Abstract
Violent physical assault and the murder of a family member or close friend are traumatic events that can produce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental health problems. Understanding the scope and effect of violent physical assaults and homicide is relevant to the topic of torture and its consequences in two ways: First, these types of events are elements of the torture experience itself for torture survivors, many of whom have been physically attacked as a part of the torture or have lost a family member or friend who was murdered as part of government-sanctioned political repression. Second, individuals in many nations are at risk of losing a family member or friend to homicide or of becoming victims of violent crimes involving physical assault. Such experiences, regardless of whether they occur before or after a torture experience, might be expected to influence the extent to which torture survivors develop problems or recover from the experience.
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Kilpatrick, D.G., Koss, M.P. (2001). Homicide and Physical Assault. In: Gerrity, E., Tuma, F., Keane, T.M. (eds) The Mental Health Consequences of Torture. The Plenum Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1295-0_13
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