Abstract
Although the artificial kidney was invented by Kolff in 19441 its clinical application was restricted for the next 16 years by the lack of a reliable vascular access. The breakthrough came in 1960 when Quinton, Dillard and Scribner2 introduced the teflonsilastic arteriovenous (A-V) shunt, thereby opening the door to practical chronic hemodialysis. The second major contribution in access was made in 1966 when Brescia et al.3 described the subcutaneous A-V fistula, which is still regarded as the best form of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis. In the United States in 1 year (1981), 58,770 patients with end-stage renal disease were managed by dialysis, 52,710 (nearly 90%) of them on hemodialysis, representing an increase of 3359 from the previous year. While the numbers of hemodialysis patients were increasing, only 4883 renal transplants were performed. Similarly, in Europe during a 1-year period (1980–1981) the number of patients on hemodialysis rose from 48,408 to 52,758.
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Bibliography
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References
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So, S.K.S. (1984). General Principles of Access Surgery. In: Simmons, R.L., Finch, M.E., Ascher, N.L., Najarian, J.S. (eds) Manual of Vascular Access, Organ Donation, and Transplantation. Comprehensive Manuals of Surgical Specialties. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5238-2_1
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