Abstract
The lacrimal drainage system develops from ectodermal tissue present in the cleft between the nasal (lateral) and maxillary processes (see Chapter 2.) During the sixth week of embryonic life, an outbudding from this solid ectodermal cord of cells occurs. This outbudding bifurcates in the medial canthal area and projects into the upper and lower lids to eventually form the upper portion of the lacrimal drainage system.1 These outgrowths reach the lid margin at 12 weeks of gestation. Each canaliculus has a long, horizontal portion as well as a vertical component consisting of an ampulla and punctal opening. The punctum opens at the top of a small elevation on the lid margin termed the papilla. The papilla and punctal portions of each canaliculus are formed during the seventh month of gestation, and the drainage system becomes fully patent at that time.
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Low, J.E., Johnson, M.A., Katowitz, J.A. (2002). Management of Pediatric Upper System Problems: Punctal and Canalicular Surgery. In: Katowitz, J.A. (eds) Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21630-0_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21630-0_20
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