Abstract
During the early 1970s, neutron activation analysis in the determination of rare-earth elements perhaps had the most significant influence on the advancement of geochemical thinking, but there can be little doubt that a decade later this accolade was firmly transferred to mass spectrometry. The reason for this is that mass spectrometry is the only technique capable of inferring the geochemical history of samples right back to the age of accretion of the Earth. This arises not only from the possibility of interpreting mass spectrometry isochron data in terms of the age of a sample, but also from the very precise isotope measurements of, for example, inert gases contained in some meteoritic samples which can give data on the nucleo-synthetic processes pertaining to the origin of the universe.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Chapter 16
Alexander, E.C., R.S. Lewis, J.H. Reynolds and M.C. Michel (1971) Plutonium-244: confirmation as an extinct radioactivity. Science 172 837–840.
Arden, W. and N.H. Gale (1974) New electrochemical technique for the separation of lead at trace levels from natural silicates. Anal. Chem 46 2–9.
Benninghoven, A., C. Plog and N. Treitz (1974) Measurements of relative secondary ion yields from oxidized tungsten (100) under bombardment by ions with different masses and energies. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys 13 415–424.
Beynon, J.H. and A.G. Brenton (1982) An Introduction to Mass Spectrometry University of Wales Press, Cardiff.
Birck, J.L. and C.J. Allegre (1973) 87Rb-87Sr systematics of Muntsche Tundra mafic pluton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 20 266–274.
Campbell, J.A. (1969) Chemical Systems—Energetics, Dynamics, Structure W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Cross, W.G. (1951) Two-directional focussing of charged particles with a sector-shaped uniform magnetic field. Rev. Sci. Instrum 22717–722.
Dalrymple, G.B. and M.A. Lanphere (1969) Potassium-Argon Dating: Principles, Techniques and Applications to Geochronology W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Dalrymple, G.B. and M.A. Lanphere (1971) 40Ar/39Ar technique of K/Ar dating: a comparison with the conventional technique. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 12 300–308.
Daly, N.R. (1960) Scintillation type mass spectrometer ion detector. Rev. Sci. Instrum 31 264–267.
Dawson, P.H. (ed.) (1976) Quadruple Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications Elsevier, Amsterdam.
DePaolo, D.J. and G.J. Wasserburg (1976) Nd isotopic variations and petrogenetic models. Geophys. Res. Lett 3 249–252.
Ewing, G.W. (1975) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis (4th edn.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
Faure, G. (1977) Principles of Isotope Geology John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Gale, N.H., J.W. Arden and R. Hutchinson (1975) The chronology of the Nakhla achondritic meteorite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 26 195–206.
Godwin, H. (1962) Half life of radiocarbon. Nature (London) 195 984.
Hawkesworth, C.J. and P.W.C. van Calsteren (1983) Radiogenic isotopes—some geological applications. In: P. Henderson (ed.), Rare Earth Element Geochemistry (Developments in geochemistry, 2) Elsevier, Amsterdam, 375–421.
Kaiser, T., D. Piepgras and G.J. Wasserburg (1981) A search for evidence of a fissionable nuclide in iron meteorites and implications on heat sources in planetary cores. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 52239–250.
Kelly, W.R., F. Tera and G.J. Wasserburg (1978) Isotopic determination of silver in picomole quantities by surface ionisation mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem 50 1279–1286.
Korkisch, J. and G. Arrhenius (1964) Separation of uranium, thorium and the rare earth elements by anion exchange. Anal. Chem 36 850–854.
Krogh, T.E. (1973) A low contamination method for hydrothermal decomposition of zircon and extraction of U and Pb for isotopic age determinations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37 485–494.
Kuroda, P.K. (1960) Nuclear fission in the early history of the earth. Nature (London) 187 36–38.
Lichtman, D. (1964) Res. Dev 15 52.
Litzow, M.R. and T.R. Spalding (1973) Mass Spectrometry of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds Elsevier, Amsterdam
Luck, J.M. and C.J. Allegre (1982) The study of molybdenites through the 187Re-1870s chronometer. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 61 291–296.
Luck, J.M. and C.J. Allegre (1983))187Re187Os systematics in meteorites and cosmochemical consequences. Nature (London) 302 130–132.
Luck, J.M., J.L. Birck and C.J. Allegre (1980) 187Re-1870s systematics in meteorites: early chronology of the solar system and the age of the galaxy. Nature (London) 283 256–259.
Lugmair, G.W. and K. Marti (1978) Lunar initial 143Nd144Nd: differential evolution of lunar crust and mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 39 349–357.
Lugmair, G.W., N.B. Scheinin and K. Marti (1975) Search for extinct 146Sm. 1: the isotopic abundance of 142Nd in the Juvinas meteorite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 27 79–84.
Manhes, G., J.F. Minster and C.J. Allegre (1978) Comparative uranium-thorium-lead and rubidium-strontium study of the Saint Severin amphoterite: consequences for early solar system chronology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 39 14–24.
McCulloch, M.J., J.R. de Laeter and K.J.R. Rosman (1976) The isotopic composition and elemental abundance of lutetium in meteorites and terrestrial samples and the 16Lu cosmochronometer. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 28 308–322.
McDougall, I. (1974) The 40Ar/39Ar method of K-Ar age determination of rocks using HIFAIR reactor. Atom. Energy Australia 17 3–12.
McGlasham, M.L. (1971) Physico-Chemical Quantities and Units (2nd edn.). Royal Institute of Chemistry, London.
Moore, W.J. (1966) Physical Chemistry (4th edn.). Longman, London.
Moore, L.J., J.R. Moody, I.L. Barnes, J.W. Gramlich, T.J. Murphy, P.J. Paulsen and W.R. Shields (1973) Trace determination of rubidium and strontium in silicate glass standard reference materials. Anal. Chem 45 2384–2387.
O’Nions, R.K., S.R. Carter, N.M. Evensen and P.J. Hamilton (1979) Geochemical and cosmochemical applications of Nd isotope analysis. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci 7 11–38.
O’Nions, R.K., P.J. Hamilton and N.M. Evensen (1977) Variations in 143Nd/’44Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in oceanic basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 34 13–22.
Pankhurst, R.J. and R.K. O’Nions (1973) Determination of Rb, Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of some standard rocks and evaluation of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in Rb-Sr geochemistry. Chem. Geol 12 127–136.
Patchett, P.J. and M. Tatsumoto (1980a) Lu-Hf total-rock isochron for the eucrite meteorites. Nature (London) 288 571–574.
Patchett, P.J. and M. Tatsumoto (1980b) A routine high precision method for Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry and chronology. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol 75 263–267.
Paul, W., H.P. Reinhard and U. von Zahn (1958) The electric mass-filter as mass spectrometer and isotope separator. Z. Phys 152 143–182.
Pecsok, R.L., L.D. Shields, T. Cairns and I.G. McWilliam (1976) Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis (2nd edn.). John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Ralph, E.K. (1971) Carbon-14 dating. In: H.N. Michael and E.K. Ralph (eds.), Dating Techniques for the Archaeologist MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1–48.
Reynolds, J.H. (1960) Determination of the age of the elements. Phys. Rev. Lett 4 8–10.
Richard, P., N. Shimizu and C.J. Allegre (1976) 143Nd/’44Nd, a natural tracer: an application to oceanic basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 31 269–278.
Sanz, H.G. and G.J. Wasserburg (1969) Determination of an internal B7Rb-87Sr isochron for the Olivenza chondrite. Earth Planet. Sei. Lett 6 335–345.
Skoog, D.A. and D.M. West (1980) Principles of Instrumental Analysis (2nd edn.). Saunders College, Philadelphia/Holt-Saunders, Japan, Tokyo.
Stacey, J.S. and J.D. Kramers (1975) Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 26 207–221.
Steiger, R.H. and E. Jager (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: conventions on the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmochronology. Earth Planet. Sei. Lett 36 359–362.
Sun, S.-S. (1980) Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from mid-oceanic ridges, ocean islands and island arcs. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond A297 409–445.
Tanaka, T. and A. Masuda (1982) The La-Ce geochronometer: a new dating method. Nature (London) 300 515–518.
Tatsumoto, M., R.J. Knight and C.J. Allegre (1973) Time differences in the formation of meteorites as determined from the ratio of lead-207 to lead-206. Science 180 1279–1283.
Taylor, S.R. (1965) Geochemical analysis by spark source mass spectrography. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29 1243–1261.
Taylor, S.R. and M.P. Gorton (1977) Geochemical application of spark source mass spectrography III. Element sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41 1375–1380.
Tera, F. and G.J. Wasserburg (1972a) U-Th-Pb systematics in Lunar highland samples from the Luna 20 and Apollo 16 missions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 17 36–51.
Tera, F. and G.J. Wasserburg (1972b) U-Th-Pb analyses of soil from the Sea of Fertility. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 13 457–466.
Wasserburg, G.J., S.B. Jacobson, D.J. DePaolo, M.T. McCulloch and T. Wen (1981) Precise determination of Sm/Nd ratios, Sm and Nd isotopic abundances in standard solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45 2311–2323.
Weast, R.C. (editor-in-chief) (1973) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (54th edn.). Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
White, F.A. (1968) Mass Spectrometry in Science and Technology John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Potts, P.J. (1987). Mass spectrometry: principles and instrumentation. In: A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-216-93209-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3270-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive