Abstract
Clinical measurement of lower urinary tract function has been expanding in its influence for 30 years. This has been allowed by the increasing availability of inexpensive, reliable measuring systems. The procedure is now a standard investigation relevant to patients from urology, gynaecology, neurology and geriatric departments. Such investigations are included in the science of urodynamics, which involves the study of the function and dysfunction of the urinary tract by any appropriate method. It encompasses the morphological, physiological, biochemical and hydrodynamic aspects of urine transport and storage.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrams PH (1984) The practice of urodynamics. In: Mundy AR, Stephenson TP, Wein AJ (eds) Urodynamics, principles, practice and application. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh pp 76–92.
Abrams PH, Torrens MJ (1977) Urethral closure pressure in the male. An analysis of 280 patients. Urol Int 32:137–145.
Abrams PH, Feneley RCL, Torrens MJ (1983) Urodynamics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Andersen JT (1982) Prostatism. Clinical, radiological and urodynamic aspects. Neurourol Urodyn 1:241–293.
Arbuckle LP, Paquin A J (1963) Urinary outflow tract resistance in normal human females. Invest Urol 1:216–228.
Asmussen M, Ulmsten V (1975) Simultaneous urethrocystometry and urethral pressure profile measurement with a new technique. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 54:385–386.
Backman KA (1965) Urinary flow during micturition in normal women. Acta Chir Scand 130:357–370.
Backman KA, von Garrelts B, Sundblad R (1966) Micturition in normal women. Studies of pressure and flow. Acta Chir Scand 132:403–412.
Bagley NA, O’Shaughnessy EJ (1985) Urodynamic evaluation of voluntary detrusor response in healthy subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 66:160–163.
Beck RP, Maughan GB (1964) Simultaneous intraurethral and intravesical pressure studies in normal women and in those with stress incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 89:746–753.
Brindley GS, Rushton DN, Craggs MD (1974) The pressure exerted by the external sphincter of the urethra when its motor nerve fibres are stimulated electrically. Br J Urol 46:453–462.
Bors E (1948) A simple sphincterometer. J Urol 60:287–289.
Brown M, Wickham JEA (1969) The urethral pressure profile. Br J Urol 41:211–217.
Claridge M, Shuttleworth KED (1964) The dynamics of obstructed micturition. Invest Urol 2:188–199.
Collins CD (1972) Electrical stimulation in the treatment of incontinence. ChM Thesis, University of Sheffield.
Colstrup H (1984a) Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part 1 Static measurements. J Urol 132:78–81.
Colstrup H (1984b) Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part 1 Dynamic measurements. J Urol 132:82–86.
Colstrup H, Mortensen SO, Kristensen JK (1983) A new method for the investigation of the closure function of the resting female urethra. J Urol 130:507–511.
Constantinou CE, Govan DE (1980) Urodynamic analysis of urethral, vesical and perivesical pressure distribution in the healthy female. Urol Int 35:53–72.
Coolsaet BLRA (1984) Cystometry. In: Stanton SL (ed) Clinical gynecologic urology. Mosby, St Louis, pp 59–81.
Coolsaet B (1985) Bladder compliance and detrusor activity during the collection phase. Neurourol Urodyn 4:263–273.
Denny-Brown, D, Robertson EG (1933) On the physiology of micturition. Brain 56:149–189.
Donker PJ, Ivanovici F, Noach EL (1972) Analyses of the urethral pressure profile by means of electromyography and the administration of drugs. Br J Urol 44:180–193.
Drach GW, Layton TN, Binard WJ (1979a) Male peak urinary flow rate: relationships to volume voided and age. J Urol 122:210–214.
Drach GW, Ignatoff J, Layton T (1979b) Peak urinary flow rate: observations in female subjects and comparison to male subjects. J Urol 122:215–219.
Edwards L, Malvern J (1974) Studies of intraurethral pressures in normal and incontinent women. Urol Int 29:205–206.
Enhorning G (1961) Simultaneous recording of intravesical and intraurethral pressure. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 276.
Enhorning G, Miller ER, Hinman F (1964) Urethral closure studies with cine roentgenography and simultaneous bladderurethra pressure recording. Surg Gynecol Obstet 118:507–516.
Fall M, Erlandson BE (1983) Isobaric volume registration in the assessment of detrusor instability. Neurourol Urodyn 2:205–212.
Fonda D, Hickery DS, Brockleburst JC (1985) Dynamic shape of the female urethra during micturition. Clinical measurements. J Urol 134:88–91.
Frimodt-Møller C (1972) A new method for quantitative evaluation of bladder sensibility. Scand J Urol Nephrol 6(suppl 15): 135–142.
Frimodt-Møller, C, Haid T (1972) Clinical urodynamics. Scand J Urol Nephrol 6(suppl 15):143–155.
Gerstenberg T (1982) Cited by Haid T, Bradley WE (eds) The urinary bladder, neurology and dynamics. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p 116.
Gierup J (1970) Micturition studies in infants and children. Normal urinary flow. Scand J Urol Nephrol 4: 191–207.
Gleason DM, Bottacini MR (1982) Urodynamic norms in female voiding II. The flow modulation zone and voiding dysfunction. J Urol 127:495–500.
Gleason DM, Bottacini MR (1984) The effect of a fine urethral pressure measuring catheter on urinary flow in females. Neurourol Urodyn 3: 162–171.
Griffiths DJ (1977) Urodynamic assessment of bladder function. Br J Urol 49:29–36.
Griffiths DJ (1980) Urodynamics, the mechanics and hydrodynamics of the lower urinary tract. Adam Hilger, Bristol.
Griffiths DJ (1984) Hydrodynamics and mechanics of the bladder and urethra. In: Mundy AR, Stephenson TP, Wein AJ (eds) Urodynamics, principles, practice and application. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 42–49.
Griffiths, DJ, van Mastrigt R (1985) The routine assessment of detrusor contraction strength. Neurourol Urodyn 4: 77–78.
Griffiths DJ, Scholtmeijer RJ (1982) Momentum flux measurements in boys. A clinical evaluation. Neurourol Urodyn 1: 173–182.
Harrison NW, Constable AR (1970) Urethral pressure measurement, a modified technique. Br J Urol 42:229–233.
Heidler H, Wolk H, Jonas U (1979) Urethral closure mechanism under stress conditions. Eur Urol 5: 110–112.
Henriksson L, Ulmsten U (1978) A urodynamic evaluation of the effects of abdominal urethrocystopexy and vaginal sling urethroplasy in women with stress incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 113:78–82.
Henriksson L, Ulmsten U, Andersson KE (1977) The effect of changes of posture on the urethral closure pressure in healthy women. Scand J Urol Nephrol 11:201–206.
Hilton P (1984) Urethral pressure measurement. In: Stanton SL (ed) Clinical gynecologic urology. Mosby, St Louis pp 110- 126.
Hilton P, Stanton S (1982) Urethral pressure measurements in women without urinary symptoms. Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society, Leiden, pp 12–15.
Hilton P, Stanton S (1983) Urethral pressure measurement by microtransducer. The results in symptom free women and in those with genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90:919–933.
Jensen KME, Bruskewitz RC, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1983) Predictive value of voiding pressures in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Neurourol Urodyn 2: 117–125.
Kieswetter H (1977) Mucosal sensory threshold of urinary bladder and urethra measured electrically. Urol Int 32:437–448.
Klevmark B (1974) Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling at physiological rates 1. Intravesical pressure patterns studied by a new method of cystometry. Acta Physiol Scand 90:565–577.
Kondo A, Mitsuya H, Torii H (1978) Computer analysis of micturition parameters and accuracy of uroflowmeter. Urol Int 33:337–344.
Meyhoff HH, Griffiths DJ, Nordling J, Hald T (1980a) Accuracy and interpretation of results from the DISA momentum flux meter. Urol Res 8:37–11.
Meyhoff HH, Griffiths DJ, Nordling J, Hald T (1980b) Momentum flux values at maximum flow in normal males. Urol Res 8: 67–70.
Meyhoff HH, Griffiths DJ, Nordling J, Hald T (1980c) Clinical applications of momentum flux measurements with special reference to detrusor hyperreflexia and meatal stenosis. Urol Res 8:71–75.
Murray K (1982) Urethral sensitivity—an integral component of the storage phase of the micturition cycle. Neurourol Urodyn 1:193–197.
Obrink A, Bunne G, Ulmsten U (1977) Intraurethral and intravesical pressure in continent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 56:525–529.
Plante P, Susset J (1980) Studies of female urethral pressure profile. Part 1. Normal urethral pressure profile. J Urol 123:64–69.
Plevnik S, Brown M, Sutherst JR, Vrtacnik P (1983) Tracking of fluid in the urethra by simultaneous electric impedance measurement at three sites. Urol Int 38:29–32.
Plevnik S, Janez J, Vrtacnik P, Brown M (1985) Directional differences in urethral pressure recordings: contributions from the stiffness and weight of the recording catheter. Neurourol Urodyn 4: 117–128.
Powell PH, Feneley RCL (1980) The role of urethral sensation in clinical urology. Br J Urol 52:539–541.
Rollema HJ (1981) Uroflowmetry in males. Reference values and clinical application in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Thesis, University of Groningen.
Rud T (1980a) The effects of estrogens and gestagens on the urethral pressure profile in urinary continent and stress incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 59: 265–270.
Rud T (1980b) Urethral pressure profile in continent women from childhood to old age. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 59:331–335.
Schafer W (1985) Urethral resistance? Urodynamic concepts of physiological and pathological bladder outlet function during voiding. Neurourol Urodyn 4:161–201.
Scott FB, Quesada EM, Cardus D (1964) Studies on the dynamics of micturition. Observations on healthy men. J Urol 92: 455–463.
Shelley T, Warrell DW (1965) Measurement of intravesical and intraurethral pressure in normal women and in women suffering from incontinence of urine. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Common 72:926–929.
Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Krane RJ (1979) The flow rate nomogram. I Development. J Urol 122:665–668.
Sjoberg B, Nyman CR (1981) Hydrodynamics of micturition in healthy females: Pressure and flow at different micturition volumes. Urol Int 36:23–34.
Smith JC (1968) Urethral resistance to micturition. Br J Urol 40: 125–156.
Susset JG, Picker P, Fretz M, Jorest R (1973) Critical evaluation of uroflowmeters and analysis of normal curves. J Urol 109: 874–878.
Susset JG, Ghoniem GM, Regnier Ch (1982) Rapid cystometry in males. Neurourol Urodyn 1:319–327.
Sutherst J, Brown M (1979) A test for bladder neck competence: the fluid bridge test. Urol Int 34: 403–409.
Tanagho EA, Miller ER (1970) Initiation of voiding. Br J Urol 42: 175–183.
van Duyl WA (1985) A model for both the passive and active properties of urinary bladder tissue related to bladder function. Neurourol Urodyn 4: 275–283.
van Geelen JM, Doesburg WH, Thomas CMG, Martin CB (1981) Urodynamic studies in the normal menstrual cycle: the relationship between hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and the urethral pressure profile. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:384–392.
van Mastrigt R, Coolsaet B, van Duyl WA (1978) Passive properties of the urinary bladder in the collection phase. Med Biol Eng Comput 16: 471–182.
von Garrelts B (1957a) Intravesical pressure and urinary flow during micturition in normal subjects. Acta Chir Scand 114:49–66.
von Garrelts B (1957b) Micturition in the normal male. Acta Chir Scand 114: 197–210.
Walter S, Olesen KP, Nordling J, Haid T (1979) Bladder function in urologically normal middle aged females. Scand J Urol Nephrol 13:249–258.
Whiteside G, Bates P (1979) Synchronous video pressure-flow cystourethrography. Urol Clin North Am 6: 93–102.
Woodside JR (1982) Micturitional static urethral pressure profilometry in women. Neurourol Urodyn 1:149–158.
Yalla SV, Fraser L (1982) Total and static pressure measurements of the male lower urinary tract. Neurourol Urodyn 1:159–172.
Yalla SV, Sharma GVRK, Barsamian EM (1980) Micturitional static urethral pressure profile. A method of recording urethral pressure profile during voiding and its implications. J Urol 124:649–651.
Zinner NR, Paquin AJ (1963) Clinical urodynamics: 1 Studies of intravesical pressure in normal human female subjects. J Urol 90:719–730.
Zinner NR, Ritter RC, Arbuckle LD, Paquin AJ (1963) Clinical urodynamics III. Pressure profiles of the female urethra. Surg Forum 14:481–483.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Torrens, M. (1987). Urodynamics. In: Torrens, M., Morrison, J.F.B. (eds) The Physiology of the Lower Urinary Tract. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1449-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1449-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1451-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1449-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive