Skip to main content

Purification

  • Chapter
Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract

The purification of alkaline phosphatase has been the subject of numerous papers since the first report by Martland and Robison1 in 1929. Most investigators who have obtained alkaline phosphatase preparations with high specific activities have employed a series of well-defined steps. These include the extraction of the enzyme from the relevant tissue, concentration by precipitation, gel filtration, and/or column chromatography, with several variations in the sequence. It may ultimately become possible to purify a particular enzyme in one or two easy steps.2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Martland, M., and Robison, R., The preparation and use of the bone phosphatase, Biochem. J., 23, 237, 1929.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schlesinger, M. J., and Olsen, R., A new, simple, rapid procedure for purification of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, Anal. Biochem., 36, 86, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Eaton, R. H., and Moss, D. W., Partial purification and some properties of human bone alkaline phosphatase, Enzymologia, 35, 31, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cornish, C. J., Studies on human bone alkaline phosphatase, M.Sc. thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Harkness, D. R., Studies on human placental alkaline phosphatase. 1. Purification and crystallization, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 126, 503, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ghosh, N. K., and Fishman, W. H., Purification and properties of molecular-weight variants of human placental alkaline phosphatase, Biochem. J., 108, 779, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Smith, J. K., Eaton, R. H., Whitby, L. G., and Moss, D. W., Large-scale gel-filtration in the purification of human liver and small intestine alkaline phosphatases, Anal. Biochem., 23, 84, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Narayanan, S., and Appleton, H. D., New procedure for purifying and crystallizing alkaline phosphatase from human intestinal mucosa, Clin. Chem., 18, 548, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lehmann, F.-G., Immunological relationship between human placental and intestinal phosphatase, Clin. Chim. Acta, 65, 257, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brenna, O., Perrella, M., Pace, M., and Pietta, P. G., Affinity-chromatography purification of alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine, Biochem. J., 151, 291, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Engstrom, L., Studies on calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. I. Chromatographic purification, microheterogeneity, and some other properties of the purified enzyme, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 52, 36, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Morton, R. K., The purification of alkaline phosphatase of animal tissues, Biochem. J., 57, 595, 1954.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fosset, M., Chappelet-Tordo, D., and Lazdunski, M., Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: Physical properties and quaternary structure,Biochemistry, 13, 1783, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chappelet-Tordo, D., Fosset, M., Iwatsubo, M., Gache, C., and Lazdunski, M., Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: Catalytic properties and half of the sites reactivity, Biochemistry, 13, 1788, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Portmann, P., Zur Kenntnis der alkalischen Darmphosphatase, Z. Physiol. Chem., 309, 87, 1957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Binkley, F., Purification and partial characterization of the alkaline phosphatase of swine kidney, J. Biol. Chem., 236, 735, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wachsmuth, E. D., and Hiwada, K., Alkaline phosphatase from pig kidney: Method of purification and molecular properties, Biochem. J., 141, 273, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramasamy, I., and Butterworth, P. J., Subunit structure and catalytic activity of pig kidney alkaline phosphatase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 370, 477, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cathala, G., Brunei, C., Chappelet-Tordo, D., and Lazdunski, M., Bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase: Purification, subunit structure, and metalloenzyme properties, J. Biol Chem., 250, 6040, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Engstrôm, L., Studies on bovine liver alkaline phosphatase: Purification, phosphate incorporation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 92, 71, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lehmann, F.-G., New method for the isolation and crystallization of human liver alkaline phosphatase, Digestion, 12, 123, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ohkubo, A., Langerman, N., and Kaplan, M. M., Rat liver alkaline phosphatase: Purification and properties, J. Biol Chem., 249, 7174, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Morton, R. K., Alkaline phosphatase of milk. 2. Purification of the enzyme, Biochem. J., 55, 795, 1953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Linden, G., Mazeron, P., Michalowski, J. B., and Alais, C., Phosphatase alcaline du lait de vache. 1. Purification et propriétés moléculaires, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 358, 82, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Brunei, C., Cathala, G., and Saintot, M., Purification et propriétés de la phosphatase alcaline du cerveau de boeuf, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 191, 621, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Balestrieri, C., Colonna, G., Irace, G., and Cedrangolo, F., Purification and some properties of an alkaline phosphatase from beef brain, Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 50B, 203, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lee, M. H., and Sartorelli, A. C., Solubilization and partial purification of alkaline phosphatase of Sarcoma 180/TG ascites cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 358, 69, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bottomley, R. H., Lovig, C. A., Holt, R., and Griffin, M. J., Comparison of alkaline phosphatase from human normal and leukemic leukocytes, Cancer Res., 29, 1866, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ghosh, N. K., Rukenstein, A., Baltimore, R., and Cox, R. P., Studies on hormonal induction of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cell cultures: Kinetic, thermodynamic and electrophoretic properties of induced and base-level enzymes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 286, 175, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pfohl, R. J., Alakline phosphatase of sea urchin embryos: Chromatographic and electrophoretic characterization, Dev. Biol, 44, 333, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Eguchi, M., Alkaline phosphatase isozymes in the alimentary canal of the silkworm, in: Isozymes I: Molecular Structure (Markert, C., ed.), p. 315, Academic Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Malamy, M. H., and Horecker, B. L., Purification and crystallization of the alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli, Biochemistry, 3, 1893, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Davis, F. W. J., and Lees, H., Alkaline phosphatases of Neurospora crassa. II. Product inhibition studies, Can. J. Microbiol, 18, 407, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hulett-Cowling, F. M., and Campbell, L. L., Purification and properties of an alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus licheniformis, Biochemistry, 10, 1364, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Takeda, K., and Tsugita, A., Phosphoesterases of Bacillus subtilis. II. Crystallization and properties of alkaline phosphatase, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 61, 231, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Le Hégarat, J.-C., and Anagnostopoulos, C., Purification, subumt structure and properties of two repressible phosphohydrolases of Bacillus subtilis, Eur. J. Biochem., 39, 525, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bhatti, A. R., Purification and properties of the alkaline phosphatase of Serratia marcescens, Arch. Microbiol., 95, 255, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yeh, M.-F., and Trela, J. M., Purification and characterization of a repressible alkaline phos-phatase from Thermus aquaticus, J. Biol. Chem., 251, 3134, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Adler, L., Purification of alkaline phosphatase of the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, Acta Chem. Scand., 30B, 43, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Torriani, A., Influence of inorganic phosphate in the formation of phosphatases by Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 38, 460, 1960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Day, D. F., and Ingram, J. M., Purification and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline phosphatase, Can. J. Microbiol, 19, 1225, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Davis, F. W., and Lees, H., Alkaline phosphatase of Neurospora crassa: Part I, Can. J. Microbiol, 15, 455, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kaplan, M. M., and Righetti, A., Induction of rat liver alkaline phosphatase: The mechanism of the serum elevation in bile duct obstruction, J. Clin. Invest., 49, 508, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Cox, R. P., and MacLeod, C. M., Hormonal induction of alkaline phosphatase in human cells in tissue culture, Nature (London), 190, 85, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cox, R. P., and Pontecorvo, G., Induction of alkaline phosphatase by substrates in established cultures of cells from individual human donors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 41, 839, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nitowsky, H. M., Herz, F., and Geller, S., Induction of alkaline phosphatase in dispersed cell cultures by changes in osmolality, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 12, 293, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Schneiderman, H., Young, W. J., and Childs, B., Patterns of alkaline phosphatase in developing Drosophila, Science, 151, 461, 1966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mathies, J. C., Preparation and properties of highly purified alkaline phosphatase from swine kidneys, J. Biol Chem., 233, 1121, 1958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schmidt, G., and Thannhauser, S. J., Intestinal phosphatase, J. Biol Chem., 149, 369, 1943.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. MacKenzie, A. S. E., Tooth phosphatase, Br Dent. J., 54, 153, 1933.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Moss, D. W., Eaton, R. H., Smith, J. K., and Whitby, L. G., Association of inorganic pyrophos-phatase activity with human alkaline-phosphatase preparations, Biochem. J., 102, 53, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Garen, A., and Levinthal, C., A fine-structure genetic and chemical study of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase of E. coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 38, 470, 1960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Garen, A., and Echols, H., Properties of two regulating genes for alkaline phosphatase, J. Bacteriol., 83, 291, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kadner, R. J., Nyc, J. F., and Brown, D. M., A repressible alkaline phosphatase in Neurospora crassa, J. Biol Chem., 243, 3076, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Signer, E. R., Non-heritable factors in gene expression, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Cheng, K.-J., Ingram, J. M., and Costerton, J. W., Release of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by manipulation of cation concentration and of pH, J. Bacteriol., 104, 748, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wolpert, M. K., Damle, S. P., Brown, J. E., Sznycer, E., Agrawal, K. C., and Sartorelli, A. C., The role of phosphohydrolases in the mechanism of resistance of neoplastic cells to 6-thiopurines, Cancer Res., 31, 1620, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Glew, R. H., and Heath, E. C., Studies on the extracellular alkaline phosphatase of Micrococcus sodonensis. I. Isolation and characterization, J. Biol Chem., 246, 1556, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Abul-Fadl, M. A. M., and King, E. J., Purification of faecal alkaline phosphatase, Biochem. J., 44, 431, 1949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Butterworth, P. J., Human kidney and urinary alkaline phosphatase, Biochem. J., 107, 467, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Malamy, M. H., and Horecker, B. L., Release of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Escherichia coli upon lysozyme spheroplast formation, Biochemistry, 3, 1889, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Levinthal, C., Signer, E. R., and Fetherolf, K., Reactivation and hybridization of reduced alkaline phosphatase, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 48, 1230, 1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Heppel, L. A., Selective release of enzymes from bacteria, Science, 156, 1451, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Cheng, K. J., and Costerton, J. W., Localization of alkaline phosphatase in three gram negative rumen bacteria, J. Bacteriol, 116, 424, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Neu, H. C., and Heppel, L. A., The release of enzymes from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock and during the formation of spheroplasts, J. Biol. Chem., 240, 3685, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Simpson, R. T., Vallee, B. L., and Tait, G. H., Alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli: Com-position, Biochemistry, 7, 4336, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Pralle, H., Schnellbacher, E., and Loffler, H., Alkaline phosphatase in human erythrocytes: A new hereditary disorder, in: Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes: Recent Advances in Membrane and Metabolic Research, IInd International Symposium, p. 189, G. Thieme, Stuttgart, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kabat, E. A., Association of phosphatase with a material in kidney sedimentable at high speed and its liberation by autolysis, Science, 93, 43, 1941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Goldfischer, S., Essner, E., and Novikoff, A. B., The localization of phosphatase activities at the level of ultrastructure, J. Histochem. Cytochemc, 12, 12, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ito, S., Structure and function of the glycocalyx, Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol, 28, 12, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Monneron, A., Ultrastructural study of membrane-bound enzymes in thymocytes, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 22, 1128, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Schmitz, J., Preiser, H., Maestracci, D., Ghosh, B. K., Cerda, J. J., and Crane, R. K., Purification of the human intestinal brush border membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 323, 98, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Crane, R. K., Menard, D., Preiser, H., and Cerda, J., The molecular basis of brush border membrane disease, in: Membranes and Diseases (Bolis, L., Hoffman, J. F., and Leaf, A., eds.), p. 229, Raven Press, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Plimmer, R. H. A., The metabolism of organic phosphorus compounds: Their hydrolysis by the action of enzymes, Biochem. J., 7, 43, 1913.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kay, H. D., The phosphatases of mammalian tissues, Biochem. J., 22, 855, 1928.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Albers, H., and Albers, E., Über die Nierenphosphatase. 1. Mitteilung zur Kenntnis der Phospha-tasen, Z Physiol. Chem., 232, 165, 1935.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mathies, J. C., On the purification of alkaline phosphatase of swine kidneys, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 7, 387, 1951.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Grossberg, A. L., Harris, E. H., and Schlamowitz, M., Enrichment and separation of alkaline phosphatase activities of hum an tissues by chromatography on cellulose ion-exchange adsorbents, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 93, 267, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ehrensvard, G., Studien über Phosphatase, I., Z. Physiol. Chem., 217, 274, 1933.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Abul-Fadl, M. A. M., and King, E. J., Purification of alkaline phosphatase by tryptic digestion, Biochem. J., 44, 434, 1949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Zittle, C. A., and Della Monica, E. S., Use of butanol in the purification of the alkaline phospha-tase of bovine milk, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 35, 321, 1952.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Zittle, C. A., and Della Monica, E. S., Effects of borate and other ions on the alkaline phosphatase of bovine milk and intestinal mucosa, Arch. Biochem., 26, 112, 1950.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hung, S. C., and Melnykovych, G., Increase in activity of partially purified alkaline phosphatase after treatment with Mg2+, Zn2+ and lysolecithin, Enzyme, 22, 28, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Zittle, C. A., and Della Monica, E. S., Absorption of bovine alkaline phosphatase on diatomaceous silica,Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 76, 193, 1951.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Rosenblum, D., Himmelhoch, S. R., Peterson, E. A., Evans, W. H., and Mage, M. G., Purification of alkaline phosphatase from guinea pig bone marrow, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 141, 303, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Spencer, T., and Macrae, D. L., Some properties of the alkaline phosphatase of HeLa cells, Enzymologia, 42, 329, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Morton, R. K., Separation and purification of enzymes associated with insoluble particles, Nature (London), 166, 1092, 1950.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Morton, R. K., Alkaline phosphatase of milk. I. Association of the enzyme with a particulate lipoprotein complex,Biochem. J., 55, 786, 1953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ahmed, Z., and King, E. J., Purification of placental alkaline phosphatase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 40, 320, 1960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Morton, R. K., Methods of extraction of enzymes from animal tissues, in: Methods in Enzymology (Colowick, S. P., and Kaplan, N. O., eds.), p. 25, Academic Press, New York, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Smith, I., Lightstone, P. J., and Perry, J. D., Separation of human tissue alkaline phosphatases by electrophoresis on acrylamide disc gels, Clin. Chim. Acta, 19, 499, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Gessler, A. E., Bender, C. E., and Parkinson, M. C., A new and rapid method for isolating viruses by selective fluorocarbon deproteinization, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 18, 701, 1956.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Glenn, A. R., and Mandelstam, J., Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 168: Comparison of alkaline phosphatase from sporulating and vegetative cells,Biochem. J., 123, 129, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Landau, W., and Schlamowitz, M., Studies of factors related to differentiation of alkaline phos-phatases derived from several tissues, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 95, 474, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hiwada, K., and Wachsmuth, E. D., Alkaline phosphatase from pig kidney: kicroheterogeneity and the role of neuraminic acid, Biochem. J., 141, 293, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Beratis, N. G., Seegers, W., and Hirschhorn, K., Properties of placental alkaline phosphatase. II. Interactions of fast- and slow-migrating components, Biochem. Genet., 5, 367, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chang, C. H., and Moog, F., Alkaline phosphatases of the chicken duodenum. II. Enzyme dissociation of a large phosphatase splitting complex predominant in the duodenum before hatching, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 258, 166, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Levene, P. A., and Dillon, R. T., Intestinal nucleotidase, J. Biol. Chem., 88, 753, 1930.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sussman, H. H., Small, P. A., and Cotlove, E., Human alkaline phosphatase: Immunochemical identification of organ-specific isoenzymes, J. Biol. Chem., 243, 160, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Simpson, R. T., and Vallee, B. L., Zinc and cobalt alkaline phosphatases, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 166, 610, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Applebury, M. L., Johnson, B. P., and Coleman, J. E., Phosphate binding to alkaline phosphatase, J. Biol. Chem., 245, 4968, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Applebury, M. L., and Coleman, J. E., Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase: Metal binding, protein conformation, and quaternary structure, J. Biol. Chem., 244, 308, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Fishman, L., Inglis, N. R., and Fishman, W. H., Preparation and characterization of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase antigens, Clin. Chim. Acta, 38, 15, 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Fishman, L., Inglis, N. R., and Fishman, W. H., Preparation of two antigens of human liver iso-enzymes of alkaline phosphatase, Clin. Chim. Acta, 34, 393, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Dorn, G. L., Purification and characterization of phosphatase I from Aspergillus nidulans, J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3500, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Porath, J., and Flodin, P., Gel filtration: A method for desalting and group separation, Nature (London), 183, 1651, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Porath, J., and Flodin, P., Gel filtration, in: Protides of the Biological Fluids, (Peeters, H., ed.), p. 290, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Andrews, P., The gel-filtration behaviour of proteins related to their molecular weights over a wide range, Biochem, J., 96, 595, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Nayudu, P. R. V., and Miles, P. L., Inhibition of pyrophosphatase activity of mouse duodenal alkaline phosphatase by magnesium ions, Biochem. J., 115, 29, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Csopak, H., The purification of an alkaline phosphatase from baker’s yeast, A eta Chem. Scand., 18, 2414, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Peterson, E. A., and Sober, H. A., Chromatography of proteins. 1. Cellulose ion-exchange ad-sorbents, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 751, 1956.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Neale, F. C., Clubb, J. S., Hotchkis, D., and Posen, S., Heat stability of human placental alkaline phosphatase, J. Clin. Pathol., 18, 359, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Peterson, E. A., and Sober, H. A., Column chromatography of the proteins, in: Methods in Enzymology, Vol. V (Colowick, S. P., and Kaplan, N. O., eds.), p. 3, Academic Press, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Lazdunski, C., and Lazdunski, M., Les isophosphatases alcalines & Escherichia coli: Separation, propriétés cinétiques et structurales, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 147, 280, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Glew, R. H., and Heath, E. C., Studies on the extracellular alkaline phosphatase of Micrococcus sodonensis. II. Factors affecting secretion, J. Biol. Chem., 246, 1566, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Cuatrecasas, P., Wilchek, M., and Anfinsen, C. B., Selective enzyme purification by affinity chromatography,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 61, 636, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Cuatrecasas, P., Protein purification by affinity chromatography: Derivatizations of agarose and polyacrylamide beads, J. Biol. Chem., 245, 3059, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Doellgast, G. J., and Fishman, W. H„ Purification of human placental alkaline phosphatase: Salt effects in affinity chromatography, Biochem. J., 141, 103, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Masuzawa, M., Ito, F., Kamata, T., Ogita, Z., and Sakoyama, Y., Affinity chromatography of human placental alkaline phosphatase, Proc. Symp. Chem. Physiol. Pathol. (Ikagaku Shinpojumu), 13, 11, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Hoag, S., Charm, S., and Raam, S., Optimal conditions for isolating human placental alkaline phosphatase by immunosorption, Immunochemistry, 12, 833, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Kaplan, M. M., Ohkubo, A., and Sze-Tu, D., Increased synthesis of rat liver alkaline phosphatase by bile duct ligation, Unpublished manuscript, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Komoda, T., and Sakagishi, Y., Partial purification and some properties of human liver alkaline phosphatase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 438, 138, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Carlson, L. A., A preliminary note on the electrophoretic purification of alkaline phosphatase, Acta Chem. Scand., 8, 357, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Levy, R. S., and Mazia, D., Partial purification of renal alkaline phosphatase by electrophoresis on paper, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 44, 280, 1953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Latner, A. L., Parsons, M. E., and Skillen, A. W., Isoelectric focusing of human liver alkaline phosphatase, Biochem. J., 118, 299, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Latner, A. L., Parsons, M., and Skillen, A. W., Isoelectric focusing of alkaline phosphatases from human kidney and calf intestine, Enzymologia, 40, 1, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Greene, P. J., and Sussman, H. H., Structural comparison of ectopic and normal placental alkaline phosphatase,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 70, 2936, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Usategui-Gomez, M., Yeager, F. M., and Tarbutton, P., Purification of human placental alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing, Clin. Chim. Acta, 50, 405, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Khattab, M., and Pfleiderer, G., Alkaline phosphatase of human and calf small intestine: Purification and immunochemical characterization, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem., 357, 377, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Brockman, R. W., and Heppel., L., On the localization of alkaline phosphatase and cyclic phos-phodiesterase in Escherichia coli, Biochemistry, 7, 2554, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Westley, J., and Lambeth, J., Protein determination on the basis of copper-binding capacity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 40, 364, 1960.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J., Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 793, 265, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Portmann, P., and Gerfaux, G., Purification et propriétés de la phosphatase alcaline rénale de cheval, Chimia, 15, 428, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Smithies, O., Zone electrophoresis in starch gels: Group variations in serum proteins of normal human adults, Biochem. J., 61, 629, 1955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Fritsche, H. A., Jr., and Adams-Park, H. R., Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in human serum and tissue, Clin. Chem., 18, 417, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Rhone, D. P., White, F. M., and Gidaspow, H., Isoenzymes of liver alkaline phosphatase in serum of patients with hepatobiliary disorders, Clin. Chem., 19, 1142, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Dymling, J.-F., Separation of serum and placental alkaline phosphatase by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sephadex chromatography, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 18, 129, 1966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Baker, R. W. R., and Pellegrino, C., The separation and detection of serum enzymes by paper electrophoresis, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 6, 94, 1954.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Keiding, N. R., Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in human lymph and serum, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 18, 134, 1966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Abul-Fadl, M. A. M., King, E. J., Roche, J., and Thoai, N. V., Purification of alkaline phospha-tase, Biochem. J., 44, 428, 1949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Yphantis, D. A., Equilibrium ultracentrifugation of dilute solutions, Biochemistry, 3, 297, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Sussman, H. H., and Gottlieb, A. J., Human placental alkaline phosphatase. II. Molecular and subunit properties of the enzyme, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 194, 170, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Schlamowitz, M., Production of antibodies against dog intestinal phosphatase, J. Biol. Chem., 206, 361, 1954.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. International Union of Biochemistry, Enzyme Nomenclature: Recommendations (1972) of the Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes Together with Their Units and the Symbols of Enzyme Kinetics, Elsevier, p. 23, Amsterdam, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Goldstein, I. J., Hollerman, C. E., and Smith, E. E., Protein-carbohydrate interaction. I. The interaction of polysaccharides with concanavalin A, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 97, 68, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Chang, C.-H., Angellis, D., and Fishman, W. H., Reaction of concanavalin A with alkaline phosphatase extracted from various human tissues, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 9, 55, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Petitclerc, C., Delisle, M., Martel, M., Fecteau, C., and Briere, N., Mechanism of action of magnesium2+ and Zn2+ on rat placental alkaline phosphatase, Can. J. Biochem., 53, 1089, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Petitclerc, C., Personal communication, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Toffaletti, J., Bowers, J. L., and Bowers, G. N., Jr., Unpublished, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Latner, A. L., and Hodson, A. W., Human liver alkaline phosphatase purified by affinity chromatography, ultra-centrifugation and polyacrylamide-gel electrophroesis, Biochem: J., 159, 697, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Moss, D. W., Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in autolyzed and butanol extracted liver preparation, Atore (London), 193, 981, 1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Moss, D. W., Heterogeneity of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase, Nature (London), 200, 1206, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Landt, M., Boltz, S. C., and Butler, L. G., Alkaline phosphatase: Affinity chromatography and inhibition by phosphonic acids, Biochemistry, 17, 915, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Louvard, D., Maroux, S., Vannier, C., and Desnuelle, P., Topological studies on the hydrolases bound to the intestinal brush border membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 375, 236, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Colbeau, A. and Maroux, S., Integration of alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal brush border membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 511, 39, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McComb, R.B., Bowers, G.N., Posen, S. (1979). Purification. In: Alkaline Phosphatase. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2970-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2970-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-2972-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2970-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics