Abstract
Since Sudan became independent on 1 January 1956 it has experienced two civil wars. The only period in which there has been peace was between March 1972 and mid-1983. It therefore seems obvious that there must be factors which make the country inherently unstable. This chapter seeks to determine what these factors are and why they have had such a strong influence on Sudan’s post-independence history.
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Notes
R. S. O’Fahey and J. L. Spaulding, Kingdoms of the Sudan ( London: Methuen, 1974 ) p. 186.
Sudanow, Sudan yearbook (Khartoum, 1983) p. 7.
J. Bruce, Travels to discover the Source of the Nile in the Years 1768–1773 ( Edinburgh: Gregg International, 1971 ) pp. 369–71.
F. Cailliaud, Voyage à Meroe, au Fleuvre Blanc (Paris. 4 vols, 1823) p. 273.
J. Castro, Roteiros (Lisbon, 1939) pp. 80–4.
G. W. Browne, Travels in Egypt, Syria and Africa (London, 1799 ) pp. 180–215.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Peace and unity in Sudan: an African achievement (Khartoum, 1973) p. 18.
C. G. Gurdon, The geographical problems of national unity in Sudan ( unpublished M.Sc thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1981 ) pp. 39–41.
M. O. Beshir, The Southern Sudan: background to the conflict (Khartoum University Press, 1968 ) p. 39.
Sudan Ministry of Information and Culture, Sudan Today (University Press of Africa, Tavistock, p. 7. 1971)
Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Sudan (London, 1987) no. 1, p. 11.
C. G. Gurdon, Sudan at the crossroads ( Wisbech, Menas Press, 1984 ) p. 7.
Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Sudan (London, 1987), no. 3, p. 16.
T. Niblock, Power and Class in Sudan ( London: Macmillan, 1987 ) pp. 204–32.
H. Assefa, Mediation of civil wars: approaches and strategies - the Sudan conflict ( Boulder, Colo.; Westview Press, 1987 ).
Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Sudan 1986/87 (London, 1987) pp. 7–8.
National Council for the Development of the Jonglei Canal Area, Jonglei Canal: a development project in the Sudan (Khartoum, 1980).
Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Sudan 1986/87 (London, 1987) pp. 8–11.
E. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism ( Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983 ) p. 81.
OAU Assembly AHG/Res 17 (1), Cairo Ordinary Session, 17–21 July 1964. Also see I. Brownlie, African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia ( London, Hurst, 1979 ) p. 11.
B. Malwal, People and power in Sudan: the struggle for national identity ( London: Ithaca Press, 1981 ) pp. 187–92.
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© 1989 Caroline Thomas and Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu
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Gurdon, C. (1989). Instability and the State: Sudan. In: Thomas, C., Saravanamuttu, P. (eds) The State and Instability in the South. Southampton Studies in International Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10421-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10421-5_4
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