Abstract
Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is introduced. It is a tool to predict the overall environmental impact of a product or service. It consists of four stages: goal definition, inventory, impact analysis and valuation, of which the first two are well developed and the latter two in need of further work. In view of this, the analysis of solid waste management will be limited to a lifecycle inventory (LCI) (comprising goal definition and inventory stages) and not involve a detailed impact analysis or valuation. Economic lifecycle assessment is an equally important, although separate, part of an overall assessment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahbe, S., Braunschweig, A. and Müller-Wenk, R. (1990) Methodik für Oekobilanzen auf der Basis ökologischer Optimierung. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Report No. 133. Bern, Switzerland.
Assies, J.A. (1992) State of art. In Life-Cycle Assessment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Europe (SETAC), Brussels, pp. 1–20.
Boustead, I. (1993) Resource Use and Liquid Food Packaging. EC Directive 85/339: UK Data 1986–1990. A report for INCPEN.
Boustead, I. and Hancock, G.F. (1989) EEC Directive 85/339. UK Data 1986. A report for INCPEN (Industry Council for Packaging and the Environment). The Open University, UK.
BUS (1984) EMPA (1984). Oekobilanzen von Packstoffen. Bundesamt für Umweltschutz, Report No. 24. Bern, Switzerland.
EC (1992) Ecolabelling regulation. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L99 (1992).
EC (1993) Draft Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive.
Elkington et al. (1993) The LCA Sourcebook. SustainAbility, SPOLD and Business in the Environment, 112 pp.
ENDS (1991) P & G throws down gauntlet on aerosols with propellant-free refillable sprays. Environ. Data Services Rep. 199, 23–24.
Finnveden, G., Andersson-Sköld, Y., Samuelsson, M.-O., Zetterberg, L. and Lindfors, L.-G. (1992) Classification (impact analysis) in connection with lifecycle assessments - a preliminary study. In Product Lifecycle Assessment - Principles and Methodology. Nordic Council of Ministers, 172–231.
Franke, M. (1983) Umweltauswirkungen durch Getraenkeverpackungen - Systematik zur Ermittlung von Umweltauswirkungen am Beispiel der Mehrweg-Glasflasche und des Getraenkekartons. E. Freitag Verlag, Berlin.
Guinée, J.B. (1992) Headings for classification. In Life-Cycle Assessment. Report of the SETAC Workshop, Leiden. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Brussels, pp. 81–85.
Habersatter, K. (1991) Oekobilanz von Packstoffen Stand 1990, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) Report No. 132, Bern, Switzerland.
Hindle, P., White, P.R. and Minion, K. (1993) Achieving real environmental improvement using value: impact assessment. Long Range Planning 26(3), 36–48.
Hunt, R.G., Franklin, W.E., Welch, R.O., Cross, J.A. and Woodal, A.E. (1974) Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis of Nine Beverage Container Alternatives. Midwest Research Institute for US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
Hunt, R.G., Sellers, J.D. and Franklin, W.E. (1992) Resource and environmental profile analysis: a life cycle environmental assessment for products and procedures. Environ. Impact Assessment Rev. 12, 245–269.
Huppes, G. (1992) Allocating impacts of multiple economic processes in LCA. In Life-Cycle Assessment. Report of the SETAC Workshop, Leiden. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Brussels, pp. 57–70.
Landbank (1991) Packaging - An Environmental Perspective. A Gateway Foodmarkets report prepared by Landbank Consultancy, UK.
Procter & Gamble (1992) Lifecycle inventory for consumer goods packages. A copy of this spreadsheet can be obtained from Procter and Gamble European Technical Center, Temselaan 100, B-1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
SETAC (1992) Life-Cycle Assessment. Report of the SETAC Workshop,Leiden, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Brussels, pp. 57–70.
Thomé-Kozmiensky, K.J. and Franke, M. (1988) Umweltauswirkungen von Verpackungen aus Kunststoff und Glas. EF-Verlag fuer Energie-und Umwelttechnik, Berlin.
Tillman, A.-M., Baumann, H., Eriksson, E. and Rydberg, T. (1991) Lifecycle analyses of selected packaging materials, report commissioned by Swedish National Commission on Packaging (draft).
Udo de Haes, H.A. (1992) Workshop conclusions on classification session. In Life-Cycle Assessment. Report of the SETAC Workshop, Leiden. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Brussels, pp. 95–98.
White, P.R., Hindle, P. and Dräger, K. (1993) Lifecycle assessment of packaging. In Packaging in the Environment, ed. G. Levy. Blackie, Glasgow, pp. 118–146.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Aspen Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
White, P., Franke, M., Hindle, P. (1999). Lifecycle inventory: a part of lifecycle assessment. In: Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2369-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2369-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-8342-1311-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2369-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive