Abstract
The drylands, referred to in this review as arid and semiarid lands, as well as subhumid lands prone to drought, are widely distributed in China. The arid and semiarid areas cover 52.2% of its total (arid area 30.8% and semiarid area 21.4%), based on either precipitation of 400mm as the rainfall line or 1.5 aridity (defined as evaporation/precipitation). Although the arid and semiarid areas occupy a wide range of the total lands, the arable portion of these areas is much less, only 30 million ha, about 30% of the total arable land in China. Together with the subhumid area, 74.24% of the total area of the country falls into this category of drylands (Working Committee of Natural Regionalization, Academia Sinica, 1959); these are mainly distributed in north China, including 15 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions with a population of 140 million, representing 17% of the total population of the country. As the lands in most of these areas cannot be irrigated, rainfed agriculture remains the main system of farming. The development of agriculture in these vast areas is very important for the national economy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramova, M.M., A.F. Bolshakov, N.S. Oreshken, and M.M. Roge. 1956. Evaporation of mobile water from soil. Soil Sci. 2: 27–41 (in Russian).
Agricultural Institute, Chengde Region, Heibei Province. 1962. An investigation summary account for soil water state and conservation of moisture and protection of seedlings by tillage methods in Chengde region, Hebei province. J. Soil Sci. 5: 21–27.
Agricultural Ministry of Zhangjiakou Region, Hebei province. 1983. Developing agriculture according to dryland farming properties. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1, pp. 169–175. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Ansai Experimental Area of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwestern Institute of Soil and Water Conservation and the Ansai County Government, Ansai Comprehensive Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Academia Sinica, 1990. The structure model and practice on ecological agriculture with soil and water conservation. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 1, pp. 13–27. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Beiheying Agricultural Brigade Experimental Station, Hebei Province. 1973. Abundant harvest by changing production conditions in hilly drylands and by irrigation from pumping water, Proceedings of Fighting Against Drought in the North China Area. pp. 116–121. Agricultural Information Press. Xian.
Brady, N.C. 1974. The nature and properties of soils, 8th edn. pp. 240–251. Macmillan, New York.
Brown, L.R., and E.C. Wolf. 1984. Soil erosion: quiet crisis in the World economy, p. 49. World Watch Paper 60, World Watch Institute. Washington, D.C.
Cao Xuechang. 1987. Manure fertilizer on dryland wheat crop. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dryland Farming, vol. 2, pp. 402–404. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Cao Yinzhen. 1981. The machanism and prediction of gravitational erosion. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 4: 19–23.
Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur. 1988. Progress in Arid Zone Research (1952–1987), pp. 3–15. Jodhpur, India.
Central Meteorological Bureau. 1979. Climate Atlas of the People’s Republic of China (Zhonghuarenmin gongheguo qihou tuji), pp. 3–4 and 222–223. Map Publishing House. Beijing.
Chang Caie, Jiang Dingsheng, Liu Mei, Huang Guojun, and Fan Xingke. 1989. An approach to the redistribution laws of precipitation on convex and concave hillslopes. Acta Conservationis Soli et Aquae Sinica 2: 36–44.
Chen Changyu. 1990. The suitable areas in oasis and cultivated lands and preventive measures against sand disasters in Hexi Corridor. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 30–37.
Chen Guoliang. 1983. The agricultural climate resource in loess plateau and its rational use. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1, pp. 82–89. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Chen Jimin. 1987. Effect of vegetation cover of trees on Ziwuling in controlling loss of soil and water. Soil Water Cons. China 5: 8–10.
Chen Lizhi, Xia Zhenglian, and Wu Shengjun. 1989. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in China. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 380–389. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Chen Lunshou, Mao Daru, and Zhang Chendong. 1990. Several technical problems with respect to recommended (formulated) fertilization. Soils 22: 169–172.
Chen Peiyuan. 1983. Two ecological types of drought-resistant wheat varieties and their physical properties. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 17–21. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Chen Yongzong. 1988. Current Erosion and Control of Loess Plateau (Huangtu gaoyuan xiandai qinshu yu zhili), pp. 5–6, 31–53, 115–137, 183–192. Science press, Beijing.
Chen Wenrui, and Zhang Jixian. 1962. Moisture status in shifting sand dunes and sand stabilization through afforestation. Sand Control Res. 4: 246–254.
Chen Zhimin. 1986. The effect of some crop stalks used as fertilizer on crop yield increase and soil improvement. Soil Fertilizer. 4: 25–29.
Chen Longheng. 1963. Development of Sand Dune soil in Baijia Beach Region, Hedong, Ningxiao. J. Soil Sci. 3: 26–32.
Chen Longhen, and Chen Wenrui, 1965. Soil formation on the natural fixed sand in southwestern Tenggeili desert. Sand Control Res. 1: 98–108.
Cheng Suyun, Qiao Cunfang, Han Guangmin, and Guo Xiaodong. 1987. The effect of fertilizer application upon the improvement of soil moisture productive efficiency in wheat on the drylands. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 58–65.
Ci Longjun. 1963. Water Conservancy Study. Sand Control Res. No. 5.
Contributing Committee of Natural Geography of China, Academia Sinica. 1981. China’s natural geography (Zhongguo ziran dili), vol. 1, pp. 187–412; vol. 2. pp. 21–31, 56–92. Science Press. Beijing.
Contributing Group of China’s Comprehensive Agricultural Regionalization, National Agricultural Regionalization Committee. 1981. China’s Comprehensive Agricultural Regionalization (Zhongguo zonghe nongye quhua), pp. 56–68, 227–237’, and 294–316. Agricultural Publishing House. Beijing.
Cui Yunpeng. 1990. Suggestions for arrangements of engineering project system of comprehensive conservation of water and soil in small watershed of gully areas on Weibei highland. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 210–214. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Cui Wencai. 1975. Construction of high and stable yield farmlands. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology No. 4.
Cui Wencai. 1976. The properties of Xingjiang hardened and impervious soil (desert soil) and its amelioration and utilization. Soils 1: 20–25.
Dai Yutang. 1990. Effect of straw mulching orchards on hilly sloping lands. Agri. Res. Arid Areas 1: 43–48.
Dang Tongqi. 1986. Straw mulch tillage, yield increase and soil fertility improvement. Commun. Agric. Techn. 11: 26–27.
Dang Tongqi. 1987. The effect of crop stalk mulching on the increase of crop yields and improvement of soil fertility. Soil Fertilizer 3: 40–42.
Deng Xinmin. 1990. A study on the effects of N and P fertilizers upon yields of alfalfa production. Agric. Res. Arid Areas supplement, 65–70.
Desert Research Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Glacier and Frozen Earth, Academia Sinica. 1976. China’s Desert and its Control. Scientia Sinica No. 4–5.
Desert Research Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Glacier and Frozen Earth, Academia Sinica. 1977. Control and Management of Sand Disasters of Arable Lands (Nongtian shahaide fangzhi), pp. 19–62, 85–95, and 103–119. Science Press.
Dhar, N.A. 1933. Photonitrification in soil. Soil Sci. No. 35.
Ding Yonghuang. 1983. Some problems on agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds;) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1, pp. 72–81. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Dingxi Agricultural Institute. 1983. Investigation on the problem of dryland rotation in Dingxi region. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 287–289. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Dong Yanqing, Zhang Jitao, Zhangsun Zhengpeng, and Li Junhou. 1991. Agronomical efficiency of furrow seeding in marginal farmland and study on coupling implements. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 32–39.
Du Bangqing. 1987. Investigation on benefits of terraced fields in Daping village of Dingxi county. Soil and Water Conservation in China 3: 32–33.
Du Xintian, and Sun Dunren. 1983. Studies on the way to increase crop yields on the drylands of Henan province. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1. pp. 176–181. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Du Xuanwen. 1984. The preliminary research on minimum-tillage on drylands. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 3:2.
Du Yibin. 1987. An approach of controlling soil and water erosion in Taipinggou catchment. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 227–282. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Economic Geography Research Group, Geography Institute, Academia Sinica. 1985. An Outline of Agricultural Geography of China (Zhongguo nongnie dili zonglun), pp. 337–421. Science Press. Beijing.
Forest Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1972. Techniques for Afforestation to Stabilize Sands. Inner Mongolia People’s Publishing House.
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science. 1983a. Millet, a crop suitable for planting in dryland areas in middle Gansu. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 194–195. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science. 1983b. The effects of seeding millet in furrows and the reason for yield increase. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 200–202. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Gansu Agricultural Ministry. 1983. Taking correct ideas, regulating agricultural structure and adopting science to develop dryland farming. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1, pp. 100–107. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Gao Jishan. 1987. Investigation of loss of soil and water in Zang Autonomous Prefecture of Gannan. Soil and Water Conservation in China 6: 27–29.
Gao Jixiang, and Xu Qiang. 1987. The analysis and forecast of planting production in dry and wind erosion area of Yan, Tong, Xiang mountain region. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 231–234. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Gao Shiming, and Ma Tianen. 1987. Effects of plastic ground covering during the whole growing period in dryland spring wheat. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 269–371. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Geng Kuanhong. 1961. The preliminary result of stabilization of sand by sand obstacles made from clay soil in Minle. Geography 5: 200–205.
Gong Jiake. 1984. Studies of the effect of wheat chaff mulching on protection of seedlings and yield increasing in heavy saline soils. Soil Fertilizer 4: 7–10.
Gong Zitong, Lei Wenjing, and Chen Hongzho. 1988. Aridsols of China. Arid Zone Res. 2: 1–9.
Gou Yangping, and Ji Huan. 1989. Crop stalk mulch can increase wheat yield. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology 1: 22.
Gou Zhiquan, Ma Tianchang, and Pei Shuying, 1990. An experimental report on cultivation of three forage crops. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 198–200. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Grain Crop Institute, Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1983. Studies on methods for sowing maize in order to resist drought in Weibei dryland. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 299–303. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Greenland, D.J. 1978. In Plenary papers, vol. 2. 11th International Congress of Soil Science. Edmonton, Canada.
Guangzhou Earthquate Brigade, Institute of National Earthquate Bureau. 1977. An Outline of Global Structure of China, pp. 3–11, 14–22, 33–37. Science Press.
Guan Zi. Zhou Dynasty. Diyuanpian (A chapter dealing with soil distribution and its propeties, interpretated by Xia Weiying), pp. 1–107. Printed in 1958. China’s Publishing House.
Guo Tingfu, and Gao Bowen. 1982. Water and Soil Conservation (Shitu baochi), pp. 23–96. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Han Siming, Yang Chunfeng, Shi Juntong, and Pang Huancheng. 1988. Stubble mulching in dryland on the loess plateau in China. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 3: 1–12.
Han Siming, Shi Juntong, Yang Chunfeng, and Li Feixiong. 1987. Research on drought-resistant tillage on dryland of Weibei Highland in Shaanxi Province. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 149–163. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Han Zhongkui. 1990. Cultivation methods of mulched corn. In: Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2, pp. 161–167. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Hartge, K.H. 1986. Demands on soils increasing in diversity and intensity. Transactions of the XIII Congress of International Society of Soil Science, vol. 1, pp. 1–12. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Hou Guangjiong, Zhu Lianqing, and Li Lianjie. 1935. The report on soil survey in Ding County, Hebei Province. Soil Bull. 13: 1–57.
Hou Guangjiong, Li Xiaopin, Liu Zhongchen, Hu Bangyou, Hu Huaizhou, Deng Xuepin, Zhang Xulin, and Li Zhenjiang. 1987. Soil erosion and sediment deposition is the principal origin of the soil and water resources to be suffered from devastation. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 6: 1–4.
Hou Lingsheng, Li Xunmin, and Liu Weijin. 1987. A complete set of cultural techniques based on plowing and subsoiling at intervals for maize on infertile rainfed land. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 364–365. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Hou Xilu, and Cao Qingyu, 1990. Study on the benefits of plants to reduce sediment in the loess rolling region of north Shaaxi. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 2: 33–40.
Hou Zhongtian, and Tang Defu. 1984. Dryland Farming (Handi nongye), pp. 27–49, 126–136, and 227–259. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Publishing House.
Huang Jouchang, Wang Bangxi, Wang Hui, Zhang Xiaoping, and Zhao Daqian. 1990. Effects of supplementary water supply on wheat yield and water use efficiency in arid areas. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 105–109.
Hua Tianmao, Li Changwei, Li Huitao, Zou Jianbin, and Hu Tianmin. 1990. Research on the rational application of fertilizers to winter wheat on rainfed farmlands. Agric. Res. Arid Areas supplement, 49–56.
Huguan Agricultural Department of Shanxi. 1983. Successive abundant millet harvests obtained in Jinzhuang brigade by adopting organic dryland farming. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 175–178. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Huang Peiyong. 1983. Gravel mulch lands in Gansu province. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 125–129. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Hu Luhao, Jing Qingyuan, Yang Gang, and Hu Guancai. 1989. The effects of continuous application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the increase of wheat and millet yields. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 397–409. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Institute of Forestry, Academy of Shaanxi Forestry Sciences. 1972. Forest and Agriculture (Senlin yu nongnie), pp. 18–25. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Institute of Forestry, Academy of Shaanxi Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. 1976. Narrow Benches with Gentle Slope Declining Inward. China’s Forestry Sciences.
Jiang Bofan. 1990. Chemical behavior of soil phosphorus and testing of soil available phosphorus. Soils 22: 181–183.
Jiang Deqi, and Zhu Xianmo. 1963. Water and soil conservation. A Collection of Works of Agricultural Soil of China, pp. 384–440. Shanghai Science and Technology Press.
Jiang Dingsheng, Liu Meimei, and Huang Guojun. 1987. An initial approach to the redistribution laws of precipitation on convex and concave hillslopes. Bull. Soil Water Conservation 7: 45–50.
Jiang Dingsheng, and Fan Xingke. 1990. On the benefits and optimal disposition for measures of soil and water conservation in hilly and gully region in the Loess Plateau. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 1, pp. 88–101. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jiang Dingsheng, Jia Zhiwei, and Liu Zhi. 1990. Study on relation between precipitation and landform and soil erosion in slopeland. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 1, pp. 77–87. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jiang Jun, and Wang Lixiang. 1990. Potential of rainfall productivity for major food crops in different rainfall regimes in South Ningxia. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 55–61.
Jiang Zhongshan, and Liu Zhi. 1989. Effect of rainfall factors and slope on splash erosion. Acta Conservations Soli et Aquae Sinica 2: 29–35.
Jiang Zhongshan, and Liu Zhi. 1990a. Effect of natural raindrop impact on loess crust, infiltration and erosion. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 115–121. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jiang Zhongshan, and Liu Zhi. 1990b. The statistics and analysis in quantitative soil erosion study. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 150–154. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jiang Yuan. 1980. Amelioration of Aeolian Soil (Fengshatude gailiang), pp. 25–27. Agricultural Press. Beijing.
Jia Houli, and Qian Guangshu. 1990. Study on mulberry as water conservation agent at reclaimed arable land at Shaanbei. In Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2, pp. 261–268. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Jia Rong. Han Dynasty. Three tactics for control of rivers. In: Hanshu (A historical book of the Han Dynasty written by Ban Gu in Han Dynasty), vol. 29, records of gullies and rivers. New copy printed by China’s Publishing House in 1962. p. 1692.
Jia Zhiwei, Jiang Zhongshan, and Liu Zhi. 1990. Study on relationship between rainfall characteristics and the loss of soil and water. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 107–114. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jin Rongwan. 1987. The study on basic theory and application techniques of zero and minimum-tillage. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 381–384. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Jin Shäoling. 1989. Balanced fertilization of spring wheat in the Hexi Corridor. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 179–184. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Jin Shenlin, Wang Shanrong, Zhang Xiwen, and Song Dianzhen. 1987. A study on the path of raising grain yield stability in the subhumid region apt to drought. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 377–380. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Bicheng, Li Rui, Ma Xiaoyun, and Wang Yuru. 1990a. Establishment and application of an information system of soil and water conservation in a small catchment. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 214–220. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Bicheng, Lu Zhiwel, Ma Xiaoyun, Wang Jijun, and Wang Peisen. 1990b. The Strategic plan and forecasting on the social and economical development of Ansai county. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 2: 1–7.
Li Changwei, Zhao Boshan, Hua Tianmao, and Li Huitao. 1987. Some matter of fertilization in Weibai dryland region. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 408–411. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Duren. 1983. Studies on the yield-increasing techniques of conserving and pumping soil water by compacting soil before sowing. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 223–229. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Li Duren. 1984. The effect of soil compaction before sowing on crop yield increase. Shanxi Agricultural Science 1: 2.
Li Duren. 1986. Studies of the effect of wheat field subsoiling on crop yield increase and soil moisture conservation. Soil Fertilizer 3: 1–5.
Li Duren, Gao Xuke, Wang Deshui, Wand Xiaobin, and Zeng Lingwen. 1987. A study on the effect of subsoiling on soil water storage and rainfed wheat yields in southeastern Shanxi. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 342–346. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Fengqi, Zhang Bo, and Fan Zhimin. 1983. Preliminary investigation on the drought-resistant farming experience in ancient times. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 18–33. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Li Guangyue. 1987. A study of stalks returning to fields and suitable tillage operations. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 390–391. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Guihua. 1963. Studies on the amelioration of white hardened and impervious soil (desert soil) by summer plowing. A Collection of Works of Xinjiang Soil Science Society Xinjing People’s Publishing House.
Li Guihua. 1965. Summer plowing, an important measure for resistance of drought and increase of yields. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences 7: 266.
Li Hongen, and Yang Yunlian. 1965. Effect of summer plowing on the winter wheat. Acta Pedologica Sinica 13: 404–410.
Li Kairong, and Wang Youmin. 1990. Water regime on artificial locust forest land in the Loess Plateau. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 56–64. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Li Like. 1986. Studies of the effect of compacting wheat fields in east loess plateau. Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences 6: 37–38.
Li Maosong. 1987. Regionalized zones and their evaluation of the rainfed agricultural in North China. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 68–78. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Mingang, Gao Shangwu, Zhang Hanhao, Zhang Jingye, Hu Keqin, Han Jiong, Zhao Tianxi, and Wang Kangfu. 1963. Experiment summary of stabilization of sands by afforestation. Sand Control Res. 5: 19–36.
Li Minggang. 1980. The principles and measures of shifting-sand fixation on both sides of railways. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu), pp. 27–49. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Ling Yuquan. 1980. The protective efficiency of grass checkboard-barriers. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu), pp. 49–59. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Li Rengang, Wang Kewu, Fan Jingzhong, Sun Zhuxuan, Li Bingshen. 1990. Preliminary studies on fertilization pattern for winter wheat. Soils 22: 210–211.
Li Rui, B.A. Harrison, and D.L.B. Jupp. 1990. Using remote sensing to map landform and cover in the Loess Plateau, China. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 221–226. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1976a. The effects of organic fertilizer by base application and by dressing on wheat yields and fertilizer efficiency. In: Shaanxi Agricultural Ministry (ed.) Selected Works of the Shaaxi Agricultural Science and Technology, pp. 83–85. Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1976b. The effects of fertilizer application time on wheat yields. In: Shaanxi Agricultural Ministry (ed.) Selected Works of the Shaaxi Agricultural Science and Technology, pp. 78–82. Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1976c. Increasing fertilizer efficiency by deep application. In: Shaanxi Agricultural Ministry (ed.) Selected Works of the Shaaxi Agricultural Science and Technology, pp. 73–76. Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1978. Rational application of phosphate fertilizer to wheat, part I. Acta Collegii Septentrionali Occidentali Agriculturae 1: 77–85.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1979. Rational application of phosphate fertilizer to wheat, part II. Acta Collegii Septentrionali Occidentali Agriculturae 1: 55–99.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, Li Changwei, and Li Shiqing. 1988a. Some factors influencing the effect of phosphatic fertilizer on pea. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 56–63.
Li Shengxiu, Li Changwei, and Zhao Boshan. 1988b. The effect of N fertilizer on the efficiency of P fertilizer in several legume and non-legume plants. J. Soil Sci. 17: 268–271.
Li Shengxiu, Xiao Junzhang, and Cheng Suyun. 1988. Soil water management on drylands in China. In: Unger, P.W., Sneed, T.V., Jordan, W.R., Jensen, R. (eds.) Challenges in Dryland Agriculture—A Global Perspective (Proceedings of the International Conference on Dryland farming. August 15–19, 1988. Amarillo/Bushland, Texas U.S.A.), pp. 201–204. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.
Li Shengxiu, Xiao Junzhang, and Cheng Suyun. 1989. On Dryland water management in China. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 1–10.
Li Shengxiu, and Zhao Boshan. 1990. The effect of soil nitrogen supplying capacity on phosphate fertilizer efficiency for some legume and non-legume crops. Soil Fertilizers 4: 19–23.
Li Shengxiu, Fu Huifang, Yuan Hulin, and Xiao Junzhong. 1990a. Comparison of several methods reflecting the nitrogen supplying power in rainfed land soils. Soils 22: 190–193.
Li Shengxiu, Zhao Boshan, and Li Changwei. 1990b. The effect of N, P and organic manure application on the N-fixing performance of leguminous crops. J. Soil Sci. 21:13–15.
Li Shengxiu. 1991. Some factors affecting pea response to N fertilizers. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 1–10.
Li Shujiang, and Xu Shouming. 1987. The function of crop straw and stubble in supplement of soil organic matter. Soil Fertilizer 4: 14–16.
Li Shengxiu, and Zhao Boshan. 1991. Proposals for rational fertilization of arid soil in China. Chinese J. Soil Sci. 22 (4): 145–148.
Li Ying, and Lu Dianqing. 1991. Effect of fertilization on wheat yield and its quality in wheat-producing region on Weibei rainfed highland. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 1–9.
Li Yongtang. 1966. Some drought-resistant methods for soil preparation in Inner Mongolia Automonous Region. Tillage Fertilizer 2: 9–11.
Li Yu, and Li Shanxing. 1987. On the technical ways to carry out water-saving farming and dry farming from drought and shotage of water in Heilongang region of Hebei Province. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 114–123. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Li Yuanfang, Hu Jisheng, Ning Guozhan, Wu Yuying, Huang Yanling, and Yu Daiguan. 1984. Studies of the effect of wrapping legume forage seeds in a granular form with Rhizobium-containing material for airplane sowing. Soil Fertilizer 2: 27–28.
Li Yushan. 1962. Water regime in Loessial soil and crop growth. Acta Pedologica Sinica 10: 289–304.
Li Yushan. 1982. The relationship between soil water dynamics and wheat production. Shaanxi Agricultural Science 2: 5–8.
Li Yushan. 1983. Evaluation of agricultural field moisture on Weibei dryland and the way to raise water production efficiency of dryland farming. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 70–77. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Li Yushan, Zhang Xiaozhong, and Guo Minhang. 1990. The field experiments on the field-response of crops to water and fertilizer in the south of the Loess Plateau. Acta Pedologica Sinica 27: 1–7.
Li Zongxin. 1984. The effect of plastic film mulch in hilly area and some notes. Commun. Agric. Sci. Techn. 1: 12–13.
Liang Hongru. 1984. Water and soil conserving tillage and measures for conversion of soil and water loss on slopy lands. Soil Fertilizer 1: 11–19.
Liang Waylea, Liu Hanli, and Hu Hengjui. 1987. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on water use efficiency of dryland wheat. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 412–414. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liang Yachao, Yu Guixia, Yang Dianrong, and Liu Qingjiang. 1990. A study of the machanism of maize cultivated with plastic film cover for water storage and moisture conservation. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 27–32.
Liang Zhenji. 1990. An analysis of soil moisture productive potential in winter wheat on Weibei Loess Plateau. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 12–17.
Liao Ciyuan, Jiang Jin, and Qian Taitao. 1980. The studies on the selection of sand binder species and their characterics. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu), pp. 60–120. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Liaoning Institute for Water and Soil Conservation. 1983. The tillage techniques for preservation of soil water against drought and protecting plants. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 257–264. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Lin Bao, and Li Jiakang. 1989. The development of chemical fertilizers in the past fifty years and balanced fertilization. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 43–51. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Lin Yuquan, and Zou Bengong. 1984. The function of railings in preventing sand accumulation in their frontlines. J. Desert Res. 3.
Liu Bingzheng, Zei Mingzhu, and Wu Faqi. 1990a. The preliminary study on gully erosion on Weibei Highland. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 215–223. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Liu Bingzheng, Wu Faqi, and Chen Jiming. 1990b. A preliminary study on the reduction of soil fertility and productivity by water erosion on the Weibei highland. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 236–247. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Liu Bingzheng, and Chen Jiming. 1990. Erosion by rainstorm and water and soil conservation in Nihe gully. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 224–229. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Liu Dongsheng. 1964. Loess soils in the middle part of Yellow River Valley (Huanghe zhongyou huangtu), pp. 181–185. Science Press, Beijing.
Liu Fa, Wang Keyu, and Liu Yinghua. 1983. Effect of direct application of wheat straw on the improvement of soil and increase of yield in high-latitude frost region. Soils 15: 175–178.
Liu Gengling. 1989. Food production and balanced fertilization in China. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 16–21. Agricultural Preess, Beijing.
Liu Goubin, Song Lian, Wang Zhangyao, and Guan Yanning. 1990. The classification of grassland in Ansai County by using false color photo and study on the growth dynamics of locusts in the Loess Plateau. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 355–363. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Goubin, and Yang Xiaoying. 1990. A study on laws of formation of biomass and nutritive substance for Astragalus. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 328–338. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Xunhao, and Han Xianglin. 1987. China farming system regionalization (Zhongguo Gengzuo zhidu quhao), pp. 1–31, 25–49, 94–96. Beijing Agricultural University Publishing House.
Liu Mei, Jiang Dingsheng, Huang Guojun, Fan Xingke, and Chang Caie. 1990. An analysis to the differences of soil water in varied places of hillslopes. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 2: 16–20.
Liu Pengsheng. 1963. Manural soils in Guanzhong. I. The formation of manural soil and its fertility development, pp. 46–55. Selected Works of the Shaanxi Soil Science Society.
Liu Pengsheng. 1987. Selected Papers on the Agricultural Use of Slag from Power Stations, pp. 75–86.Northwestern Agricultural University Press.
Liu Pengsheng. 1989a. Slag from power stations is a good soil amendment with multiple effects. In: Liu Pengsheng (ed.) Collection Papers Studying Soil, pp. 148–178. Tianze Eldonjo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Pengsheng. 1989b. Experimental report of the effect of slag from power stations on cotton growth and yields. In: Liu Pengsheng (ed.) Collection of Papers Studying Soil, pp. 179–193. Tianze Eldonjo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Pengsheng. 1989c. The effect of slag from power stations on soil amelioration. In: Liu Pengsheng (ed.) Collection of Papers Studying Soil, pp. 194–205. Tianze Eldonjo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Shu, and Shi Qinghui. 1980. The studies on the density and arrangements of sand binders. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu), pp. 121–153. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Liu Shuangan. 1984. Attention of harrowing, smoothing, rolling and hoeing in dryland farming. Commun. Agric. Sci. Techn. 1:9.
Liu Xinmin, Wu Zuoqi, Wang Honglou, and Ren Aicheng. 1982. Studies on controlling desertification of north part of Linzei oasis, Gansu province. J. Desert Res. 3: 9–15.
Liu Xueren. 1984. The effects of harrowing, smoothing and compacting of wheat fields in winter and spring on moisture conservation. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 1: 37.
Liu Yingxin, and Yang Xilin. 1980. Studies on elevating survival rate of sand- fixing plants and accelerating their growth. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu). pp. 179–204. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Liu Yingxin. 1988. Phyto-reclamation of sand dunes in Northwest, North, and Northeast of China. J. Desert Res. 4: 11–18.
Liu Yumin. 1962. The development of sandy soils in Caidam Basin. J. Soil Sci. 4: 45–48.
Liu Zengxiang. 1965. Nitrogen deficiency in Xinjiang agriculture methods of solution. J. Soil Sci. 1: 24–28.
Liu Zengwen, and Wang Youmin. 1990. Water consumption by transpiration and water characteristics on artificial forest land of Pinus tabulaeformis. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 89–96. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Liu Zhi, and Jiang Zhongshan. 1990a. Application of microcomputer to data processing and management of sediment-runoff in the S WC field. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 145–149. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Zhi, and Jiang Zhongshan. 1990b. Microcomputer mapping of digital topographic elements. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 275–281. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Liu Zhi, and Jiang Zhongshan. 1988. Study on natural raindrop impacting effects on loess crusting of upland. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 1: 62–64.
Liu Zhongmin, and Deng Xiping. 1983. A preliminary report on the effect of millet yield increase by mulching tillage in semi-arid and temperate-cool regions. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 206–209. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Liu Ziyu. 1990. Plant nutrition diagnosis in retrospect and in prospect. Soils 22: 173–176.
Lu Buwei. Warring States. Lu’s Spring and Autumn, vol. 154, p. 500. Shanghai Ancient Literature Publishing House. Printed in 1987.
Lu Dianqing, and Li Yin. 1987. Enhancement of the rate of nitrogen utilization for increasing wheat production on Loess Plateau. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 236–248. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Lu Dingqing, Li Ying, and Tan Wenlan. 1989. Wheat response to N and P balanced fertilization and the factors affecting the response in Shaanxi loess region. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 317–324. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Lu Dingqing. 1990. Study on a technical system of recommended fertilization and its use in northwestern China. Soils 22: 201–204.
Lu Zhiwei, Wang Jijun, Wang Peisen, and Kang Zhangpeng. 1990. Study on the planning and forecasting of input and output in the small watershed of Zifanggou in Ansai County. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 236–241. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Lu Zongfan, Su Min, and Zhang Xingchang. 1990a. Study on yield increasing system with soil and water conservation in hilly gullied region in the Loess Plateau. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol, 1, pp. 100–105. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Lu Zongfan, Su Ming, Li Gouxia, Zhang Junfeng, Li Ming, and Feng Fu. 1990b. Study on grass and bush and tillage measures to conserve soil and water in loess region. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies ori Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 11–12. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Lu Zongfan, Su Ming, Li Gouxia, Zhang Junfeng, Li Ming, and Feng Yu. 1990c. An experiment report on corn with ground plastics film in the hilly gully region, North of Shaanxi. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Region, vol. 2, pp. 29–33. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Luo Rongxi, Ren Aihu, Fu Cunren, and Zhang Chunzuo. 1987. Wind erosion characteristics in Wumeng dry steppe soil, Inner Mongolia, and its control. Soil and Water Conservation in China 7: 11–12.
Lu Xiangxian, and Li Jianjun. 1987. A study of optimal structure modeled by enhancing agricultural after effects and increase of yield and income from crop plantation on the Weibei rainfed highland. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 331–335. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Ma Heping. 1987. Studies on the relationship between fertilized black soil and its physical properties. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 249–257. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Ma Xiumei, and Song Lian. 1990. The cultivation and extention of fine herbage early-maturing Astragalus adsurgens Pall bred by radiation. Acta Conservationis Soli et Aquare Sinica 1: 56–60.
Ma Xiumei. 1990. The experimental report on breeding of early-maturing varieties of species Astragalus adsurgens. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 296–322. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Ma Yongzhi. 1938. Soils in Northwest Gansu. Soil Bull. 19: 1–79.
Ma Yongzhi. 1944. Soil Georgraphy in Northwest China. Geography 4.
Ma Yongzhi. 1945. Soil Geography in the middle part of Xinjiang. Quarterly Soil Sci. 3–4.
Ma Yongzhi, and Wen Qixiao. 1951. Soils in North Shaanxi and their utilization. Soil Bull. 26: 73–98.
Ma Yongzhi. 1957. Geographical distribution patterns of soils in China. Acta Pedologica Sinica 5: 1–18.
Ma Yuxi, Yang Wengzhi, Han Shifeng, and Yang Xingming. 1990. On the growth dynamics of locust in the Loess Plateau. Acta Conservationis Soli et Aquae Sinica 2: 26–32.
Maowusu Survey Team, Geology Department, Beijing University. 1976. The experiences and problems of afforestation using the method of “tragging sands in front of trees and blocking sands behind trees.” In: Lanzhou Glacier, Frozen Earth and Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Desert Control (Shamode Zhili), pp. 72–80. Science Press. Beijing.
Mao Zhenglong, Cai Yuwen, Shi Zhaoqin, and Sun Meiying. 1983. Soils and landscape in the shelter belt constructing areas of the “Three Norths” (Sanbei fanghudai jianshede turanghedimao), pp. 3–15. Office of Agricultural Regionization, Shelter Belt Constructing Areas of the Three Norths. Forestry Press, Beijing.
Mei Boyan (1786–1856). Qing Dynasty. Discussion of people’s matter at the study. In: A Collection of Ancient Literature (continued edition. Edited by Wang Xianqian in Qing Dynasty), vol. 27, p. 2. Changsha Wang’s Woodcut Edition printed in 1882.
Mei Xurong, Zhan Jubao, and Lu Xuedu. 1990. Field moisture dynamics of winter wheat in rainfed farmland in Tunliu experimental areas. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 1–6.
Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica. 1978. Soils of China, pp. 145–194, 573–594, and 655–690. Science Press. Beijing.
Niu Pu, Yang Gaihe, and Shen Yunxia. 1987. Winter wheat cultivation under the condition of protection from rain. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 351–352. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Olsen, S.R., C.V. Cole, F.S. Watanabe, and L.A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Dep. of Agric. Circ. 939.
Pan Borong. 1987. The past and future of introduction of sand-holding species in China. J. Desert Res. 1: 1–8.
Peng Lin, Peng Xianglin, and Lou Zhenfan. 1981. The seasonal variation of soil nitrate and the effect of summer fallow on the fertility of manured Loessial soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica 18: 212–222.
Pu Jinchun, and Huang Ziehen. 1990. Experiment of optimum irrigation norm for spring wheat in the arid of Gansu Province. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 49–58.
Qi Jiangzhong. 1988. Study on improving afforestation quality in Maowusu sand land. J. Desert Res. 3: 53–62.
Ren Yong, and Wang Youmin, 1990a. Study on water physiology of Paulownia elongata. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 65–74. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Ren Yong, and Wang Youmin. 1990b. Water relationship and water characteristics in the system of crop-cum-Paulownia elongata. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 75–88. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Ren Zhengxi, and Li Yingqi. 1987. On ridge and furrow cultivation at rainfed hilly in Ningxia. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 392–393. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Research Group of Ancient Chinese Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Science and Nanjing Agricultural University. 1986. Dryland Farming in North China (Beifang handi nongnie), pp. 9–30. Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing.
Sand Control Working Team, Academia Sinica. 1958. Soils in West of Inner Mongolia and Hexi Corridor. Comprehensive Investigation and Research Reports for Desert Regions, vol. 1. Science Press. Beijing.
Secretariat of Conference on Agriculture Learning from Dazhai. 1975. A Collection of Typical Experiences on Agricultural Learning from Dazhai. Xian.
Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Science. 1973. The investigation on the tillage methods against drought in Yanan region. Proceedings of fighting against drought in North China Areas, pp. 139–148. Xian Agricultural Information Press.
Shaanxi Agricultural Survey and Design Academy. 1982. Shaanxi Agricultural Soils, pp. 71–73. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Shaanxi Water and Soil Conservation Bureau. 1971, 1972. A Handbook for Soil and Water Conservation, pp. 1–123, 137–158. Shaaxi People’s Publishing House.
Shaanxi Water and Soil Conservation Bureau and Northwestern Institute of Water and Soil Conservation. 1979. Forest and Grass Measures for Conservation of Water and Soil (Shuitu baochi lincao cuoshi). pp. 68–134 and 291–492. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Shaanxi Water and Soil Conservation Bureau. 1974. Construction of Lands by Letting in Water to Flush Sands (Yinshui lasha zaotian). Water Conservancy and Electricity Power Publishing House.
Shan Lun. 1983. Suggestions for improving grain production on drylands in the Loess Plateau. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 1–4. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Shan Lun, Sun Jibin, Liu Zhongmin, and Du Souyu. 1987. Studies on productivity and water use for major crops in the mountain region, Southern Ningxia. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 104–113. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Shanxi Agricultural Ministry. 1983. The general condition of Shanxi dryland farming and advice on the development in future. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 1, pp. 137–143. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Shao Yuting, and Zhen Yenzhi. 1989. Studies on the indices of phosphorus in Oasis soil of the Hexi Corridor and phosphate application rates. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 76–82. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Shao Liyie, and Chen Guishang. 1987. Study on the prevention of wind erosion of soil from dry cropland. Soil and Water Conservation in China 1: 46–48.
Shen Yuqing. 1962. On summer fallow. J. China’s Agriculture 7: 1–5.
Shen Laishui. 1989. The effect of straw mulch on crop yields under dryland farming condition. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 6:2.
Shi Guangyi and Liu Yongguang. 1981. Contour furrow tillage—a new way for high yields in hilly areas. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 1: 17.
Shi Guangyi. 1982. Water storing and fertilizer concentrating tillage for dryland farming. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 9:1.
Shi Kerning. 1986. Studies on the tillage of water and soil conservation. Water and Soil Conservation in China 5: 3–5.
Shi Maqian. Han Dynasty. Qin Shihuang’s Biography. In: A Shiji (A historical record book written by Shi Maqian in Han Dynasty), vol. 2, pp. 1–115. New copy printed by Ancient Chinese Literature Publishing House in 1954.
Shi Ninghai. 1976a. Yellow River between Shaanxi and Shanxi. Shaanxi Normal University 2: 96–107.
Shi Ninghai. 1976b. The change of Zhouyuan. J. Shaanxi Normal University 3: 111–129, 132.
Shih Shenghan. 1959. On “Fan Sheng-Chih Shu,” An agriculturist book of China written in the first century B.C., pp. 30–31. Science Press, Peking, China.
Si Binglian. 1987. Constructing agroecologically is a strategic measure to develop agriculture in arid areas-an investigation about the constructing experience of ecological agriculture of Dangpudi village. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 124–133. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science. 1963. The soil crusting problem in Shulehe River basin. Tillage Fertilizer 5: 35–38.
Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science. 1966. The role of summer plowing and sunning the upturned soil in agricultural production. Tillage Fertilizer 3: 48–51.
Soil Classification Research Group, Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing. 1985. Chinese Soil Taxonomic classification (1st project). Soils 17: 290–318.
Soil Survey Staff, USDA, 1975. Soil. Taxonomy. Handbook No. 436. Washington, D.C.
Song Wanlin, and Chen Ailian. 1988. Comments on sowing herbage with airplanes in Changji. Arid Zone Res. 4: 56–59.
Su Yinquan, Zhang Kanjan, Xie Dezi, Qiu Junkui. 1990. The effect of lands prepared by V-shape on soil water and seedling growth. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 129–133. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Suide Experimental Station for Water and Soil Conservation, Yellow River Committee. 1983. The cultivation technique for high and stable millet production in hill-gully loess dryland of North Shanxi. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 179–185. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Sun Jianxuan. 1987. Discussion on runoff agriculture. Shanxi Science and Technology of Water and Soil Conservation (Special issue), p. 39.
Sun Xi. 1957. Agrochemistry, p. 231. Educational Publishing House. Beijing.
Tang Keli, Zhang Zhongzi, and Kong Xiaoling. 1989. A study on soil loss and soil degradation on the Loess Plateau. In: Brush, L.M. et al. (eds.) Taming the Yellow River: Silt and Floods, pp. 299–312. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Leyden.
Thorp, James and Hou Guangjiong. 1935. Soils in the North and Northwest of China. Soil Bull. 15: 1–34.
Tian Jiying, and Huang Yiduan. 1964. Investigation on the physical properties of soil in relation to the index of soil resistance to erosion in the region of Ziwuling, Gansu. Acta Pedologica Sinica 12: 286–296.
Tian Yuanren, and Jiang Xizheng. 1990. Assessing the rate of split application of fertilizer nitrogen based on soil testing. Soils 22: 208–200.
Tu Xingwen. 1987. Stabilization of gullies by plant engineering-willow dam. Soil and Water Conservation in China 4: 20–23.
Wan Jianzhong, Jia Yongying, and Luo Zhicheng. 1987. Allocation and exploitation of the arid and semi-arid areas in China. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 1–12. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wang Anzhu, and He Zhongyang. 1990. Soil moisture behaviors in farmlands and its productive efficiency on Heyang Rainfed Highlnd. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 37–43.
Wang Bangxi, Huang Jiuchang, Zhao Daqian, Wang Hui, and Zhang Xiaoping. 1990. Effects of fertilization on yields and water use efficiency in spring wheat in rainfed farmland. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 98–104.
Wang Changyao, Guan Yanning, Zhen Tanhe, Liu Goubin, Song Lian, Seyingbatu. 1990. A report on grassland resources survey by remote sensing in Ansai County. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 347–354. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wang Duqing, and Bai Huishan. 1987. Experimentation of rotation of crops with several kinds of herbage of the legume family on cropland on slopes in North Shaanxi. Soil and Water Conservation in China 10: 26–31.
Wang Fukong. 1980. The effect of compactness of sand layers on the growth of sand binders. In: Lanzhou Desert Institute, Academia Sinica (ed.) Research on Stabilization of Shifting Sands on the Desert Slope Head of Tenggeili Desert Area (Tenggeili shamo shapotou diqu liusha zhili yangjiu), pp. 154–178. Ningxia People’s Publishing House.
Wang Hongwei, and Tian Fuhai. 1989. The techniques of seeding maize on plastic film sides. Shanxi Agricultural Science 1: 16–18.
Wang Jizhi. 1986. Main soils in Ningxia Autonomous Region and Alashanyuoqi. In: Soil Science Society of China (ed.) Current Progress in Soil Research in the People’s Republic of China, pp. 562–573. Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House.
Wang Kangfu, and Dong Shudi. 1988. Jingtong railway in sandy area of Naiman Banner. J. Desert Res. 2: 65–73.
Wang Lixian. 1981. Identification and classification of soil erosion intensity in middle reaches of the Huanghe River. Trans. Scientific Symp. on Comprehensive Control of Water and Soil Erosion in the Loess Plateau, p. 176.
Wang Lixiang. 1983. Studies on the precipitation production potentials in Northwestern Loess Plateau and its exploitation. In: Shan Lun and Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and S emi-Ar id Farming, vol. 2, pp. 54–61. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Wang Lixiang, Wang Liufang, and Fan Fangqiang. 1987. Reform of agrostructure and its economical benefits in the semi-arid fainfed agricultural zone in Guyuan, Ningxia. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 313–315. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wang Lixiang, Wang Lioufang, Wang Longehang, Yang Zhengli, Fan Fangqiang, and Ren Shichun. 1990b. Studies on the productive potential of alfalfa. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 86–91.
Wang Lixiang, Wang Liufang, Jiang Jun, Wang Longchang, Fan Fangqiang, Zhang Xitian, and Ren Shichun. 1990a. Experimental summary of rainfall productive potential on Weibei Rainfed Highland. Agric. Res. Arid Areas supplement, 57–64.
Wang Longchang. 1990. A systematic analysis of food self-sufficient ability in Qingshui River watershed of Guyuan profecture. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 69–78.
Wang Pengkao. 1984. The use of plastic film mulch in Liaoning province. Commun. Agric. Sci. Techn. 10: 36.
Wang Qian. 1983. The distribution and Climatic characteristic of arid and semiarid areas in China. Agric. Res. Arid Areas (Trial issue), pp. 11–24.
Wang Shaoming. 1987. Wind erosion and its control in Qinghai Plateau. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 415–418. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wang Shuangzhuang, and Xu Shuzhen. 1989. Effect of straw mulch in wheat fields and preliminary study of water economization. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 7–15.
Wang Shusen, and Deng Genyun. 1991. A study on the machanism of soil temperature increasing under plastic mulch. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 24 (3): 74–78.
Wang Tianyi. 1990. Studies on yield increase laws of wheat cultivated by level furrows in mountain land. Agri. Res. Arid Areas 1: 33–42.
Wang Xianming, and Danzhengzhu Zasang. 1990. The changing laws of soil moisture and rainfed agriculture in agricultural Areas of river vallays in Tibet. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 1–11.
Wang Yanbing, and Xu Jianwen, 1991. Experiments on increasing soil fertility and ameliorating by turning over stwaw into soil. Chinese J. Soil Sci. 22 (4): 145–148.
Wang Yantian and Xu Zhuling. 1990. Soil water behaviors in farmlands in the semiarid areas liable to drought in Wuchuan of Inner Mongolia. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 14–19.
Wang Yingqin, Gao Junling, Ma Weiping, and Xie Senxiang. 1988. The role of wheat straw and maize stalks in ameliorating saline wasteland. J. Soil Sci. 19: 274–275.
Wang Youghou. 1983. The technique achievements on the dryland farming in ancient times of China. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 13–17. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Wang Yongyan, and Zhang Zhonghu (chief eds.). 1980. Loess in China. Part III: Constituent Materials and Micro-textures of Loess in China. Shaanxi People’s Art Publishing House (a photography book with no page numbers).
Wang Yunxing. 1987. Broad prospects of dryland agriculture by covering with plastic film. Soil and Water Conservation in China 12: 17–19.
Wang Youmin. 1990. An investigation on the locust growth in Chunhua county. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areass in the Loess Plateau and Their Resuites, pp. 34–43. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Wang Youmin, Li Kairong, and Zhu Qingke. 1990a. The preliminary report on the experimental results by seeding three shrubs directly. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 123–128. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Wang Youmin, Feng Ting, and Guo Peicai. 1990b. Investigations on the growth of Populus daruensis and Paulownia elongata in Weibei dryland. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 44–49. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Wang Yuru, 1990. GIS and comprehensive analysis evaluation system based on microcomputers. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 257–267. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wang Yuxi. 1983. The position of proso in dryland farming of South Ningxia. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 3, pp. 211–214. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Wang Wanzhong. 1983. The relationship between rainfall character and soil loss in the loess region. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 4: 7–13.
Wang Zhonglin, and Wang Youmin. 1990. The preliminary report on the protective results of structure of forest mixing with crops. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 103–107. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Wang Zhonglin, 1990. The protective results of interplanting Paulownia elongata with crops on Weibei dryland. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 108–115. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Water Conservancy Committee of Yellow River. 1954. The experience of construction of dams in Liujiashan, Lishan, Shaanxi. New Yellow River 12.
Wei Xian. Song Dynasty. The outline of water conservancy of Simingta Mountain. In “Division of History and Geography, Siming Series of books,” vol 1. pp. 1–21 and vol 2, pp. 1–19. Guangling Ancient Book Publishing House. Reprinted in 1981 according to Zhang Yueyuan’s woodcut edition printed in 1932–1948.
Wen Zhenwang, Wang Anqiu, Su Bingxun, Liu Wensheng, Ruan Chengxun, Wang Longxiu. 1957. Outline of soil geography in Rehe Province. Soil Bull. 30: 1–33.
Wen Qikai, Liu Yulan, Yang Guangbi, Lai Zongsheng, and Liu Naian. 1991. Studies on ecological conditions of soil under cultivation of corn outside plastic film cover. Chinese J. Soil Sci. 22: 12–15.
Wen Zhenwang. 1959. Geographical regionalization of soils in Inner Mongolia. Soil Bull. 34.
Working Committee of Natural Regionalization, Academia Sinica. 1959. China’s Comprehensive Natural Regionalization, (Zhongguo zonghe ziran quhua), pp. 1–197, and 260–287. Science Press, Beijing.
Wu Faqi, and Liu Bingzheng. 1990. Water and soil loss around reservoirs in Chunhua county. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 230–235. China’s Forestry Publishing House. Beijing.
Wu Jiangou. 1989. The effects of combination of N, P and B application on increase of wheat production. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced fertilization, pp. 357–360. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Wu Jingmin, Xu Wenyuan, Dong Baishu, and Wang Zhenzhong. 1991. The effect of turning straw over into soil as fertilizer and its role in building up soil fertility. Chinese J. Soil Sci. 22: 211–215.
Wu Xinmin, Xue Junhong, and Guan Shucai. 1990. Discussion on soil water conditions and crop increase production in mulched farmlands. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 92–97.
Wu Shantan. 1988. Studies of no-tillage in maize field. Tillage and cultivation 1: 50–52.
Wu Shouren, Wei Yunxiang, and Cheng Suyun. 1983. Research on hoeing for preservation of soil moisture and on soil moisture loss by evaporation in the rainfed highland in Wugong, Shaanxi. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 61–76.
Wu Xinmin, Zhou Bai, Lu Longquan, and Du Raodong. 1990. A discussion on agricultural productivity in Wuchuan county of Inner Mongolia. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 92–97.
Wu Yuanju, and Li Zhilian. 1990. Planting mulberry at leveled deep ditches. In: Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2., pp. 172–174. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Wu Zhanqiang, and Zhang Yongping, 1990. Sowing patterns of alfalfa at slope land. In: Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2, pp. 193–194. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Xiang Chongyang. 1989. Opening address on the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, Novermber 7–11, Beijing. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 2–3. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Xi Chengfan. 1961. Soil moisture and conservation of water for resisting drought. Soils 4: 27–29
Xi Yaoguo. 1990. The soil moisture evaporation and water balance on Weibei Loess Plateau. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 1: 70–75.
Xie Dezi, Ma Kanxin, Su Yinquan, and Qiu Junkui. 1990. The effect of seed size of Pinus armandii and Pinus bybgeana on its vitality and seedling growth. In: Wang Youmin (ed.) Studies on Comprehensively Controlling and Managing Gully Areas in the Loess Plateau and Their Results, pp. 116–122. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Xie Zaizhi. 1985. Effect of direct application of rape straw on the promotion of soil fertility. Soils 17: 88–89, 96.
Xinjiang Comprehensive Survey Team and Soil Institute of Academia Sinica (ed.). 1965. Xinjiang Soil Geography (Xinjiang turang dili), pp. 52–74. Science Press, Beijing.
Xinjiang Forest Institute. 1976. Studies on the effect of tree network on prevention of winds in Turf an County. In: Lanzhou Glacier, Frozen Earth and Desert Institute, AcademiaSinica (ed.) Desert Control (Shamode zhili), pp. 81–87. Science Press, Beijing.
Xin Naiquan, and Zhang Shaoli. 1987. Strategy and policy for dryland farming development in the northern part of China. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 40–55. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Xin Shuzhi, 1964. An Interpretation to Yugong. (An ancient book dealing with agriculture, written in Zhou Dynasty), pp. 1–8. Agricultural Press. Beijing.
Xin Shuzhi, and Jiang Deqi. 1982. An Introduction to China’s Water and Soil Conservation (Zhongguo shuitu baochi gailum), pp. 12–38, 101–102, 115–145, 187–285. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Xing Xuexiang, Tang Kunlun, Huang Zhongcai, Liu Shenghua, Zhu Jicheng, Li Jifeng, and Zhao Peixiong. 1987. Report on airplane seeding grass in Yulin sandy loess region. China’s Grassland 2: 16–23.
Xiong Yi, and Xi Chengfan. 1965. Soils in the North China Plain (Huabei pingyuan turang), pp. 105–167. Science Press, Beijing.
Xu Chengxiang. 1987. Studies on the effect of Linum usitatissimum stalk sand obstacles on stabilization of sand. Soil and Water Conservation in China 12: 24–26.
Xu Guangqi. Ming Dynasty. A memorial to the throne for utilization of water on drylands. In: Nongzhengquanshu (The complete book of agriculture and family economics, written by Xu Guangqi in Ming Dynasty). A new copy printed by Shanghai Ancient Book Publishing House, 1979, pp. 283–290.
Xu Guojun, and Cui Qin. 1991. The role of turning over straw into soil and some problems in agricultural practice. Soil Fertilizers 4: 30–32.
Xu Maozhen. 1987. Studies on the techniques of increasing production of cereal crops on dryland. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 366–368. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Xu Weikui, and Lu Bingzhang. 1990. Effect of no-tillage mulch farming on newly reclaimed saline wastelans. Soils 22: 17–19, and 35.
Xu Xinyu, Zhang Yumei, Xiang Hua, Hu Jisheng, Zhou Xianming, Yu Fuxiang, and Wang Fupin. 1988. The effect of covering field with crop residues plus minimum tillage on increasing soil fertility and yield. J. Soil Sci. 19: 86–88, 77.
Xu Xinyu, Zhang Yumei, Xiang Hua, Li Rensheng, and Hu Jisheng. 1985. Studies on the practical significance of plant residue mulch and its effect on soil organisms. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 5: 42–48.
Xu Zhenming. Ming Dynasty. Notes of talking with guests in Lushui. In: Wang Yunwu (ed.) Collection of a Series of Books. Shanghai Ancient Book Publishing House. Printed in 1937, book no. 3020, pp. 1–12.
Xu Zhuling, and Wang Yantian. 1990. A study of field water balance of dryland faming experimental areas in Wuchuan of Inner Mongolia. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 20–26.
Xu Zhuomin. 1986. Green manure mulch tillage in Loess Plateau. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 1–16;
Xu Zhuomin. 1986. Green manure mulch tillage in Loess Plateau. Shanxi Agric. Sci. 3: 1.
Yang Chunfeng, and Han Siming. 1988. Drought-resistant tillage method on Weibei drylands. Tillage Cultivation 4: 11.
Yang Jingqiu, Liu Jincheng, and Zhang Xiaoming. 1987. Effect of plant residues on the fertility of the soil in semi-arid regions. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 419–422. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Yang Sheng, and Lian Sheng. 1987. The result of comprehensive management of Shanwanggou small river basin. Soil and Water Conservation in China 12: 47–52.
Yang Shusen. 1986. No-till of summer fallow fields on Weibei drylands. Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences 4: 8–9.
Yang Songwang. 1987. Studies of forest protecting system for water and soil conservation in gully area of the Loess Plateau, South Shanxi. Shanxi Science and Technology of Water and Soil Conservation 3: 11–13.
Yang Xinming, and Yang Wenzhi. 1988. Study on the soil water balance of artificial forest land in arid region. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 3: 32–38.
Yang Xinming, and Yang Wenzhi, 1990. A prime report on soil moisture in Caragana woodland. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Ecological Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 2, pp. 133–136. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Yang Wenbing. 1988. The evaporation velocities of some trees in arid zone and their relationships with environment. Arid Zone Res. 4: 47–55.
Yang Wenzhi, Yang Xinmin, and Ma Yuxi. 1990. Study on soil water resource and its utilization in loess hilly region. In: Lu Zongfan (ed.) Studies on Econlogical Agriculture with Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully Regions, vol. 1, pp. 56–75. Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Yang Xiaoyin. 1987. Great effect of planting trees and grasses in water and soil loss area of North Shaanxi. Soil and Water Conservation in China 4: 28–30.
Yao Yuanxi, and Yang Yanfan. 1989. Studies on the effects of application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on regulating soil P and K balance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 403–409. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Yizhoushu. Zhou Dynasty (Yizhoushu meaning a missing historical book of Zhou Dynasty, written in Zhou Dynasty; the Yizhoushu cited here was found in a tomb, and interpreted by Kong Yao in Jin Dynasty). In: Wang Yunwu (ed.) Collection of a Series of Books. Shanghai Ancient Book Publishing House. Printed in 1937, book no. 3693, pp. 102–109.
Yu Ling, 1990. The productive potential structure and developing approaches to productive potential of field crops on Bashang rainfed highland in Hebei province. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 62–68.
Yulin Prefecture of Shaanxi Province and Shaanxi Water and Soil Conservation Bureau. 1975. Sand Control in North Shaanxi (Shaanbei zhisha), pp. 29–125. Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.
Yulin Prefecture Office for Directing Airplane Seeding. 1977. Advances of afforestation by airplane seeding and sand stabilization. China’s Forestry Sciences 2.
Yu Zhifu, and Zhang Renming. 1984. High economic benefit of arable land protective tree network. Communication on Agricultural Science and Technology 2: 27.
Zeng Baoling, and Chen Zuoming. 1959. The experiences of Manasi People’s Commune on amelioration of white hardened and impervious soil (desert soil). A Collection of Achievements in Agricultural Scientific Research in Xinjiang, vol. 3.
Zeng Baoling, and Xu Zhikun. 1963. Discussion on raising and consolidating Xinjiang soil fertility. Collected Papers of Xinjiang Soil Science Society.
Zeng Jingqing, and Wang Wenshan. 1984. The role of crop stubble in increasing soil fertility. J. Soil Sci. 15: 63–64.
Zhang Guilan, Zhang Ziwu, and Bao Dejun. 1989. Studies on phosphorus supplying capacity in wheat fields and application rates. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 83–88. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Zhang Fudao. 1984. Organic-inorganic fertilizer conbination is the developing direction of mordern technique for applying fertilizers. Soil and Fertilizer 1: 16–19.
Zhang Hanxiong. 1989. Predicting whole benefit of soil and water conservation with dynamic grey model group. Acta Conservationis Soli et Aquae Sinica 4: 40–48.
Zhang Kangjian, Sun Changzhong, and Zhao Zhong. 1987. A new method for evaluating site quality of afforesting areas in the loess plateau-quantification analysis of soil moisture content. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 1, pp. 268–276. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Zhang Kuan, Wang Xiufang, Wu Wei, Hu Heyun, and Wang Xiaolin. 1990. The application of fertilizer effect function to the formulated fertilization. Soils 22: 198–200.
Zhang Liyuan, Zhang Ximin, and Wu Cheng. 1988. Preliminary study on the growing characteristics and the output of the Haloxylon persicum twigs in Xinjiang Mosouwan. Arid Zone Res. 4: 30–35.
Zhang Shixian. 1989. China’s agriculture development and adoption of balanced fertilization in agriculture. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 10–15. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Zhang Xianmin. 1987. Preliminary report on adoption of grass of different species for growing mixedly over large areas. Soil and Water Conservation in China 8: 14–16.
Zhang Xiaozhong, Han Shifeng, and Li Yushan. 1990. The laws of soil water behaviors on Weibei Rainfed Highland. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 27–36.
Zhang Xihai, and Shan Lun. 1983. The preliminary study of millet and proso on the drought-resistance. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 202–205. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Zhang Xueshang. 1983. Thr preliminary understanding of the biological role of raising soil fertility on Weibei dryland. In: Shan Lun, Niu Pu (eds.) Selected Works on Arid and Semi-Arid Farming, vol. 2, pp. 115–120. Xian Agricultural Information Centre Press.
Zhang Yangji, Li Jiarui, and Fan Xiaoyi. 1990. A comparative study of mulching effects upon dryland orchards. Agric. Res. Arid Areas supplement, 91–95.
Zhang Yichun, and Guo Zhifeng. 1990. Nutrient uptake by cotton plants and their recommended fertilization. Soils 22: 212–217.
Zhang Yongping, Wu Zhanqiang, Si Xiewu, and Li Zhuqin. 1990. Introduction of alfalfa cultivars. In: Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2, pp. 188–192. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Zhang Yongping, and Wu Zhanqiang. 1990. A study on alfalfa production at Mizhi County. In: Zhu Xiangsan (ed.) Studies on Exploitation and Harness of the Loess Plateau, vol. 2, pp. 259–260. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.
Zhang Zhanhong. 1989. Ten situations for mulching and not-mulching in use of plastic film cultivation. Shansi Agricultural Sciences 7: 31–33.
Zhan Changgeng. 1989. The effects of application of K with N and P fertilizers on production increase for some crops. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 191–199. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Zhao Feng, Xia Ailin, and Zhou Bin. 1987. Research on grassland agriculture in six plots in Ninjiang. Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, p. 389. Yangling. Shaanxi, China.
Zhao Fengbin. 1985. Deep subsoiling of wheat fields on drylands of southeast Shanxi. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 1: 2.
Zhao Fengbin. 1987. Studies on soil tillage methods on southeast Shanxi drylands. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 5: 30.
Zhao Jubao, Mei Xurong, and Lu Xuedu. 1990. Evaluation of the characteristics of water supplies and demands in winter wheat fields and study on the economizing irrigation in the southeast profecture. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 7–13.
Zhao Songqiao. 1985. Human impacts on China’s arid lands: desertification or de-desertification. In: Whitehead, E.E., Hutchinson, C.F., Timmermann, B.N., Varady, R.G. (eds.) Arid Lands, Today and Tomorrow. Proceedings of an International Research and Development, pp. 1127–1138. Westview Press. Boulder, Colorado, and Belhaven Press, London.
Zheng Fenli, Tang Keli, and Zhou Peihua. 1987. Approach to the genesis and development of rill erosion on slope land and the way to control. Acta Conservations Soli et Aquae Sinica 1: 36–48.
Zheng Guoying, and Liu Cuirong. 1991. Utilization of water resources and oasis ecological agriculture in arid areas. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 2: 79–84.
Zheng Jiangfei, Zhou Bai, Lu Longquan, and Du Raodong. 1990. A discussion on agricultural productivity in Wuchuan county of Inner Mongolia. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 79–84.
Zhong Lianping, and Han Shifeng. 1990. Statistical analysis of soil moisture regime on rainfed farmlands in Chengcheng County of Shaansi Province. Agric. Res. Arid Areas 4: 44–53.
Zhongyan County Government. 1985. High yielding contour furrow tillage—a way for farmers to be rich. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 2: 6.
Zhou Peizi, Hou Caixia, and Cheng Shimin. 1988. Physiological and biochemical specificities of Haloxylon ammodendron responding to water stress. Arid Zone Res. 1: 1–8.
Zhou Ruihua. 1986. Studies on tillage techniques for moisture conservation in east loess plateau. Shaanxi Agricultural Science 6: 31–33.
Zhou Tingru. 1965. Discussion on some matters of palageogaraphy in Xinjiang global history of recent times. J. Natural Science of Universities 3.
Zhou Yong. Ming Dynasty. A memorial to the throne on the matter of river control. In: A compilation of Confucian Classics and Current Works of Ming Dynasty (Edited by Chen Zhilong in Ming Dynasty). China’s Publishing House printed 1962, new vol. 2 (original vol. 146), pp. 1458–1459.
Zhou Zucheng, Sun Weichang, Wang Linbao, Wang Hongyu, Jin Zhengyu, and Wang Xidong. 1989. Comparison of two methods for prescription fertilization. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization, pp. 311–316. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
Zhu Junfeng (Chief ed.). 1985. Natural Resources and Comprehensive Agricultural Regionalization in the Shelter Belt Constructing Areas of the “Three Norths” (Sanbei fanghulin diqu ziren ziyuan yu zonghe nongnie quhua), pp. 3–17, 797–900, 1133–1174. China’s Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Zhu Haizhi. 1964. Microstructure in the loess and optics orientation of the clays in covered soils. Quaternaria Sinica 1: 72–76.
Zhu Lianqing, Ma Yongzhi, and Li Qingkui. 1941. An Introduction to China Soils. Quarterly Soil Science 1.
Zhu Maoshun. 1965. Xinjiang Agriculture. Science Press, Beijing.
Zhu Wenshan, and Cao Mingkui. 1988. Effects of saving water and bettering land fertility by stubble mulching no-till and its future utilization. Agric. Res. Arid Areas A: 12–17.
Zhu Wenshan. 1987. An agricultural technique for moisture conservation-mulching with no-tillage. Hebei Agricultural Science and Technology 9: 17.
Zhu Xianmo. 1956. Classification of soil erosion in the loess region. Acta Pedologica Sinica 4: 99–115.
Zhu Xianmo. 1957. Soil distribution patterns in loess areas. Acta Scientia Sinica 15: 477–478.
Zhu Xianmo. 1958. Investigation report on soil erosion in the centre of Gansu province. Soil Bull. 32.
Zhu Xianmo. 1959. Preliminary system of Shaanxi soil classification. J. Soil Sci. 1: 23–27.
Zhu Xianmo. 1960. The effect of vegetation factor on soil-water erosion in the loess region. Acta Pedologica Sinica 8: 110–121.
Zhu Xianmo. 1964. Manural loessial soil (Loutu), pp. 12–70. Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing.
Zhu Xianmo, 1981. The main types of water erosion and the factors affecting water erosion. Bull. Water Soil Conservation 3: 1–9.
Zhu Xianmo. 1984a. Some problems on territory management in loess plateau. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 4: 1–6.
Zhu Xianmo. 1984b. Exploitation and protection of land resources in the Loess Plateau. Scientia Geographica Sinica 2: 97–104.
Zhu Xianmo. 1984c. Discussion on the strategic matter of soil and water erosion in loess plateau. Bull. Soil Water Cons. 1: 15–18.
Zhu Xianmo (Chief ed.). 1986a. Land resources in the Loess Plateau of China. Shaanxi Science and Technology Publishing House (a photography book without page numbers).
Zhu Xianmo. 1986b. Types of soil erosion and resistance of the soil to erosion in loess plateau of China. In: Soil Science Society of China (ed.) Current Progress in Soil Research in People’s Republic of China, pp. 611–621. Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House.
Zhu Zhenda. 1987. Taklamakan desert area. J. Desert Res. 7: 16–28.
Zhu Zhenda, Wu Zheng, Liu Shu, and Di Xingmin. 1980. An introduction to China Desert (Zhongguo shamo gailun), pp. 1–8, 20–29, 90–101. Science Press. Beijing.
Zhu Zhenda, Liu Shu, and Di Xingmin. 1989. Desertification and Rehabilitation in China (Zhongguo de shamohua jiqi zhili), pp. 1–27, 88–100, 120–126. Science Press, Beijing.
Zuo Shuzhen, and Chi Renli. 1987. A discussion on the soil tillage technique system on the county level in non-irrigated regions of North China—a study on the regional soil tillage technique system of Hailun county, Proceedings of the international symposium on dryland farming, vol. 2, pp. 385–388. Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shengxiu, L., Ling, X. (1992). Distribution and Management of Drylands in the People’s Republic of China. In: Stewart, B.A. (eds) Advances in Soil Science. Advances in Soil Science, vol 18. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2844-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2844-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7693-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2844-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive