Abstract
Numerous reports prior to the discovery of lactacin B in 1983 suggested that Lactobacillus acidophilus produces antimicrobial agents (presumably proteins) inhibitory to undesirable intestinal flora (Vincent et al., 1959; Vakil & Shahani, 1965; Gilliland & Speck, 1977; Shahani & Ayebo, 1980). Of those described, the agent most like a bacteriocin was the broad-spectrum inhibitor lactocidin from aged liver veal agar cultures of intestinal isolates of L. acidophilus (Vincent et al., 1959). Crude lactocidin was extractable from agar cultures adjusted to below pH 5.0 or above pH 7.8, but not to pH 7.0. Unlike lactic acid or hydrogen peroxide, crude lactocidin was non-dialyzable, insensitive to treatment with catalase, and active at pH 7.0 against Gram-negative and Gram-positive cultures, including several pathogens. The activity of lactocidin against Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus led Vincent et al (1959) to speculate that L. acidophilus producer strains were essential in controlling undesirable flora in the intestinal tract. However, antibacterial activity at pH 7.0 was lost with further purification (Vincent et al., 1959) and subsequent characterization of lactocidin is noticeably absent from the literature. This report and the controversy regarding broad-spectrum antagonists produced by L. acidophilus led Barefoot & Klaenhammer (1983) to survey the species for production of inhibitory proteins.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (1982). Gel Filtration Theory and Practice. Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden.
Barefoot, S. F. (1985). Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Characterization of lactacin B. PhD dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Barefoot, S. F. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1983).Detection and activity of lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45, 1808–1815.
Barefoot, S. F. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1984).Purification and characterization of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin, lactacin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 328–334.
Bhunia, A. K., Johnson, M. C. & Ray, B. (1988).Purification, characterization, and antimicrobial spectrum of a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 65, 261–268.
Bhunia, A. K., Johnson, M. C. & Kalchayanad, N. (1991).Mode of action of pediocin AcH from Pediococcus acidilactici H on sensitive bacterial strains. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 70, 25–33.
Biswas, S. R., Ray, P., Johnson, M. C. & Ray, B. (1991).Influence of growth conditions on the production of a bacteriocin, pediocin AcH, by Pediococcus acidilactici AcH. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 1265–1267.
Bradford, M. M. (1976).A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254.
Chen, Y. R., Barefoot, S. F., Hughes, M. D. & Hughes, T. A. (1992). The agent from gram-positive cells that enhances lactacin B production by Lactobacillus acidophilus in associative cultures. In Program and Abstracts of the Annual Meeting, Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA. June 20-24.
Collins, E. B. & Aramaki, K. (1980).Production of hydrogen peroxide by Lactobacillus acidophilus. J. Dairy Sci., 63, 353–357.
De Cardenas, I. L. B., Ledesma, O. V., de Ruiz Holgado, A. A. P. & Oliver G. (1985).Effect of lactate on the growth and production of diacetyl and acetoin by lactobacilli. J. Dairy Sci., 68, 1897–1901.
De Man, J. C., Rogosa, M. & Sharpe, M. E. (1960).A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 23, 130–135.
Delves-Broughton, J. (1990). Nisin and its uses as a preservative. Food Technol., 44(11), 100–117.
Gao, F. H., Abee, T. & Konings, W. N. (1991).Mechanism of action of the peptide antibiotic nisin in liposomes and cytochrome c oxidase-containing proteoliposomes. Appl Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2164–2170.
Gilliland, S. E. & Speck, M. L. (1977).Antagonistic action of Lactobacillus acidophilus toward intestinal and foodborne pathogens in associative cultures. J. Food Prot., 40, 820–823.
Harris, L. J., Daeschel, M. A., Stiles, M. E. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1989).Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Food Prot., 52, 384–387.
Harvey, R. J. & Collins, E. B. (1963).Roles of citrate and acetoin in the metabolism of Streptococcus diacetilactis. J. Bacteriol., 86, 1301–1307.
Hastings, J. W., Sailer, M, Johnson, K., Roy, K. L., Vederas, J. C. & Stiles, M. E. (1991).Characterization of leucocin A-UAL 187 and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Leuconostoc gelidum. J. Bacteriol., 173, 7491–7500.
Hughes, M. D. (1990). Activity of the L. acidophilus bacteriocin, lactacin B, is enhanced during associative growth of L. acidophilus N2 and L. leichmannii 4797 MS thesis, Clemson University, SC.
Hughes, M. D. & Barefoot, S. F. (1990). Activity of the bacteriocin lactacin B is enhanced during associative growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus N2 and Lactobacillus leichmanii 4791. 0-12. In Abstracts Annual Meeting Amer. Soc. Microbiol., Anaheim, CA, 13-17 May.
Hurst, A. (1981). Nisin. In Adv. Appl. Microbiol., Vol. 27, ed. D. Perlman & A. I. Laskin. Academic Press, New York, pp. 85–123.
Joerger, M. C. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1986).Characterization and purification of helveticin J and evidence for a chromosomally determined bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus helveticus 481. J. Bacteriol., 167, 439–446.
Joerger, M. C. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1990).Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the Lactobacillus helveticus 481 gene encoding the bacteriocin helveticin J. J. Bacteriol., 172, 6339–6347.
Johnson, J. L., Phelps, C. F., Cummins, C. S., London, J. & Gasser, F. (1980).Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group. Internat. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 30, 53–63.
Kandier, O. & Weiss, N. (1986). Genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, 212AL. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 2, ed. P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe & J. G. Holt. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, pp. 1209–1234.
Kékessey, D. A. & Piguet, J. D. (1970).New method for detecting bacteriocin production. Appl. Microbiol., 20, 282–283.
Klaenhammer, T. R. (1988).Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Biochimie, 70, 337–349.
Laemmli, U. K. (1970).Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London), 227, 680–685.
Lazdunski, C. J. (1988).Pore-forming colicins: synthesis, extracellular release, mode of action, immunity. Biochimie, 70, 1291–1296.
Lewus, C. B., Kaiser, A. & Montville, T. J. (1991).Inhibition of food-borne bacterial pathogens by bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria isolated from meat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 1683–1688.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951).Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265–275.
Mayr-Harting, A., Hedges, A. J. & Berkeley, R. C. W. (1972). Methods for studying bacteriocins. In Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 7a, ed. J. W. Norris & D. W. Ribbons. Academic Press, London, pp. 315–422.
Merril, C. R., Goldman, D., Sedman, S. A. & Ebert, M. H. (1981).Ultrasensitive stain for proteins in Polyacrylamide gels shows regional variation in cerebrospinal fluid proteins. Science, 211, 1437–1438.
Mørtvedt, C. I., Nissen-Meyer, J., Sletten, K. & Nes, I. F. (1991).Purification and amino acid sequence of lactocin S, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake L45. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 1829–1834.
Moustapha, H. H. & Collins, E. B. (1968).Role of galactose or glucose-1-phosphate in preventing the lysis of Streptococcus diacetylactis. J. Bacteriol., 95, 592–602.
Muriana, P. M. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1987).Conjugal transfer of plasmid-encoded determinants for bacteriocin production and immunity in Lactobacillus acidophilus 88. Appl Environ. Microbiol., 53, 553–560.
Muriana, P. M. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1991a).Cloning, phenotypic expression, and DNA sequence of the gene for lactacin F, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactobacillus spp. J. Bacteriol., 173, 1779–1788.
Muriana, P. M. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1991b).Purification and partial characterization of lactacin F, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus 11088. Appl Environ. Microbiol., 57, 114–121.
Nettles, C. G. (1992). Purification and amino acid composition of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin, lactacin B. PhD dissertation, Clemson University, SC.
Nettles, C. G., Barefoot, S. F. & Bodine, A. B. (1991). Purification and partial sequence of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin, lactacin B. P91. In Program and Abstracts. Ann. Meet., Soc. Indust. Microbiol., Philadelphia, PA, August 4-9.
Peterson, G. L. (1977). A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. which is generally more applicable. Anal. Biochem. 83, 346–356.
Piard, J. C., Muriana, P. M., Desmazeaud, M. & Klaenhammer, T. R. (1992).Purification and partial characterization of lacticin 481, a lanthionine-containing bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 481. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 279–284.
Price, R. J. & Lee, J. S. (1969).Inhibition of Pseudomonas species by hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli. J. Milk Food Technol., 33, 13–18.
Pugsley, A. P. (1984a).The ins and outs of colicins. Part I: Production and translocation across membranes. Microbiol. Sci., 1, 168–175.
Pugsley, A. P. (1984b).The ins and outs of colicins. Part II: Lethal action, immunity and ecological implications. Microbiol. Sci., 1, 203–205.
Rammeisberg, M., Müller, E. & Radler, F. (1990).Caseicin 80: purification and characterization of a new bacteriocin from Lactobacillus casei. Arch. Microbiol., 154, 249–252.
Ruhr, E. & Sahl, H. G. (1985).Mode of action of the peptide antibiotic nisin and influence on the membrane potential of whole cells and on cytoplasmic and artificial membrane vesicles. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 841–845.
Schillinger, U. (1990). Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. In Biotechnology and Food Safety, ed. D. D. Bills & S. D. Kung. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
Shahani, K. M. & Ayebo, A. D. (1980).Role of dietary lactobacilli in gastrointestinal microecology. Amer. J. Clinical Nutr., 33, 2448–2457.
Stoffels, G., Nissen-Meyer, J., Gudmundsdottir, A., Sletten, K., Holo, H. & Nes, I. F. (1992).Purification and characterization of a new bacteriocin isolated from a Carnobacterium sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 1417–1422.
Tagg, J. R. & McGiven, A. R. (1971).Assay systems for bacteriocins. Appl. Microbiol., 21, 943.
Tagg, J. R., Dajani, A. S. & Wannamaker, L. W. (1976).Bacteriocins of gram positive bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev., 40, 722–756.
Upreti, G. C. & Hinsdill, R. D. (1973).Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin from a homofermentative Lactobacillus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 487–494.
Upreti, G. C. & Hinsdill, R. D. (1975).Production and mode of action of lactocin 27: bacteriocin from homofermentative Lactobacillus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 7, 145–149.
Vakil, J. R. & Shahani, K. M. (1965). Partial purification of antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Bacteriol. Proc., p. 9.
Vincent, J. G., Veomett, R. C. & Riley, R. F. (1959).Antibacterial activity associated with Lactobacillus acidophilus. J. Bacteriol., 78, 477–484.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barefoot, S.F., Nettles, C.G., Chen, Y.R. (1994). Lactacin B, A Bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus Acidophilus . In: De Vuyst, L., Vandamme, E.J. (eds) Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2668-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2668-1_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6146-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2668-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive