Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacterial Cell Division

  • Chapter
Emerging Targets in Antibacterial and Antifungal Chemotherapy

Abstract

The process of cell division is necessary for the growth of all cells. The mechanism by which eubacteria divide has so far shown little homology to the mechanisms employed by eukaryotic cells. Although this lack of similarity may be a result of our lack of knowledge about these processes it may also be that different mechanisms are involved. If so, it would make cell division a selective target for antimicrobial agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adler, H.I., W. Fisher, A. Cohen, and A. Hardigree. 1967. Miniature E. coli cells deficient in DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 57:321–326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Aldea, M., T. Garrido, J. Pla, and M. Vicente, 1990. Division genes in Escherichia coli are expressed coordinately to cell septum requirements by gearbox promoters. EMBO J. 8:3923–3931.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Asoh, S., H. Matsuzawa, F. Ishinmo, J.L. Strominger, M. Matsuhashi, and T. Ohta. 1986. Nucleotide sequence of the pbpA gene and characteristics of the deduced amino acid sequence of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Escherichia coli K12. Eur. J. Biochem. 160:231–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bartholome-De Beider, J., M. Nguyen-Disteche, N. Houba-Herin, J.M. Ghuysen, I.N. Maruyama, H. Hara, Y. Hirota, and M. Inouye. 1988. Overexpression, solubilization and refolding of a genetically engineered derivative of the penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Microbiol. 2:519–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Beall, B., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1987. Sequence analysis, transcriptional organization, and insertional mutagenesis of the envA gene of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 169:5408–5415.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Beall, B., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1989. Nucleotide sequence and insertional inactivation of a Bacillus subtilis gene that affects cell division, sporulation, and temperature sensitivity. J. Bacteriol. 171:6821–6834.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Beall, B., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1991. FtsZ in Bacillus subtilis is required for vegetative septation and asymmetric septation during sporulation. Genes and Develop. 5:447–455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Beall, B., M. Lowe, and J. Lutkenhaus. 1988. Cloning and characterization of Bacillus subtilis homologs of Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsZ and ftsA. J. Bacteriol. 170:4855–4864.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Beck, B.D., and J.T. Park. 1976. Activity of three murein hydrolases during the cell division cycle of Escherichia coli K-12 as measured in toluene-treated cells. J. Bacteriol. 126:1250–1260.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Begg, K.J., and W.D. Donachie. 1985. Cell shape and division in Escherichia coli: experiments with shape and division mutants. J. Bacteriol. 163:615–622.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Begg, K.J., A. Takasuga, D.H. Edwards, S.J. Dewar, B.G. Spratt, H. Aduchi, T. Ohta, H. Matsuzawa, and W.D. Donachie. 1990. The balance between different peptidoglycan precursors determines whether Escherichia coli cells will elongate or divide. J. Bacteriol. 172:6697–6703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Begg, K.J., G.F. Hatfull, and W.D. Donachie, 1980. Identification of new genes in a cell envelope-cell division gene cluster in Escherichia coli: cell division gene ftsQ. J. Bacteriol. 144:435–437.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Begg, K.J., B.G. Spratt, and W.D. Donachie, 1986. Interaction between membrane proteins PBP3 and RodA is required for normal cell shape and division in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 167:1004–1008.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bejar, S., and J.P. Bouche. 1985. A new dispensable genetic locus of the terminus region involved in control of cell division in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 201:146–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bejar, S., F. Bouche, and J.P. Bouche. 1988. Cell division inhibition gene dicB is regulated by a locus similar to lambdoid bacteriophage immunity loci. Mol. Gen. Genet. 212:11–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Berlander, R., and Kurt Nordstrom. Chromosome replication does not trigger cell division in E. coli. Cell 60:365–374.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bernstein, H.D., M.A. Poritz, K. Strub, P.J. Hoben, S. Brenner, and P. Walter. 1989. Model for signal sequence recognition from amino-acid sequence of 54K subunit of signal recognition particle. Nature 340:482–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bi, E., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1990. FtsZ regulates the frequency of cell division in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172:2765–2768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bi, E., and J. Lutkenhaus, 1990. Analysis of ftsZ mutations that confer resistance to the cell division inhibitor, sulA. J. Bacteriol. 172:5602–5609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bi, E., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1990. Interaction between the min locus and ftsZ. J. Bacteriol. 172:5610–5616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bi, E., K. Dai, S. Subbarao, B. Beall, and J. Lutkenhaus. 1991. FtsZ and cell division. Research in Microbiol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Botta, G.A., and J.T. Park. 1981. Evidence for the involvement of penicillin-binding protein 3 in murein synthesis during septation but not during cell elongation. J. Bacteriol. 145:333–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bouloc, P., A. Jaffe, and R. D’An. 1989. The Escherichia coli lov gene product connects peptidoglycan synthesis, ribosomes and growth rate. EMBO J. 8:317–323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bowler, L.D., and B.G. Spratt. 1989. Membrane topology of penicillin binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 3:1277–1286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bukau, B., and G.C. Walker. 1989. Cellular defects caused by deletion of the Escherichia coli dnaK gene indicate roles for heat shock protein in normal metabolism. J. Bacteriol. 171:2337–2346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bukau, B., and G.C. Walker. 1989. AdnaK52 mutants of Escherichia coli have defects in chromosome segregation and plasmid maintenance at normal growth temperatures. J. Bacteriol. 171:6030–6038.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Burdett, I.D.J., and R.G.E. Murray. 1974. Septum formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of septal structure and the effects of antibiotics on cell division. J. Bacteriol. 119:303–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Burdett, I.D.J., and R.G.E. Murray. 1974. Electron microscope study of septum formation in Escherichia coli strains B and B/r during synchronous growth. J. Bacteriol. 119:1039–1056.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Burton, P., and I.B. Holland. 1983. Two pathways of divison inhibition in UV-irradiated E. coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 190:128–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Canepari, P., G. Botta, and G. Salta. 1984. Inhibition of lateral wall elongation by mecillinam stimulates cell division in certain cell division conditional mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 157:130–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chakraborti, A.S., K. Ishidate, W.R. Cook, J. Zrike, and L.I. Rothfield. 1986. Accumulation of a murein-membrane attachment site fraction when cell division is blocked in lkyD and cha mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 168:1422–1429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Chon, Y., and R. Gayda. 1988. Studies with FtsA-LacZ protein fusions reveal FtsA-located inner-outer membrane junctions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152:1023–1030.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Cook, W.R., T.J. MacAlister, and L.I. Rothfield. 1986. Compartmentalization of the periplasmic space at division sites in gram-negative bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 168:1430–1438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Corton, J.C., J.E. Ward, Jr., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1987. Analysis of cell division gene ftsZ (sulB) from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 169:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D’An, R. 1985. The SOS system. Biochimie 67:343–347.

    Google Scholar 

  36. D’An, R., and O. Huisman. 1983. Novel mechanism of cell division inhibition associated with the SOS response in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 156:243–250.

    Google Scholar 

  37. D’An, R., A. Jaffe, P. Bouloc, and A. Robin. 1988. Cyclic AMP and cell division in Escherichia coli. 1988. J. Bacteriol. 170:65–70.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Davie, E., K. Syndor, and L.I. Rothfield. 1984. Genetic basis of minicell formation in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 158:1202–1203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. de Boer, P.A.J., R.E. Crossely, L.I. Rothfield. 1989. A division inhibitor and a topological specificity factor coded for by the minicell locus determine proper placement of the division septum in E. coli. Cell 56:641–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. de Boer, P.A.J., R.E. Crossley, and L.I. Rothfield. 1990. Central role for the Escherichia coli minC gene product in two different cell division-inhibition systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1129–1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. de Boer, P.A.J., W.R. Cook, and L.I. Rothfield. 1990. Bacterial cell division. Ann. Rev. Genet. 24:249–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. deJonge, B.L.M., F.B. Wientjes, I. Jurida, F. Driehuis, J.T.M. Wouters, and N. Nanninga. 1989. Peptidoglycan synthesis during the cell cycle of Escherichia coli: composition and mode of insertion. J. Bacteriol. 171:5783–5794.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. del Portillo, F.G., M.A. de Pedro, D. Joseleau-Petit, and R. D’An. 1989. Lytic response of Escherichia coli cells to inhibitors of penicillin-binding proteins la and lb as a timed event related to cell division. J. Bacteriol. 171:4217–4221.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Descoteaux, A., and G.R. Drapeau. 1987. Regulation of cell division in Escherichia coli K-12: probable interactions among proteins FtsQ, FtsA and FtsZ.J. Bacteriol. 169:1938–1942.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Dewar, S.J., V. kagen-Zur, K.J. Begg, and W.D. Donachie. 1989. Transcriptional regulation of cell division gene in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 3:1371–1377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Doi, M., M. Wachi, F. Ishino, S. Tomika, M. Ito, Y. Sakagami, A. Suzuki, and M. Matsuhashi. 1988. Determinations of the DNA sequence of the mreB gene and of the gene products of the mre region that function in formation of the rod shape of Escherichia coli cells. J. Bacteriol. 170:4619–4624.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Donachie, W.D., and A.C. Robinson. 1987. Cell division: parameter values and the process, p. 1578–1593. In F.C. Neidhardt, J.L. Ingraham, K.B. Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H.E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Donachie, W.D., and K.J. Begg, 1970. Growth of the bacterial cell. Nature (London) 227:1220–1224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Donachie, W.D., and K.J. Begg. 1989. Cell length, nucleoid separation, and cell division of rod-shaped and spherical cells of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171:4633–4639.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Donachie, W.D., and K.J. Begg. 1989. Chromosome partition in Excherichia coli requires postreplication protein synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 171:5405–5409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Donachie, W.D., K.J. Begg, and N.F. Sullivan. 1984. Morphogenes of Escherichia coli, p. 27–62. In R. Losick and L. Shapiro (ed.), Microbial development. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Donachie, W.D., K.J. Begg, J.F. Lutkenhaus, G.P.C. Salmond, E. Martinez-Salas, and M. Vicente. 1979. Role of the ftsA gene product in control of Escherichia coli cell division. J. Bacteriol. 140:388–394.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dorman, C.J., A.S. Lynch, N.N. Bhriain, and C.F. Higgins. 1989. DNA supercoiling in Escherichia coli: topA mutations can be suppressed by DNA amplifications involving the tolC locus. Mol. Microbiol. 3:531–540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ferreira, L.C.S., W. Keck, A. Betzner, and U. Schwarz. In vivo cell division gene product interaction in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 169:5776–5781.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fletcher, G., C.A. Irwin, J.M. Henson, C. Fillingim, M.M. Malone, and J.R. Walker. 1978. Identification of the Escherichia coli cell division gene sep and organization of the cell division-cell envelope genes in the sep-mur-ftsA-envA cluster as determined with specialized transducing lambda bacteriophages. J. Bacteriol. 133:91–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Foley, M., J.M. Brass, J. Birmingham, W.R. Cook, P.B. Garland, C.F. Higgins, and L.I. Rothfield. 1989. Compartmentalization of the periplasm at cell division sites in Escherichia coli as shown by fluorescence photobleaching experiments. Mol. Microbiol. 3:1329–1336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Frazer, A.C., and R. Curtiss III. 1975. Production, purification and utility of bacterial minicells. Cur. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 69:1–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Freundl, R., G. Braun, N. Honore, and S.T. Cole. 1987. Evolution of the enterobacterial sulA gene: a component of the SOS system encoding an inhibitor of cell division. Gene 52:31–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Gayda, R.C., L.T. Yamamoto, and A. Markovitz. 1976. Second-site mutations in capR (lon) strains of Escherichia coli K-12 that prevent radiation sensitivity and allow bacteriophage lambda to lysogenize. J. Bacteriol. 127:1208–1216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. George, J., M. Castellazzi, and G. Buttin. 1975. Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and Ion strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif. Mol. Gen. Genet. 140:309–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Gill, D.R., G.F. Hatfull, and G.P.C. Salmond. 1986. A new cell division operon in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 205:134–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Gill, D.R., and G.P.C. Salmond. 1990. The identification of the Escherichia coli ftsY gene product: an unusual protein. Mol. Microbiol. 4:575–583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Gottesman, S., E. Halpern, and P. Trisler. 1981. Role of sulA and sulB in filamentation by Ion mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 148:265–273.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Grundstrom, T.S., S. Normark, and K. Magnusson. 1980. Overproduction of outer membrane protein suppresses envA-mediated hyperpermeability. J. Bacteriol. 144:884–890.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Hara, H, Y. Nishimura, J. -I. Kato, H. Suzuki, H. Nagasawa, A. Suzuki, and Y. Hirota. 1989. Genetic analyses of processing involving C-terminal cleavage in penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli. 1989. J. Bacteriol. 171:5882–5889.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Harry, E.J., and R.G. Wake. 1989. Cloning and expression of a Bacillus subtilis division initiation gene for which a homolog has not been identified in another organism. J. Bacteriol. 171:6835–6839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hiraga, S., H. Niki, T. Ogura, C. Ichinose, H. Mori, B. Ezaki, and A. Jaffe. 1989. Chromosome partitioning in Escherichia coli: novel mutants producing anucleate cells. J. Bacteriol. 171:1496–1505.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Huisman, O., and R. D’Ari. 1981. An inducible DNA replication-cell division coupling mechanism in E. coli. Nature (London) 290:797–799.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Huisman, O., R. D’Ari, and S. Gottesman. 1984. Cell division control in Escherichia coli: specific induction of the SOS function SfiA protein is sufficient to block septation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:4490–4494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hussain, K., K.J. Begg, G.P.C. Salmond, and W.D. Donachie, 1987. ParD: a new gene code for a protein required for chromosome partitioning and septum localization. Mol. Microbiol. 1:73–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hussain, K., E.J. Elliott, and G.P.C. Salmond. 1987. The ParD- mutant of Escherichia coli also carries a gyrA,,,, mutation: the complete sequence of gyrA. Mol. Microbiol. 1:259–273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ikeda, M., T. Sato, M. Wachi, H.K. Jung, F. Ishino, Y. Kobasyashi, and M. Matsuhashi. 1989. Structural similarity among Escherichia coli FtsW, RodA proteins and Bacillus subtilis SpoVE protein, which function in cell division, cell elongation, and spore formation, respectively. J. Bacteriol. 171:6375–6378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ishino, F., and M. Matsuhashi. 1981. Peptidoglycan synthetic activities of highly purified penicillin-binding protein 3 in Escherichia coli: a septum-forming reaction sequence. Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 101:905–911.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ishino, F., H.K. Jung, M. Ikeda, M. Doi, M. Wachi, and M. Matsuhashi. 1989. New mutations fts-36, Its-33 and ftsW clustered in the mra region of the Escherichia coli chromosome induce thermosensitive cell growth and division. J. Bacteriol. 171:5523–5530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ishino, F., W. Park, S. Tomioka, S. Tamaki, I. Takase, K. Kunugita, H. Matsuzawa, S. Asoh, T. Ohta, B.G. Spratt, and M. Matsuhashi. 1986. Peptidoglycan synthetic activities in membranes of Escherichia coli caused by overproduction of penicillin-binding protein 2 and RodA protein. J. Biol. Chem. 261:7024–7031.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Jaffe, A., R. D’Ari, and V. Norris, 1986. SOS-independent coupling between DNA replication and cell division in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 165:66–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Jaffe, A., R. D’Ari, and S. Hiraga. 1988. Minicell-fonning mutants of Escherichia coli: production of minicells and anucleate rods. J. Bacteriol. 170:3094–3101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Johnson, B.F. 1977. Fine structure mapping and properties of mutations suppressing the Ion mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 and B strains. Genet. Res. 30:273–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Jones, C.A., and I.B. Holland. 1984. Inactivation of essential genes, ftsA, ftsZ, suppresses mutations at sfiB, a locus mediating division inhibition during the SOS response in E. coli. EMBO J. 3:1181–1186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Jones, C.A., and I.B. Holland. 1985. Role of the SfiB (FtsZ) protein in division inhibition during the SOS response in E. coli: FtsZ stabilizes the inhibitor SfiA in maxicells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6045–6049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Jones, N.C., and W.D. Donachie, 1973. Chromosome replication, transcription and cell division in Escherichia coli. Nature (London) 243:100–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Jung, H.K., F. Ishino, and M. Matsuhashi. Inhibition of growth of ftsQ, ftsA, and ftsZ mutant cells of Escherichia coli by amplification of a chromosomal region encompassing closely aligned cell division and cell growth genes. J. Bacteriol. 171:6379–6382.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kang, P.J., and E.A. Craig. 1990. Identification and characterization of a new Escherichia coli gene that is a dosage-dependent suppressor of a dnaK-deletion mutation. J. Bacteriol. 172:2055–2064.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kren, B. and J.A. Fuchs. 1987. Characterization of the ftsB gene as an allele of the nrdB gene in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 169:14–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Labie, C., F. Bouche, and J. -B. Bouche. 1989. Isolation and mapping of Escherichia coli mutations conferring resistance to division inhibition protein DicB.J. Bacteriol. 171:4315–4319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Leclerc, G., C. Sirard, and G.R. Drapeau. 1989. The Escherichia coli cell division mutation ftsMl is in serU. J. Bacteriol. 171:2090–2095.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Leidenix, M.J., G.H. Jacoby, T.A. Henderson, and K.D. Young. 1989. Separation of Escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins into different membrane vesicles by agarose electrophoresis and sizing chromatography. J. Bacteriol. 171:5680–5686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Little, J.W., and D.W. Mount. 1982. The SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. Cell 29, 11–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Love, P.E., and R.E. Yasbin. 1984. Genetic characterization of the inducible SOS-like system of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 160:910–920.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lutkenhaus, J.F. 1983. Coupling of DNA replication and cell division: sulB is an allele of ftsZ. J. Bacteriol. 154:1339–1346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Lutkehaus, J. 1990. Regulation of cell division in E. coli. Trends in Genetics 6:22–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Lutkenhaus, J.F., and W.D. Donachie. 1979. Identification of the ftsA gene product. J. Bacteriol. 154:1088–1094.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Lutkenhaus, J.F., B. Sandjanwala, and M. Lowe. 1986. Overproduction of FtsZ suppresses sensitivity of Ion mutants to division inhibition. J. Bacteriol. 166:756–762.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lutkenhaus, J.F., H. Wolf-Watz, and W.D. Donachie. 1980. Organization of genes in the fts-A-envA region of the Escherichia coli genetic map and identification of a new fts locus (ftsZ). J. Bacteriol. 142:615–620.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Lutkenhaus, J.F., and H.C. Wu. 1980. Determination of transcriptional units and gene products from the ftsA region of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 143:1281–1288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. MacAlister, T.J., Macdonald, B., and L.I. Rothfield. 1983. The periseptal annulus: an organelle associated with cell division in gram-negative bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1372–1376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. MacAlister, T.J., W.R. Cook, R. Weigand, and L.I. Rothfield. 1987. Membranemurein attachment at the leading edge of the division septum: a second membranemurein structure associated with morphogenesis of the gram-negative bacterial division septum. J. Bacteriol. 169:3945–3951.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Maguin, E., H. Brody, C.W. Hill, and R. D’Ari. 1986. SOS-associated division inhibition gene sfiC is part of excisable element e14 in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 168:464–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Maguin, E., J. Lutkenhaus, and R. D’Ari. 1986. Reversibility of SOS-associated division inhibition in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 166:733–738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. March, P.E., C.G. Lerner, J. Ahnn, X. Cui, and M. Inouye. 1988. The Escherichia coli Ras-like protein (Era) has GTPase activity and is essential for growth. Oncogene 2:539–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Markiewicz, Z., J.K. Broome-Smith, U. Schwarz, and B.G. Spratt. 1982. Spherical E. coli due to elevated levels of D-alanine carboxypeptidase. Nature (London) 297:702–704.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Masters, M., T. Paterson, A.G. Popplewell, T. Owen-Hughes, J.H. Pringle, and K.J. Begg. 1989. The effect of DnaA protein levels and the rate of initiation at oriC on transcription originating in the ftsQ and ftsA genes: in vivo experiments. Mol. Gen. Genet. 216:475–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mizusawa, S., and S. Gottesman. 1983. Protein degradation in Escherchia coli: the Ion gene controls the stability of Su1A protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:358–362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Mulder, E., and C.L. Woldringh. 1989. Actively replicating nucleoids influence positioning of division sites in Escherichia coli filaments forming cells lacking DNA.J. Bacteriol. 171:4303–4314.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Mulder, E., M. El’Bouhali, E. Pas, and C.L. Woldringh. 1990. The Escherichia coli minB mutation resembles gyrB in defective nucleoid segregation and decreased negative supercoiling of plasmids. Mol. Gen. Genet. 221:87–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Nagasawa, H., Y. Sakagami, A. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, H. Hara, and Y. Hirota. 1989. Determination of the cleavage site involved in C-terminal processing of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171:5890–5893.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Nakamura, M., I.N. Maruyama, M. Soma, J. Kato, H. Suzuki, and Y. Hirota. 1983. On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the gene for penicillin-binding protein 3. Mol. Gen. Genet. 191:1–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Niki, H., A. Jaffe, R. Imamura, T. Ogura, and S. Hiraga. 1991. The new gene mukB codes for a 177 kDa protein with coiled-coil domains involved in chromosome partitioning in E. coli. EMBO J. 10:183–193.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Nishimura, A. 1989. A new gene controlling the frequency of cell division per round of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 215:286–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Nishimura, A., and Y. Hirota. 1989. A cell division regulatory mechanism controls the flagellar regulon in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 216:340–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Normark, S., H.G. Boman, and E. Matsson. 1969. Mutant of Escherichia coli with anomalous cell division and ability to decrease episomally and chromosomally mediated resistance to ampicillin and several other antibiotics. J. Bacteriol. 97:1334–1342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Ogura, T., P. Bouloc, H. Niki, R. D’An, S. Hiraga, and A. Jaffe. 1989. Penicillin-binding protein 2 is essential in wild type Escherichia coli but not in lov or cya mutants. J. Bacteriol. 171:3025–3030.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Olijhoek, A.J.M., S. Klencke, E. Pas, N. Nanninga, and U. Schwarz. Volume growth, murein synthesis, and murein cross-linking during the division cycle of Escherichia coli PA3092. 1982. J. Bacteriol. 152:1248–1254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Oliver, D., and J. Beckwith. 1981. E. coli mutant pleiotropically defective in the export of secreted proteins. Cell 25:765–772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Orr, E., N.F. Fairweather, I.B. Holland, and R.H. Pritchard. 1979. Isolation and characterization of a strain carrying a conditional lethal mutation in the cou gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 177:103–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Pla, J., A. Dopazo, and M. Vicente. 1990. The native form of FtsA, a septal protein of Escherichia coli, is located in the cytoplasmic membrane. J. Bacteriol. 172:5097–5102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Reeve, J.N., N.H. Mendelson, S.I. Coyne, L.L. Hallock, and R.M. Cole. 1973. Minicells of B. subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 114:860–873.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Ricard, M., and Y. Hirota. 1973. Process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: physiological study on thermosensitive mutants defective in cell division. J. Bacteriol. 116:314–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Robin, A., D. Joseleau-Petit, and R. D’Ari. 1990. Transcription of the ftsZ gene and cell division in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172:1392–1399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Robinson, A.C., D.J. Kenan, G.F. Hatfull, N.F. Sullivan, R. Spiegelberg, and W.D. Donachie. 1984. DNA sequence and transcriptional organization of essential cell division genes ftsQ and ftsA of Escherichia coli: evidence for overlapping transcriptional organization of the ddl ftsQ region. J. Bacteriol. 160:546–555.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Romisch, K., J. Webb, J. Herz, S. Prehn, R. Frank, M. Vingron, and B. Dobberstein. 1989. Nature (London) 340:478–482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Sakakibara, Y. 1988. The dnaK gene of Escherichia coli functions in initiation of chromosome replication. J. Bacteriol. 170:972–979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Schmid, M.B., N. Kapur, D.R. Isaacson, P. Lindroos, and C. Sharpe. 1989. Genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive lethal mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Genet. 123:625–633.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Schwarz, U., A. Asmus, and H. Frank. 1969. Autolytic enzymes and cell division of Escherichia cola. J. Mol. Biol. 41:419–429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Spratt, B.G. 1975. Distinct penicillin binding proteins involved in the division, elongation and shape of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:2999–3003.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Stotts, D.R., O.M. Aparicio, J.M. Schoemaker, and A. Markovitz. 1989. Overproduction and identification of the ftsQ gene product, an essential cell division protein in Escherchia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 171:4290–4297.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Sullivan, N.F., and W.D. Donachie. 1984. Overlapping functional units in a cell division gene cluster in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 158:1198–1201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Taschner, P.E.M., J.G.J. Verest, and C.L. Woldringh. 1987. Genetic and morphological characterization of ftsB and nrdB mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 169:19–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Taschner, P.E.M., P. Huls, E. Pas, and C.L. Woldringh. 1988. Division behavior and shape changes in isogenicftsZ, ftsQ, ftsA, pbpB, andftsE cell division mutants of Escherichia cola during temperature shift experiments. J. Bacteriol. 170:1533–1540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Teather, R.M., J.F. Collins, and W.D. Donachie. 1974. Quantal behavior of a diffusible factor which initiates septum formation at potential division sites in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 118:407–413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Tormo, A., and M. Vicente. 1984. The ftsA gene product participates in formation of the Escherichia coli septum structure. J. Bacteriol. 157:779–784.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Tormo, A., J.A. Ayala, M.A. de Pedro, M. Aldea, and M. Vicente. 1986. Interaction of FtsA and PBP3 proteins in the Escherichia cola septum. J. Bacteriol. 166:985–992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Tsuchido, T., R.A. VanBogelen, and F.C. Neidhardt. 1986. Heat shock response in Escherichia cola influences cell division. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:6959–6963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Utsumi, R., M. Noda, M. Kawamukai, and T. Komano. 1989. Control mechanism of the Escherichia cola K-12 cell cycle is triggered by the cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein complex. J. Bacteriol. 171:2909–2912.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. van de Putte, P., J.E. van Dillewijn, and A. Rorsch. 1964. The selection of mutants of E. coli with impaired cell division at elevated temperature. Mutat. Res. 1:121–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Wachi, M., M. Doi, S. Tamaki, W. Park, S. Nakajima-lijima, and M. Matsuhashi. 1987. Mutant isolation and molecular cloning of the mre genes, which determine cell shape, sensitivity to mecillinam, and amount of penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 169:4935–4940.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Wachi, M., and M. Matsuhashi. 1989. Negative control of cell division by mreB, a gene that functions in determining the rod shape of Escherichia coli cells. J. Bacteriol. 171:3123–3127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Walker, J.R., A. Kovarik, J.S. Allan, and R.A. Gustafson. 1975. Regulation of bacterial cell division: temperature sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli that are defective in septum formation. J. Bacteriol. 123:693–703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Wang, H., and R.C. Gayda. 1990. High-level expression of the FtsA protein inhibits cell separation in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 172:4736–4740.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Ward, J.E., and J.F. Lutkenhaus. 1984. A lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion is an analog of the cell division inhibitor sulA. J. Bacteriol. 157:815–820.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Ward, J.E., and J.F. Lutkenhaus. 1985. Overproduction of FtsZ induces minicells in E. coli. Cell 42:941–949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Wientjes, F.B. and N. Nanninga. 1989. Rate and topography of peptidoglycan synthesis during cell division in Escherichia coli: concept of a leading edge. J. Bacteriol. 171:3412–3419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Wientjes, F.B., T.J.M. Olijhoek, U. Schwarz, and N. Nanninga. 1983. Labelling pattern of major penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli during the division cycle. J. Bacteriol. 153:1287–1293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Yi, Q. -M., and J. Lutkenhaus. 1985. The nucleotide sequence of the essential cell division gene ftsZ. Gene 36:241–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Yi, Q. -M., S. Rockenbach, J.E. Ward, and J. Lutkenhaus. 1985. Structure and expression of the cell division genes ftsQ, ftsA, and ftsZ. J. Mol. Biol. 184:399–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Joe Lutkenhaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemotherapy (58/2), Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ, 07110-1199, USA

    Nafsika H. Georgopapadakou

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lutkenhaus, J. (1992). Bacterial Cell Division. In: Sutcliffe, J.A., Georgopapadakou, N.H. (eds) Emerging Targets in Antibacterial and Antifungal Chemotherapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3274-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3274-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6440-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3274-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation