Abstract
Between 1918 and 1922, the policy pursued by the Lloyd George coalition in Egypt and the Middle East was shaped not only by the political realities which confronted the agents of British power in Turkey, Persia, Mesopotamia and on the Nile, but also by the limits which were imposed on ministers by the terms of their parliamentary authority in Britain. The makers of policy could not ignore, even if they hoped to influence, the views of those upon whose support their exercise of power depended; nor seek the backing of their followers for imperial policies which affronted the economic and political orthodoxies that were accepted by the broad spectrum of political opinion.
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Notes
C.E. Callwell, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries, vol. II (London, 1927) p. 151.
Milner to Esher, 28 Nov. 1918, S. Roskill, Hankey: Man of Secrets, vol. II (London, 1972) p. 27.
On the economic uncertainty of the first months after the German armistice, P.B. Johnson, Land Fit for Heroes (Chicago, 1968) pp. 361 ff.
A. Bullock, The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin, vol. I (London, 1960) pp. 103, 105.
I. McLean, ‘Popular Protest and Public Order: Red Clydeside 1915–1919’, in Popular Protest and Public Order, ed. R. Quinault and J. Stevenson (London, 1974) pp. 233–9.
Sir B. Mallett and C.O. George, British Budgets, Second Series, 1913/14 to 1920/21 (London, 1929) p. 178.
D. Winch, Economics and Policy (London, 1969) p. 75.
M. Cowling, The Impact of Labour (Cambridge, 1971) pp. 56, 121.
According to a recent study, the establishment of the Dail Eireann in Jan. 1919 ‘caused barely a ripple in England’. D.G. Boyce, Englishmen and Irish Troubles: British Public Opinion and the Making of Irish Policy 1918–1922 (London, 1972) p. 46.
D. Butler and J. Freeman, British Political Facts 1900–1967 (2nd edn, London, 1968) p. 152.
For example in their opposition to protection. K.O. Morgan, ‘Lloyd George’s Stage Army: the Coalition Liberals 1918–1922’ in Lloyd George: Twelve Essays, ed. A.J.P. Taylor (London, 1971) pp. 243–5.
R. Ullman, The Anglo-Soviet Accord (London, 1972) pp. 109–10;
R. Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister (London, 1955) p. 424. It is still not clear how far this condition was political.
See P.S. Gupta, Imperialism and the British Labour Movement 1914–1964 (London, 1975) p. 36.
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© 1981 John Darwin
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Darwin, J. (1981). The Domestic Origins of Imperial Policy. In: Britain, Egypt and the Middle East. Cambridge Commonwealth Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16529-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16529-2_2
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