Abstract
The military occupation of the Middle East at the end of 1918 by British and Indian armies of nearly a million men marked the complete collapse there of the old international order, and heralded a revolution in British imperial policy. The dissolution of the Tsarist empire, and the defeat of Germany and Turkey, transformed the circumstances which had governed British policy in this region for a century and, all at once, made Britain the dominant political and military power in the lands between India in the east, the Caspian in the north, and Constantinople in the west.
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Notes
V. H. Rothwell, ‘Mesopotamia in British War Aims’, Historical Journal, XIII, 2 (1970) pp. 275, 276;
J. Nevakivi, Britain, France and the Arab Middle East 1914–1920 (London, 1969) pp. 19–25.
The terms of the Tripartite Agreement are set out in J. C. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East: A Documentary Record, vol. II (Princeton, 1956) pp. 18–22.
On this see B. C. Busch, Britain, India and the Arabs 1914–1921 (Berkeley and London, 1971) ch. III.
See P. Guinn, British Strategy and Politics 1914–1918 (London, 1965).
H. I. Nelson, Land and Power (2nd edn, Newton Abbot, 1971) p. 17.
J. B. Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf 1795–1880 (Oxford, 1968);
R. L. Greaves, Persia and the Defence of India (London, 1959).
P. Avery, Modern Iran (London, 1965) p. 192.
C. M. Andrew and A. S. Kanya-Forstner, The French Colonial Party and French Colonial War Aims’, Historical Journal, XVII, 1 (1974) 79–106.
D. Lloyd George, The Truth About the Peace Treaties (London, 1938) vol. II, p. 1038;
J. Nevakivi, Britain, France and the Arab Middle East 1914–1920 (London, 1969) pp. 91–2.
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© 1981 John Darwin
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Darwin, J. (1981). War and Imperial Policy in the Middle East 1918–1919. In: Britain, Egypt and the Middle East. Cambridge Commonwealth Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16529-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16529-2_6
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