodermis of the root; in scattered palisade, spongy parenchyma, and epithelial cells of leaves; and in mesocarp of bolls. Tannin concentrations are related to tissue and cultivar resistance to pests. Tannins act as antibiotics, antisporulants, feeding deterrents, and enzyme denaturants. Cotton tannins have been implicated in byssinosis, a respiratory disease of humans, and they discolor cottonseed flour. Genetic manipulation of tannins is complicated by progressive changes with aging and fruiting and by strong environmental effects. Conditions for distinguishing cotton strains with different genetic potentials for tannin production have been developed. The stepwise increases in the multi-adversity resistance of Tamcot cultivars developed by Texas A & M University since 1970 are correlated to progressive increases of tannin concentrations in leaves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA, ARS, Southern Crops Research Laboratory, Route 5, Box 805, College Station, TX, 77845, USA

    Alois A. Bell

  2. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA

    Kamal M. El-Zik & Peggy M. Thaxton

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  1. Alois A. Bell
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  2. Kamal M. El-Zik
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  3. Peggy M. Thaxton
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  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pineville, Louisiana, USA

    Richard W. Hemingway

  2. Institute of Wood Research, Houghton, Michigan, USA

    Peter E. Laks

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Bell, A.A., El-Zik, K.M., Thaxton, P.M. (1992). Chemistry, Biological Significance, and Genetic Control of Proanthocyanidins in Cotton (Gossypium SPP.). In: Hemingway, R.W., Laks, P.E. (eds) Plant Polyphenols. Basic Life Sciences, vol 59. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3476-1_32

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