Abstract
Under normal circumstances, a compatible relationship exists between the mouse and the extensive family of endogenous retroviruses present in the mouse genome. These retroviruses are present as proviruses in all somatic and germline cells and are inherited according to Mendelian expectations [1]. The expression of either infectious virus, or more commonly expression of certain viral proteins, is regulated to various degrees in different mouse strains. Whether the presence of these retroviruses is simply tolerated or whether they serve some selective advantage to the host is yet to be determined. Suffice it to say, however, that in certain circumstances, the compatible relationship breaks down, resulting in leukemia. Evidence now suggests that leukemia results from recombination between otherwise innocuous, endogenous viruses, to produce a virus with oncogenic potential. The following is a synopsis of our understanding of this phenomenon as well as an attempt to outline possible mechanisms by which virus-induced transformation can occur.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Stockert E, Old LJ, Boyse EA (1971) The GIX system: A cell surface alloantigen associated with murine leukemia virus implications regarding chromosomal integration of the viral genome. J Exp Med 133:1334–1355
Tanaka H, Tamura A, Tsuyimura D (1972) Properties of the intracytoplasmic A particles purified from mouse tumors. Virology 49:61–78
Bernhard W (1958) Electron microscopy of tumor cells and tumor viruses. A review. Cancer Res 18:491–509
Levy J (1973) Xenotropic viruses: Murine leukemia viruses associated with NIH Swiss, NZB, and other mouse strains. Science 182:1151–1153
Lilly R, Pincus T (1973) Genetic control of murine viral leukemogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 17:231–277
Aaronson SA, Stephenson JR (1973) Independent segregation of loci for activation of biologically distinguishable RNA C-type viruses in mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:2055–2058
Hino S, Stephenson JR, Aaronson SA (1976) Radioimmunoassays for the 70,000 molecular-weight glycoproteins of endogenous mouse type C viruses: Viral antigen expression in normal mouse tissues and sera. J Virol 18:933–941
Elder JH, Jensen FC, Bryant ML, Lerner RA (1977) Polymorphism of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of murine C-type retroviruses: Virion associated and differentiation antigens encoded by a multi-gene family. Nature 267:23–28
Gardner MB (1978) Type C viruses of wild mice: Characterization and natural history of amphotropic, ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 79:215–259
Hartley JW, Wolford NK, Old LJ, Rowe WP (1977) A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:789–792
Gross L (1951) “Spontaneous” leukemia developing in C3H mice following inoculation, in infancy, with Ak-leukemic extracts, or Ak-embryos. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 76:27–32
Rowe WP (1977) Leukemia virus genomes in the chromosomal DNA of the mouse. Harvey Lect Ser 71:173–192
Kawashima K, Ikeda H, Hartley JW, Stockert E, Rowe WP, Old LJ (1976) Changes in expression of murine leukemia virus antigens and production of xenotropic virus in the late preleukemic period in AKR mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:4680–4684
Fischinger PJ, Nomura S, Bolognesi DP (1975) A novel murine oncornavirus with dual eco- and xenotropic properties. Proc Natl Acad Aci USA 72:5150–5155
Elder JH, Gautsch JW, Jensen FC, Lerner RA, Hartley JW, Rowe WP (1977) Biochemical evidence that MCF murine leukemia viruses are envelope (env) gene recombinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4676–4680
Rommelaere J, Faller DV, Hopkins N (1978) Characterization and mapping of RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides derived from the genomes of AKV and MCF murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:495–499
Chien Y-H, Verma IM, Shih TY, Scolnick EM, Davidson N (1978) Heteroduplex analysis of the sequence relations between RNAs of mink cell focus-inducing and murine leukemia viruses. J Virol 28:352–360
Chattopadhyay SK, Cloyd MW, Linemeyer DL, Lander MR, Rands E, Lowry DR (1982) Cellular origin and role of mink cell focus-forming viruses in murine thymic lymphomas. Nature 295:25–31
Bosselman RA, Van Straaten F, Van Beveren C, Verma IM, Vogt M (1982) Analysis of the env gene of a molecularly cloned and biologically active Moloney mink cell focus-forming (MCF) proviral DNA. J Virol 44:19–31
Holland C, et al (1983) J Virol 47:413–420
Lung ML, Hartley JW, Rowe WP, Hopkins NH (1983) Large RNase Tl-resistant oligonucleotides encoding pl5E and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat distinguish two biological classes of mink cell focus-forming type C viruses of inbred mice. J Virol 45:275–290
Decleve A, Lieberman M, Kaplan HS (1977) In vivo interaction between RNA viruses isolated from the C57BL/ka strain of mice. Virology 81:270–283
Strand M, Lilly F, August JT (1974) Host control of endogenous murine leukemia virus expression: Concentrations of viral proteins in high and low leukemia mouse strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:3682–3686
Lerner RA, Wilson CB, DelVillano BC, McConahey PJ, Dixon RJ (1976) Endogenous oncornaviral gene expression in adult and fetal mice: Quantitative, histologic and physiologic studies of the major viral glycoprotein, gp70. J Exp Med 143:151–166
Elder JH, Gautsch JW, Jensen JC, Lerner RA, Chused TM, Morse HC, Hartley JW, Rowe WP (1980) Differential expression of two distinct xenotropic viruses in NZB mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 15:493–501
Johnson D, Elder J (1983) J Exp Med 159: 1751–1756
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elder, J.H. (1984). On the Role of Recombinant Retroviruses in Murine Leukemia. In: Notkins, A.L., Oldstone, M.B.A. (eds) Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5250-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5250-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9756-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5250-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive