This paper discusses an expanded notion of services, ones that can lead to the transformation of systems in ways that are beneficial for business, engineering and society—because all of these are parts of a larger system. But what I say here also applies, on a reduced level, to systems problems that are apparently more local, like modeling and responding to a changing business environment in a specific market and area.
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Gorman, M.E. (2008). Service Science, Management and Engineering: A Way of Managing Sociotechnical Systems. In: Hefley, B., Murphy, W. (eds) Service Science, Management and Engineering Education for the 21st Century. Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76578-5_13
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