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Import of Nuclear Encoded RNAs into Yeast and Human Mitochondria: Experimental Approaches and Possible Biomedical Applications

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Genetic Engineering

Part of the book series: Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods ((GEPM,volume 24))

Abstract

Mitochondria are DNA-containing organelles, which provide most of the cellular energy through aerobic respiration. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain relies on the contribution of two sets of genetic information, the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. The size and organization of the mitochondrial genomes vary in a remarkable manner. On one side we find the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is a small circular molecule of 16569 bp coding for 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (which, due to the absence of initiator tRNA and to a modified genetic code, are sufficient for mitochondria] translation), and 13 polypeptides of the respiratory chain (1). Yeast mtDNA occupies an intermediate position with 85779 bp circular molecules encoding 11 polypeptides of the respiratory chain, one ribosomal protein, 24 tRNAs (which are able, in principle, to decode all the codons in mitochondrial DNA), 2 rRNAs, several proteins participating in RNA processing and DNA replication (maturases, reverse-transcriptases, DNA-endonuclease) and 7 small open-reading frames coding for hypothetical proteins (2). On the opposite extremity we can find plant mtDNAs which can be 200–600 kb long and, coding for rRNAs, tRNAs and respiratory complexes subunits, also contain numerous additional genes (identified or hypothetical) (3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. FRE 2375 of the CNRS (MEPH), Institut de Physiologie et Chimie Biologique, 21, rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France

    N. Entelis, O. Kolesnikova, H. Kazakova, I. Brandina, P. Kamenski, R. P Martin & I. Tarassov

  2. Department of Molecular Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia

    O. Kolesnikova, H. Kazakova, I. Brandina & P. Kamenski

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  1. N. Entelis
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  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

    Jane K. Setlow

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Entelis, N. et al. (2002). Import of Nuclear Encoded RNAs into Yeast and Human Mitochondria: Experimental Approaches and Possible Biomedical Applications. In: Setlow, J.K. (eds) Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, vol 24. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0721-5_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0721-5_9

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