Abstract
To achieve academic success, students must be adept in a variety of kinds of remembering. They must remember in order to recite or to make presentations in class. They must remember in a different way in order to compose coherent and convincing papers. They must remember in yet another way in order to excel in taking tests. Furthermore, variety characterizes not only the purposes of remembering but also the content to be remembered. Students must remember information, in the form of facts, concepts, or principles. In addition, they must remember procedures of the kinds involved in constructing proofs or solving problems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, R. C. (1972). How to construct achievement tests to assess comprehension. Review of Educational Research, 42, 145–170.
Anderson, T. H. (1980). Study strategies and adjunct aids. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 483–502). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Anderson, T. H., & Armbruster, B. B. (1984). Studying. In P. D. Pearson (Ed.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 657–680). New York: Longman.
Armbruster, B. B., Echols, C. H., & Brown, A. L. (1982). The role of metacognition in reading to learn: A developmental perspective. Volta Review, 84(5), 45–56.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.
Barnett, J. E., DiVesta, F. J., & Rogozinski, J. T. (1981). What is learned in note taking? Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 181–192.
Borkowski, J. G., Carr, M., & Pressley, M. (1986). “Spontaneous” strategy use: Perspectives for metacognitive theory. Unpublished manuscript. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
Bransford, J. D., Stein, B. S., Shelton, T. S., & Owings, R. A. (1981). Cognition and adaptation: The importance of learning to learn. In J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition, social behavior and the environment (pp. 93–110). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Bretzing, B. H., & Kulhavy, R. W. (1981). Notetaking and passage style. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 242–250.
Brooks, L. W., & Dansereau, D. F. (1983). Effects of structural schema training and text organization on expository prose processing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 811–820.
Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1983). Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 1–14.
Brown, A. L., & Palincsar, A. S. (1982). Inducing strategic learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, 2, 1–17.
Brown, A. L., Bransford, J. D., Ferrara, R. A., & Campione, J. C. (1983). Learning, remembering, and understanding. In J. H. Flavell & E. H. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Cognitive development (Vol. 3, pp. 77–176). New York: Wiley.
Brown, A. L., Campione, J., & Barclay, C. R. (1979). Training self checking routines for estimating test readiness: Generalization from list learning to prose recall. Child Development, 50, 501–512.
Brown, A. L., Campione, J., & Day, J. D. (1981). Learning to learn: On training students to learn from texts. Educational Researcher, 10(2), 14–21.
Brown, A. L., Smiley, S. S., & Lawton, S. W. C. (1978). The effects of experience on the selection of suitable retrieval cues for studying texts. Child Development, 49, 829–835.
Butkowsky, I. S., & Willows, D. M. (1980). Cognitive-motivational characteristics of children varying in reading ability: Evidence for learned helplessness in poor readers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 408–422.
Carrier, C. A., & Titus, A. (1981). Effects of notetaking pretraining and test mode expectations on learning from lectures. American Educational Research Journal, 18, 385–397.
Covington, M. V. (1984). The motive for self worth. In R. E. Ames & C. Ames (Eds.), Motivation in education (pp. 78–113). New York: Academic Press.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671–684.
Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 268–294.
Dempster, F. N., & Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1974). Component analysis of the elaborative encoding effect in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 400–408.
Diener, C. I., & Dweck, C. S. (1978). An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance strategy and achievement cognitions following failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 451–462.
Diener, C. I., & Dweck, C. S. (1980). An analysis of learned helplessness: II. The processing of success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 940–952.
d’Ydewalle, G., Swerts, A., & De Corte, E. (1983). Study time and test performance as a function of test expectations. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 55–67.
Entwistle, N. J. (1985). A model of the teaching-learning process derived from research on student learning. Paper presented at the International Conference on Cognitive Processes in Student Learning, July, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, England.
Entwistle, N. J., & Ramsden, P. (1983). Understanding student learning. New York: Nichols Publishing Co.
Flavell, J. H., & Wellman, H. M. (1977). Metamemory. In R. Kail, Jr. & J. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition (pp. 3–33). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Glover, J. A., Plake, B. S., Roberts, B., Zimmer, J. W., & Palmere, M. (1981). Distinc tiveness of encoding: The effects of paraphrasing and drawing inferences on memory from prose. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 736–744.
Glover, J. A., Plake, B. S., & Zimmer, J. W. (1982). Distinctiveness of encoding and memory for learning tasks. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 189–198.
Hakstian, A. R. (1971). The effects of type of examination anticipated on test preparation and performance. Journal of Educational Research, 64, 319–324.
Jacoby, L. L. (1983). Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 22, 485–508.
Kiewra, K. A. (1985). Investigating notetaking and review: A depth of processing alternative. Educational Psychologist, 20, 23–32.
Krause, A. J., & Borkowski, J. G. (1984). Attributions, intrinsic motivation, and metamemory: Determinants of strategic behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
Kuhl, J. (1985). Volitional mediators of cognition-behavior consistency: Self-regulatory processes and action versus state orientation. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckman (Eds.), Action control. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Kulhavy, R. W., Dyer, J. W., & Silver, L. (1975). The effects of notetaking and test expectancy on the learning of text material. Journal of Educational Research, 68, 363–365.
Kurtz, B. E., & Borkowski, J. G. (1984). Children’s metacognition: Exploring relations among knowledge process and motivational variables. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, 335–354.
Loman, N. L., & Mayer, R. E. (1983). Signaling techniques that increase the understandability of expository prose. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 402–412.
Mayer, R. E., Dyck, J. L., & Cook, L. K. (1984). Techniques that help readers build mental models from scientific text: Definitions pretraining and signaling. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1089–1105.
McDaniel, M. A., & Kearny, E. M. (1984). Optimal learning strategies and their spontaneous use: The importance of task-appropriate processing. Memory and Cognition, 12, 361–373.
McDaniel, M. A., Friedman, A., Bourne, L. E., Jr. (1978). Remembering the levels of information in words. Memory and Cognition, 6, 156–164.
McDaniel, M. A., & Pressley, M. (1984). Putting the keyword method in context. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 598–609.
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519–533.
O’Sullivan, J. T., & Pressley, M. (1984). Completeness of instruction and strategy transfer. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 275–288.
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117–175.
Paris, S. G., Lipson, M. Y., & Wixson, K. K. (1983). Becoming a strategic reader. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 293–316.
Pearl, R., Bryan, T., & Herzog, A. (1983). Learning disabled and nondisabled children’s strategy analyses under high and low success conditions. Learning Disability Quarterly, 6, 67–74.
Postman, L. (1964). Short-term memory and incidental learning. In A. W. Melton (Ed.), Categories of human learning. New York: Academic Press.
Pressley, M., & Ahmad, M. (1986). Transfer of imagery-based mnemonics by adult learners. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 50–60.
Pressley, M., Borkowski, J. G., & O’Sullivan, J. T. (1984). Memory strategy instruction is made of this: Metamemory and durable strategy use. Educational Psychologist, 19, 94–107.
Pressley, M., Borkowski, J. G., & O’Sullivan, J. T. (1985). Children’s metamemory and the teaching of memory strategies. In D. L. Forrest-Pressley, G. E. MacKinnon, & T. G. Waller (Eds.), Metacognition, cognition & human performance: Vol. 1. Theoretical perspectives (pp. 111–153). New York: Academic Press.
Pressley, M., Borkowski, J. G., & Schneider, W. (in press-a). Good strategy users coor dinate metacognition, strategy use and knowledge. In R. Vasta & G. Whitehurst (Eds.), Annals of child development (Vol. 4). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & Delaney, H. D. (1982). The mnemonic keyword method. Review of Educational Research, 52, 61–91.
Pressley, M., Levin, J., & McDaniel, M. (in press-b). Remembering versus inferring what a word means: Mnemonic and contextual approaches. In M. G. McKeown & M. E. Curtis (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associ ates.
Rickards, J. P., & Friedman, F. (1978). The encoding versus the external storage hypothesis in note-taking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 3, 136–143.
Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1973). Elaboration and learning in childhood and adolescence. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 8). New York: Academic Press.
Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1980). An elaborative conception of learner differences. In R. E. Snow, P-A. Federico, & W. E. Montague (Eds.), Aptitude, Learning and Instruction (Vol. 2, pp. 23–46). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1984). An invitation to a developmental psychology of studying. In F. J. Morrison, C. A. Lord, & D. P. Keating (Eds.), Advances in applied developmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 75–114). New York: Academic Press.
Schunk, D. H. (1984). Self-efficacy perspective on achievement behavior. Educational Psychologist, 19, 48–58.
Thomas, J. W., & Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1986). Academic studying: The role of learning strategies. Educational Psychologist, 21, 19–41.
Tulving, E. (1982). Synergistic ecphory in recall and recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 36, 130–147.
Van Rossum, E. J., & Schenk, S. M. (1984). The relationship between learning conception, study strategy and learning outcome. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 73–83.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weiner, B. (1976). An attributional approach for educational psychology. In L. S. Shulman (Ed.), Review of educational research 4. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rohwer, W.D., Thomas, J.W. (1987). The Role of Mnemonic Strategies in Study Effectiveness. In: McDaniel, M.A., Pressley, M. (eds) Imagery and Related Mnemonic Processes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4676-3_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4676-3_20
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9111-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4676-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive