Abstract
The communities associated with the Bell Beaker emerged during the Subboreal, a climatic period of the years 5000-2700 b.p. During this period, particularly during its first half, the climate became warmer (the average temperature increased 1-2° C) and drier compared with the previous period (Atlantic period, 8000-5000 b.p.). In general, vegetation changed: The population of oak trees decreased, and the population of beech trees and fir trees increased. In the Mediterranean area, there was an increase in the number of holm oak woods, which became a progressive substitute for the oak woods, and there was a clear extension of the pine trees. It is suggested that the population of holm oak trees increased in part because of the deforestation and manipulation of nature in a historical period during which human communities began to work intensively on nature in order to obtain the best conditions to develop their agricultural and cattle-raising techniques.
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Garcia, X.C. (2001). Bell Beaker. In: Peregrine, P.N., Ember, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1187-8_3
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