Abstract
Biological treatment can be used to treat both the organic and paper fractions of solid waste. Two main treatment types exist: composting (aerobic) and biogasification (anaerobic). Either can be used as a pre-treatment to reduce the volume and stabilise material for disposal in landfills or as a way to produce valuable products, such as compost and (in biogasification) biogas plus compost, from the waste stream. The inputs and outputs of each process are discussed, using available data. Further development of biological valorisation depends on the further development of markets, and agreed standards, for the compost products.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ANRED (1990) Sorting and composting of Domestic Waste. ANRED Publication 27. ANRED, France.
Archer, D.B. and Kirsop, B.H. (1990) The microbiology and control of anaerobic digestion. In: Anaerobic Digestion: a Waste Treatment Technology, ed. A. Wheatley. Elsevier Applied Science, London.
Barret, T.J. (1949) Harnessing the Earthworm. Faber and Faber, London.
Barton, J. (1986) The application of mechanical sorting technology in waste reclamation: options and constraints. Warren Spring Laboratory. Paper presented at the Institute of Waste Management and INCPEN Symposium on Packaging and Waste Disposal Options, London.
Bergmann, M. and Lentz, R. (1992) Vorstudie zu einer Ökobilanz über biologische Abfallbehandlungsverfahren. Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach, Germany. Internal report.
Bundesamtes für Energiewirtschaft (1991). Vergärung biogener Abfälle aus Haushalt,Industrie und Landschaftspflege. Schriftreihe des Bundesamtes für Energiewirtschaft Studie Nr. 47.
Coombs, J. (1990) The present and future of anaerobic digestion. In: Anaerobic Digestion:A Waste Treatment Technology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 1–42.
De Baere, L. (1993) DRANCO, a novel way of composting food and wastepaper: results of a first full-scale plant. Paper given at 2nd CIES Conference on the Environment, Barcelona.
De Baere, L., van Meenen, P., Deboosere, S. and Verstraete, W. (1987). Anaerobic fermentation of refuse. Resources Conservation 14, 295–308.
Ernst, A.-A. (1990) A review of solid waste management by composting in Europe. Resources, Conservation Recycling 4, 135–149.
Fricke, K. and Vogtmann, H. (1992) Biogenic Waste Compost, Experiences of Composting in Germany. IGW, 33 pp.
German Government (Deutscher Bundestag) (1993). Anaerobe Vergärung als Baustein der Abfallverwertung. Drucksache 12, 4905.
IFEU (1992) Vergleich der Auswirkungen verschiedener Verfahren der Restmüllbehandlung auf die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit. Institut für Energie-und Umweltforschung, Heidelberg, GmbH, Heidelberg.
Kern, M. (1993) Grundlagen verfahrenstechnischer Vergleiche von Kompostierungsanlagen. In: Biologische Abfallbehandlung; Kompostierung -Anaerobtechnik -Kalte Vorbehandlung; Reihe (book series) Abfall-Wirtschaft-Neues aus Forschung und Praxis, eds K. Wiemer and M. Kern. University of Kassel, pp. 11–40.
Korz, J. and Frick, B. (1993) Das BTA-Verfahren. In: Biologische Abfallbehandlung; Kompostierung - Anaerobtechnik - Kalte Vorbehandlung; Reihe (book series) Abfall - Wirtschaft - Neues aus Forschung und Praxis, eds. K. Wiemer and M. Kern. University of Kassel, pp. 831–49.
Lentz, R., Carra, R. and Scherer, P. (1992) Composite hygiene papers in anaerobic digestion of biowaste - a case study at the biogas pilot plant of BTA, Munich. In: Proc. International Symposium of Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste (Italy).
Lopez-Real, J. (1990) Agro-industrial waste composting and its agricultural significance. Paper presented at Fertiliser Society of London. Proc. Fertiliser Society, No. 293. Noone, G.P. (1990) The treatment of domestic waters. In: Anaerobic Digestion: A Waste Treatment Technology, ed. A. Wheatley. Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 139–170.
OECD (1991) Environmental Data Compendium. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
ORCA (1991a) The role of composting in the integrated waste management system. In: Solid Waste Management, An Integrated System Approach. Part 5. Organic Reclamation and Composting Association, Brussels.
ORCA(1991b) Composting of Biowaste - the important role of the waste paper fraction. In: Solid Waste Management, An Integrated Approach. Part 8. The Organic Reclamation and Composting Association, Brussels, Belgium.
ORCA (1992a) Information on Composting and Anaerobic Digestion. ORCA Technical Publication No. 1. Organic Reclamation and Composting Association, Brussels.
ORCA (1992b) A Review of Compost Standards in Europe. ORCA Technical Publication No. 2. Organic Reclamation and Composting Association, Brussels, 102 pp.
OWS Organic Waste Systems, Company Literature, OWS n.v., Dok Noord 7b, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Perry and Green (1984) The Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 6th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Schauner, P. (1994) Industrial vermicomposting of home-sorted biowaste - the naturba process. District of Bapaume, France. In press.
Schleiss, K. (1990) Übersicht über die Kompostanlagen in der Schweiz. Abfall-spektrum April, 12–14.
Schneider, D. (1992) Das Wabio-Verfahren der Deutschen Babcock Anlagen. In: Biologische Abfallbehandlung; Kompostierung-Anaerobtechnik - Kalte Vorbehandlung; Reihe (book series) Abfall-Wirtschaft - Neues aus Forschung und Praxis eds. K. Wiemer and M. Kern. University of Kassel, pp. 863–875.
Schön, M. (1992) Das Kompogas-Verfahren der Firma Bühler. In: Biologische Abfallbehandlung; Kompostierung-Anaerobtechnik - Kalte Vorbehandlung; Reihe (book series) Abfall-Wirtschaft - Neues aus Forschung und Praxis, eds. K. Wiemer and M. Kern. University of Kassel, pp. 821–829.
Six, W and De Baere, L. (1988) Dry anaerobic composting of various organic wastes. Proc. 5th International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion,Bologna, Italy, pp. 793–797.
Van der Vlugt, A.J. and Rulkens, W.H. (1984) Biogas production from a domestic waste fraction. In: Anaerobic Digestion and Carbohydrate Hydrolysis of Waste, eds. G.L. Ferrero, M.P. Ferranti and H. Naveau. Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 245–250.
Verstraete, W., De Baere, L. and Seeboth, R.-G. (1993) Getrenntsammlung und Kompostierung von Bioabfall in Europa. Entsorgungs Praxis.
Warmer (1991) Compost. Warmer factsheet, Warmer Campaign, UK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Aspen Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
White, P., Franke, M., Hindle, P. (1999). Biological treatment. In: Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2369-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2369-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-8342-1311-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2369-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive