Abstract
The questions of (1947) (“How are the individuals and the species put together? What determines their relative proportions and their spatial and temporal relations to each other?”) can be answered by examining flows and budgets of energy and matter at the scale of a specific vegetation band or their spatial relationships and aggregation. Both questions correspond to the objectives that (1984) gives to community ecology: “to detect the patterns of natural systems, to explain them by discerning the causal processes that underlie them and to generalise these explanations as far as possible.” Those patterns and processes determine the functioning of ecosystems and population dynamics that are closely linked by similar underlying spatial processes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Archer, S. 1990. Development and stability of grass/woody mosaics in a subtropical savanna parkland, Texas, USA. J. Biogeogr. 17: 453–462.
Boughton, W.C. 1989. A review of the USDA SCS curve number method. Aust. J. Soil Res. 27:511–523.
Briones, O., Montaña, C., and Ezcurra, E. 1996. Competition between three Chihuahuan Desert species: evidence from plant size-distance relations and root distribution. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 453–460.
Chapin, F.S., III, Walker, B.H., Hobbs, R.J., Hooper, D.U., Lawton, J.H., Sala, O.E., and Tilman, D. 1997. Biotic control over the functioning of ecosystems. Science 277: 500–503.
Cornet, A., Delhoume, J.P., and Montaña, C. 1988. Dynamics of striped vegetation patterns and water balance in the Chihuahan Desert. In Diversity and pattern in plant communities, eds. H.J. During, M.J.A. Werger, and J.H. Willens, pp. 221–231. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.
Cornet, A.F., Montana, C., Delhoume, J.P., and López-Portillo, J. 1992. Water flows and the dynamics of desert vegetation stripes. In Landscape boundaries, consequences for biotic diversity and ecological flows, eds. A.J. Hansen and F. Di Castri, pp. 327–345. Ecological studies 92. New York: Springer Verlag.
Cunningham, G.L., Balding, F.R., and Syvertsen, J.R 1974. A net CO2 exchange model for C4 grasses. Photosynthetica 8: 28–33.
De Angelis, D.L., and Waterhouse, J.C. 1987. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecol. Monog. 57: 1–21.
Delcourt, H.R., Delcourt, P.A., and Webb, T. 1983. Dynamic plant ecology: the spectrum of vegetational change in space and time. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1: 153–175.
Dregne, H.E. 1983. Desertification of arid lands, advances in desert and arid land technology and development, vol. 3. London: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Dunkerley, D.L. 1997. Banded vegetation: survival under drought and grazing pressure based on a simple cellular automaton model. J. Arid Environ. 35: 419–428.
Feddes, R.A., Kowalik, P.J., and Zaradny, H. 1978. Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Simulation Monograph. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc.
Greene, R.S.B. 1992. Soil physical properties of three geomorphic zones in a semi-arid mulga woodland. Aust. J. Soil Res. 30: 55–69.
Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology, 3rd ed. Studies in ecology 9. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hansen, A.J., and Di Castri, R, eds. 1992. Landscape boundaries. Consequences for biotic diversity and ecological flows. Ecological studies 92. New York: Springer Verlag.
Hattersley, P.W. 1992. C4 photosynthetic pathway variation in grasses (Poacea): its significance for arid and semi-arid lands. In Desertified grasslands. Their biology and management, ed. G. Chapman, pp. 181–212. London: Academic Press.
Hemming, C.F. 1965. Vegetation arcs in Somaliland. J. Ecol. 53: 57–68.
Hodgkinson, K.C., and Freudenberger, D.O. 1997. Production pulses and flow-ons in range-land landscapes. In Landscape ecology, function and management: principles from Australia’s rangelands, eds. J. Ludwig, D. Tongway, D. Freudenberger, J. Noble, and K. Hodgkinson, pp. 23–34. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
Kareiva, P. 1985. Finding and losing host plants by Phyllotreta: patch size and surrounding habitat. Ecology 66: 1809–1816.
Kolasa, J., and Pickett, S.T.A., eds. 1991. Ecological heterogeneity. Ecological studies 86. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Kotliar, N.B., and Wiens, J.A. 1990. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos 59: 253–260.
Ludwig, J.A., and Marsden, S.G. 1995. Modelling the impacts of climate change and degradation on semi-arid landscape systems. In Proceedings, international congress on modelling and simulation, vol. 2, Air pollution and climate, eds. P. Binning, H. Bridgman, and B. Williams, pp. 251–254. Canberra: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia.
Ludwig, J.A., and Tongway, D.J. 1995. Spatial organisation of landscapes and its function in semi-arid woodlands, Australia. Landscape Ecol. 10: 51–63.
Ludwig, J.A., and Tongway, D.J. 1996. Rehabilitation of semi-arid landscapes in Australia. II. Restoring vegetation patches. Rest. Ecol. 4: 398–406.
Ludwig, J.A., Sinclair, R.E., and Noble, LR. 1992. Embedding a rangeland simulation model within a decision support system. Math. Comp. Simul. 33: 373–378.
Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J., and Marsden, S.G. 1994. A flow-filter model for simulating the conservation of limited resources in spatially heterogeneous, semi-arid landscapes. Pac. Conserv. Biol. 1: 209–213.
Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J., and Marsden, S.G., 1999. Stripes, strands or stipples: modelling the influence of three landscape banding patterns on resource capture and productivity in semi-arid woodlands, Australia. Catena 37: 257–273.
Mabbutt, J.A. 1978. Desertification in Australia. Report 54. Kingsford, Australia: Water Research Foundation of Australia.
Mabbutt, J.A., and Fanning, P.C. 1987. Vegetation banding in arid Western Australia. J. Arid Environ. 12: 41–59.
Makridakis, S., and Wheelwright, S.C. 1978. Interactive forecasting: univariate and multivariate methods. Oakland, CA: Holden-Day.
Manning, S.J., and Barbour, M.G. 1988. Root systems, spatial patterns, and competition for soil moisture between two desert subshrubs. Am. J. Bot. 75: 885–893.
Mauchamp, A., Montana, C., Lepart, J., and Rambal, S. 1993. Ecotone dependent recruitment of a desert shrub (Flourensia cernud) in vegetation stripes. Oikos 68: 107–116.
Mauchamp, A., Rambal, S., and Lepart, J. 1994. Simulating the dynamics of a vegetation mosaic: a spatialized functional model. Ecol. Model. 71: 107–130.
Moloney, K.A., Levin, S.A., Chiariello, N.R., and Buttel, L. 1992. Pattern and scale in a serpentine grassland. Theor. Pop. Biol. 41:257–276.
Montaña, C. 1992. The colonization of bare areas in two-phase mosaics of an arid ecosystem. J. Ecol. 80: 315–327.
Mougin, E., Lo Seen, D., Rambal, S., Gaston, A., and Hiernaux, P. 1995. A regional Sahe-lian grassland model to be coupled with satellite multispectral data. 1. Description and validation. Remote Sens. Environ. 52: 181–193.
Muchow, R.C., and Bellamy, J.A., eds. 1991. Climatic risk in crop production: models and management for the semiarid tropics and subtropics. Wallingford, England: CAB International.
Nicholls, N. 1991. The El Nino southern oscillation and Australian vegetation. Vegetatio 91:23–36.
Nobel, P.S. 1980. Water vapor conductance and CO2 uptake for leaves of a C4 desert grass, Hilaria rigida. Ecology 6: 252–258.
Noy-Meir, I. 1981. Spatial effects in modelling of arid ecosystems. In arid-land ecosystems: structure, functioning and management, vol. 2, eds. D.W. Goodall and R.A. Perry, pp. 411–432. London: Cambridge University Press.
Peterjohn, W.T., and Correll, D.L. 1984. Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology 65: 1466–1475.
Pickett, S.T.A., Kolasa, J., Armesto, J.J., and Collins, S.L. 1989. The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels. Oikos 54: 129–136.
Rambal, S., and Cornet, A. 1982. Simulation de l’utilisation de l’eau et de la production végétale d’une phytocénose Sahélienne du Sénégal. Acta Oecol. Oecol. Plant. 3: 381–397.
Risser, P.G. 1987. Landscape ecology: state of the art. In Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance, ed. M.G. Turner, pp. 3–14. Ecological studies series. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Ritchie, J.T. 1972. Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover. Water Resour. Res. 8: 1204–1212.
Saunders, D.A., Hopkins, A.J.M., and How, R.A., eds. 1990. Australian ecosystems: 200 years of utilization, degradation and reconstruction. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons.
Schlesinger, W.H., and Jones, C.S. 1984. The comparative importance of overland runoff and mean annual rainfall to shrub communities of the Mojave Desert. Bot. Gaz. 145: 116–124.
Schlesinger, W.H., Fonteyn, P.J., and Reiners, W.A. 1989. Effects of overland flows on plant relations, erosion, and soil water percolation on a Mojave Desert landscape. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 1567–1572.
Schlesinger, W.H., Reynolds, J.F., Cunningham, G.L., Huenneke, L.F., Jarrell, W.M., Virginia, R.A., and Whitford, W.G. 1990. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247: 1043–1047.
Solbreck, C., and Sillen-Tullberg, B. 1986. The role of variable weather for the dynamics of a seed-seed predator system. Oecologia 41(1): 59–62.
Tongway, D.J., and Ludwig, J.A. 1990. Vegetation and soil patterning in semi-arid mulga lands of eastern Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 15: 23–34.
Tongway, D.J., and Ludwig, J.A. 1996. Rehabilitation of semi-arid landscapes in Australia. 1. Restoring productive soil patches. Rest. Ecol. 4: 388–397.
Tongway, D.J., and Ludwig, J.A. 1997a. The conservation of water and nutrients within landscape, Chapter 2. In Landscape Ecology, Function and Management: Principles from Australia’s Rangelands, eds J. Ludwig, D. Tongway, D. Freudenberger, J. Noble and K. Hodgkinson, pp. 13–22. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
Tongway, D.J., and Ludwig, J.A. 1997b. The nature of landscape dysfunction in rangelands. In Landscape ecology, function and management: principles from Australia’s range-lands, eds. J. Ludwig, D. Tongway, D. Freudenberger, J. Noble, and K. Hodgkinson, pp. 49–61. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
Turner, S.J., O’Neill, R.V., Conley, W., Conley, M.R., and Humphries, H.C. 1991. Pattern and scale statistics for landscape ecology. In Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Ecological studies 82, eds. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, pp. 17–49. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Urban, D.L., O’Neill, R.V., and Shugart, H.H. 1987. Landscape ecology. A hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. Bioscience 37: 119–127.
Walker, B.H., and Langridge, J.L. 1996. Modelling plant and soil water dynamics in semi-arid ecosystems with limited site data. Ecol. Model. 87: 153–167.
Watt, A.S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecol. 35: 1–22.
Wiens, J.A. 1984. On understanding a non-equilibrium world: myth and reality in community patterns and processes. In Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence, eds. D.R Strong, D. Simberloff, L.G. Abele, and A.B. Thistle, pp. 439–457. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Wiens, J.A., Crawford, C.S., and Gosz, JR. 1985. Boundary dynamics: a conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems. Oikos 45: 421–427.
Wiens, J.A., Addicot, J.F., Case, T.J., and Diamond, J. 1986. Overview: the importance of spatial and temporal scale in ecological investigations. In Community ecology, eds. T.J. Case, J. Diamond, J. Roughgarden, and T. Schoener, pp. 145–153. New York: Harper and Row.
Wierenga, P.J., Hendrickx, J.M.H., Nash, M.H., Ludwig, J., and Daugherty, L.A. 1987. Variation of soil and vegetation with distance along a transect in the Chihuahuan desert. J. Arid Environ. 13: 53–63.
Yair, A., and Danin, A. 1980. Spatial variations in vegetation as related to the soil moisture regime over an arid limestone hillside, northern Negev, Israel. Oecologia 47: 83–88.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mauchamp, A., Rambal, S., Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J. (2001). Multiscale Modeling of Vegetation Bands. In: Tongway, D.J., Valentin, C., Seghieri, J. (eds) Banded Vegetation Patterning in Arid and Semiarid Environments. Ecological Studies, vol 149. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0207-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0207-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6559-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0207-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive