Abstract
The recovery of plants from cell culture proceeds by one of two pathways: somatic embryogenesis or shoot organogenesis. The now classic experiments of Skoog and Miller demonstrated that organogenesis was controlled by the phytohormones in the medium. Shoot-inducing medium is relatively low in auxin and high in cytokinin, root-inducing medium is high in auxin and low in cytokinin, and callus-inducing medium has intermediate levels of auxin and cytokinin. A series of experimental manipulations demonstrates that the process of shoot organogenesis can be divided into three physiological phases: the acquisition of competence for induction (phase 1), induction per se (phase 2), and morphological differentiation and growth (phase 3). These phases can be further subdivided. For example, induction includes five transient sensitivities to inhibitors. Such stage-specific inhibitions reflect phenocritical times in development rather than general metabolic toxicities. The phenocopying agents are TIBA, sorbitol, ribose, ammonium ion, and ASA. A number of species or cultivars will not produce shoots in response to any of a large number of phytohormone combinations; in some cases, this can be shown to be the result of a block in the acquisition of competence (phase 1) rather than a block in the induction of shoots. Close attention to the physiological genetics of the regeneration process can lead to more efficient regeneration from responsive cultivars and regeneration from otherwise nonresponsive cultivars.
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© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
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Christianson, M.L., Warnick, D.A. (1988). Physiological Genetics of Organogenesis in vitro. In: Hanover, J.W., Keathley, D.E., Wilson, C.M., Kuny, G. (eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants. Basic Life Sciences, vol 44. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1661-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1661-9_6
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