Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Bakalidou A, Kämpfer P, Berchtold M, Kuhnigk T, König H (2002) Cellulosimicrobium variabile sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. IJSEM 52:1185–1192
Bandi C, Sironi M, Damiani G, Magrassi L, Nalepa CA, Laudani U, Sacchi L (1995) The establishment of intracellular symbiosis in an ancestror of cockroaches and termites. Proc R Soc Lon B 259:293–299
Bandi C, Sironi M, Nalepa CA, Corona S, Sacchi L (1997) Phylogenetically distant intracellular symbionts in termites. Parasitologia 39:71–75
Bauer S, Tholen A, Overmann J, Brune A (2000) Characterization of abundance and diversity of lactic acid bacteria in the hindgut of wood-and soil-feeding termites by molecular and culture-dependent techniques. Arch Microbiol 173:126–137
Beckwith TD, Rose EJ (1929) Cellulose digestion by organisms from the termite gut. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 27:4–6
Berchtold M, König H (1995) Phylogenetic position of two uncultivated trichomonads Pentatrichomonoides scroa Kirby and Metadevescovina extranea Kirby from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt. System Appl Microbiol 18:567–573
Berchtold M, König H (1996) Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identi. cation of uncultivated spirochetes from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. System Appl Microbiol 19:66–73
Berchtold M, Ludwig W, König H (1994) 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic position of an uncultivated spirochete from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt. FEMS Microbiol Lett 123:269–274
Berchtold M, Breunig A, König H (1995) Culture and phylogenetic characterization of Trichomitus trypanoides Duboscque & Grassè 1924, n. comb.: a trichomonad flagellate isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud. J Eukar Microbiol 42:388–391
Berchtold M, Chatzinotas A, Schönhuber W, Brune A, Amann R, Hahn D, König H (1999) Differential enumeration and in situ localization of microorganisms in the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. Arch Microbiol 172: 407–416
Bignell DE, Anderson JM (1980) Determination of pH and oxygen status in the guts of lower and higher termites. J Insect Physiol 26:183–188
Bignell DE, Oskarsson H, Anderson JM (1980a) Specialization of the hindgut wall for the attachment of symbiotic microorganisms in a termite-Procubitermes aburiensis (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). Zoomorphol 96:103–112
Bignell DE, Oskarsson H, Anderson JM (1980b) Distribution and abundance of bacteria in the gut of a soil-feeding termite Procubitermes aburiensis (Termitidae, Termitinae). J Gen Microbiol 117:393–403
Boga HI, Ludwig W, Brune A (2003) Sporomusa aerivorans sp. nov., an oxygen-reducing homoacetogenic bacterium from the gut of a soil-feeding termite. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1397–404
Braumann A, Koenig JF, Dutreix J, Garcia JL (1990) Characterization of two sulfate-reducing bacteria from the gut of the soil-feeding termite, Cubitermes speciosus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 58:271–275
Braumann A, Kane MD, Labat M, Breznak JA (1992) Genesis of acetate and methane by gut bacteria of nutritionally diverse termites. Science 257:1384–1386
Braumann A, Dore J, Eggleton P, Bignell D, Breznak JA, Kane MD (2001) Molecular phylogenetic profiling of prokaryote communities in guts of termites with different feeding habits. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 35:27–36
Breznak J A (1982) Intestinal microbiota of termites and other xylophagous insects. Annu Rev Microbiol 36:323–343
Breznak JA (1984) Biochemical aspects of symbiosis between termites and their intestinal microbiota. In:Anderson JM, Rayner ADM, Walton DWH. (eds. ). Invertebrate Microbial Interactions. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge pp 173–203
Breznak JA, Pankratz HS (1977) In situ morphology of the gut microbiota of wood-eating termites [Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki)]. Appl Environ Microbiol 33:406–426
Breznak JA, Switzer JM (1986) Acetate synthesis from H2 plus CO2 by termite gut microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:623–630
Breznak JA, Blum JS (1991) Mixotrophy of the termite gut acetogen, Sporomusa termitida. Arch Microbiol 156:105–110
Breznak JA, Brune A (1994) Role of microorganisms in the digestion of lignocellulose by termites. Annu Rev Entomol 39:453–487
Breznak JA, Switzer J M, Seitz HJ (1988) Sporomusa termitida sp. nov., an H2/CO2-utilizing acetogen isolated from termites. Arch Microbiol 150:282–288
Brugerolle G (2000) A microscopic investigation of the genus Foaina, a parabasalid protist symbiotic in termites and phylogenetic considerations. Eur J Protistol 36:20–28
Brugerolle G, König H (1997) Ultrastructure and organisation of the cytoskeleton in Oxymonas, an intestinal flagellate of termites. J Eukar Microbiol 44:305–313
Brugerolle G, Lee J J, (2000a) Phylum Parabasalia. In The Illustrated Guide to The Protozoa, second edition, Volume I and II, Edited by J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale, P. Bradbury, Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas, pp 1196–1250
Brugerolle G, Lee JJ (2000b) Order Oxymonadida. In: Lee JJ, Leedale GF, Bradbury P (eds) The Illustrated Guide to The Protozoa2. ed., vol 2, Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas, pp 1186–1195
Brugerolle G, Breunig A, König H (1994) Ultrastructural study of Pentatrichomonoides sp., a trichomonad flagellate from Mastotermes darwiniensis. Eur J Protistol 30:372–378
Brune A (1998) Termite guts: the world’s smallest bioreactors. TIBTECH 16:16–21
Brune A, Kühl M (1996) pH profiles of extremely alkaline hindguts of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) determined with microelectrodes. J Insect Physiol 42:1121–1127
Brune A, Miambi E, Breznak JA, (1995a) Roles of oxygen and the intestinal microflora in the metabolisms of lignin-derived phenylpropanoids and other monoaromatic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2688–2695
Brune A, Emerson D, Kühl MJ, Breznak A (1995b) The termite gut microflora as an oxygen sink: microelectrode determination of oxygen and pH gradients in guts of lower and higher termites. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2681–2687
Butler JH, Buckerfield J C (1979) Digestion of lignin by termites. Soil Biol Biochem 11:507–511
Cleveland LR, (1924) The physiological and symbiotic relationships between the intestinal protozoa of termites and their hosts, with special reference to Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar Biol Bull 46:117–127
Cleveland LR, Grimstone AV (1964) The fine structure of the flagellate Mixotricha paradoxa and its associated microorganisms. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 159:668–686
Cookson LJ (1988) The site and mechanisms of 14C-lignin degradation by Nasutitermes exitiosus. J Insect Physiol 34:409–414
Curtis AD, Waller DA (1998) Seasonal patterns of nitrogen fixation in termites. Functional Ecol 12: 803–807
Cypionka H (2000) Oxygen respiration by Desulfovibrio species. Ann Rev Microb 54:827–848
Czolij R, Slaytor M, Veivers PC, O’Brien RW (1984) Gut morphology of Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt (Isoptera: Mastotermitidae). Int J Insect Morphol Embryol 13:337–355
Czolij R, Slaytor M, O’Brien RW (1985) Bacterial flora of the mixed segment and the hindgut of the higher termite Nasutitermes exitiosus Hill. (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Appl Environ Microbiol 49:1226–1236
Czolij R, Slaytor M, O’Brien RW (1986) Bacterial flora of the mixed segment and the hindgut of the higher termite Nasutitermes exitiosus Hill (Termitidae, Nasutermitinae). Appl Environ Microbiol 49:1226–1236
Dacks JB, Redfield RJ, 1998 Phylogenetic placement of Trichonympha. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:445–447
Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Viscogliosi E, Gerbod D, Kulda J, Sogin ML, Edgcomb VP (2000) Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids based on small subunit rRNA sequences, with emphasis on the Trichomonadinae subfamily. J Eukaryot Microbiol 47:70–75
Dickman A (1931) Studies on the intestinal flora of termites with reference to the ability to digest cellulose. Biol Bull 61:85–92
Dröge S, Limper U, Emtiazi F, Schönig I, Pavlus N, Drzyzga O, Fischer U, König H (2004) In vitro and in vivio sulfate-reduction in the gut contents of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis and the rose-chafer Pachnoda marginata. J Gen Appl Microbiol: Submitted.
Dyer BD, Khalsa O (1993) Surface bacteria of Streblomastix strix are sensory symbionts. Biosystems 31:169–180
Ebert A, Brune A (1997) Hydrogen concentration pro. les at the oxic-anoxic interface: a microsensor study of the hindgut of the wood-feeding lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Appl Environ Microbiol 63:4039–4046
Esenther G R, Kirk T K (1974) Catabolism of aspen sapwood by Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Ann Entomol Soc Am 67:989–999
Eutick ML, O’Brien RW, Slaytor M (1978) Bacteria from the gut of Australian termites. Appl Environ Microbiol 35:823–828
Fengel D, Wegener G (1984) Wood. Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. Walter deGruyter, Berlin
Fittkau J, Klinge H (1973) On biomass and trophic structure of the Central Amazonian rain forest ecosystem. Biotropica 5:2–14
Fröhlich J, König H (1999a) Ethidium bromide: a fast fluorescent staining procedure for the detection of symbiotic partnership of flagellates and prokaryotes. J Microbiol Meth 35:121–127
Fröhlich J, König H (1999b) Rapid isolation of single microbial cells from mixed natural and laboratory populations with the aid of a micromanipulator. System Appl Microbiol 22:249–257
Fröhlich J, König H (2000) New techniques for the isolation of single prokaryotic cells. FEMS Microbiol Rev 24:567–572
Fröhlich J, Sass H, Babenzien HD, Kuhnigk T, Varma A, Saxena S, Nalepa C, Pfeiffer P, König H (1999) Isolation of Desulfovibrio intestinalis sp. nov., from the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiensis. Can J Microbiol 45:145–152
Golichenkov MV, Kostina NV, Ul’ianova TA, Dobrovol’skaia TG, Umarov MM (2002) Characteristics of nitrogen fixation and denitrification in Termites Neotermes castaneus, Zootermopsis angusticollis, and Reticulitermes lucifugus. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 29: 172–175
Graber JR, Leadbetter JR, Breznak JA (2004) Description of Treponema azotonutricium sp. nov. and Treponema primitia sp. nov., the first spirochetes isolated from termite guts. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:1315–20
Hackstein JHP, Stumm CK (1994) Methane production in terrestrial arthropods. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5441–5445
Hackstein JHP, Langer P, Rosenberg J (1996) Genetic and evolutionary constraints for symbiosis between animals and methanogenic bacteria. Environ. Monitoring and Assessment 42:39–56
Harazono K, Yamashita N, Shinzato N, Watanabe Y, Fukatsu T, Kurane R (2003) Isolation and characterization of aromatics-degrading microorganisms from the gut of the lower termite Coptotermes formosanus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:889–92
Hethener P, Brauman A, Garcia JL (1992) Clostridium termitidis sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium from the gut of the wood-feeding termite, Nasutitermes lujae. SystemAppl Microbiol 15:52–58
Honigberg BM (1970) Protozoa associated with termites and their role in digestion. In: K. Krishna and F. M. Weesner (Eds.). Biology of Termites. Vol. II. Academic Press. NewYork, pp 1–36
Hungate RE (1946) Studies on cellulose fermentation. II. An anaerobic cellulose decomposing actinomycetes, Micromonospora propionici sp. nov. J Bacteriol 51:51–56
Hyodo FT, Inoue J, Azuma I, Tayasu I, Abe T (2000) Role of the mutualistic fungus in lignin degradation in the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes gilvus (Isoptera; Macrotermitinae). Soil Biol Biochem 32:653–658
Iida T, Ohkuma M, Ohtoko K, Kudo T (2000) Symbiotic spirochetes in the termite hindgut: phylogenetic identification of ectosymbiotic spirochetes of oxymonad protists. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 34:17–26
Inoue T, Murashima K, Azuma JI, Sugimoto A, Slaytor M (1997) Cellulose and xylan utilization in the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus. J Insect Physiol 43:235–242
Ji R, Kappler A, Brune A (2000) Transformation and mineralization of synthetic 14C-labeled humic model compounds by soil-feeding termites. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1281–1291
Kane MD, Breznak JA (1991) Acetonema longum gen. sp. nov., an H2/CO2 acetogenic bacterium from the termite, Pterotermes occidentis. Arch Microbiol 156:91–98
Kane MD, Baumann A, Breznak JA (1991) Clostridium mayombei sp. nov., an H2/CO2 acetogenic bacterium from the gut of the African soil-feeding termite, Cubitermes speciosus. Arch Microbiol 156:99–104
Kato K, Kozaki S, Sakuranaga M (1998) Degradation of lignin compounds by bacteria from termite guts. Biotechnol Lett 20:459–462
Keeling P, Poulsen N, McFadden GI (1998) Phylogenetic diversity of parabasalian symbionts from termites, including the phylogenetic position of Pseudotrypanosoma and Trichonympha. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:643–650
Kitade O, Matsumoto T(1998) Characteristics of the symbiotic flagellate composition within the termite family Rhinotermitidae. Symbiosis 25:271–278
König H, Fröhlich J, Berchtold M, Wenzel M (2002) Diversity and microhabitats of the hindgut flora of termites. Recent Res Devel Microbiology 6:125–156
Krasil’nikov NA, Satdykov SI (1969) Estimation of the total bacteria in the intestines of termites. Microbiology 38:289–292
Krishna K (1970) Taxonomy, physiology, and distribution of termites. In: K. Krishna and F. M. Weesner (Ed.) Vol. II. Academic Press, New York. pp 127–152
Kudo T, Ohkuma M, Moriya S, Noda S, Ohtoko K (1998) Molecular phylogenetic identification of the intestinal anaerobic microbial community in the hindgut of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, without cultivation. Extremophiles 2:151–161
Kuhnigk T (1996) Charakterisierung Lignocellulose abbauender und Sulfat reduzierender Bakterien aus dem Termitendarm. Thesis University, Ulm
Kuhnigk T, König H (1997) Degradation of dimeric lignin model compounds by aerobic bacteria isolated fromthe hindgut of xylophagous termites. JBasicMicrobiol 37:205–211
Kuhnigk T, Borst E, Ritter A, Kämpfer P, Graf A, Hertel H, König H (1994) Degradation of lignin monomers by the hindgut flora of termites. System Appl Microbiol 17:76–85
Kuhnigk T, Borst EM, Breunig A, König H, Collins MP, Hutson RA, Kämpfer P (1995) Bacillus oleronius sp. nov., a member of the hindgut flora of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis. Can J Microbiol 41:699–706
Kuhnigk, T, Branke J, Krekeler D, Cypionka H, König H (1996) A feasible role of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the termite gut. System Appl Microbiol 19:139–149
Leadbetter JR, Breznak JA (1996) Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:3620–3631
Leadbetter JR, Crosby LD, Breznak JA (1998) Methanobrevibacter filiformis sp. nov., a filamentous methanogen from termite hindguts. Arch Microbiol 169:287–292
Leadbetter JR, Schmidt TM, Graber JR, Breznak JA (1999) Acetogenesis from H2 plus CO2 by spirochetes from termite guts. Science 283:686–689
Li L, Fröhlich J, Pfeiffer P, König H (2003) Termite’s symbiotic gut Archaezoa are becoming living metabolic fossils. Eukaryotic Cell. 2:1091–1098
Lilburn TG, Byzek KR, Kim KS, Breznak JA (2000) Nitrogen fixation in spirochetes. Abstr. Gen Meeting ASM 100:475
Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Parker J (2001) Brock Mikrobiologie. Goebel W. (Ed. ) Spektrum, Heidelberg
Mannesmann R, Piechowski B (1989) Verteilungsmuster von Gärkammerbakterien einiger Termitenarten Mat Org 24:161–177
Martin MM (1991) The evolution of cellulose digestion in insects. Phil Trans R Soc London B 333:281–288
Martius CR, Wassmann U, Thein A, Bandeira H, Rennenberg, Jung W, Seiler W (1993) Methane emission from wood-feeding termites in Amazonia. Chemosphere 26:623–632
Mishra SC (1979) Studies on deterioration of wood by insects. IV. Digestibility and digestion of major wood components by the termite Neotermes bosei Snyder (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Mat Organismen 14:269–277
Mora P, Lattaud C (1999) Screening termite species for laccase: role of symbiotic fungi. Insect Sci Appl 19:51–55
Moriya S, Ohkuma M, Kudo T (1998) Phylogenetic position of symbiotic protist Dinenympha exilis in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus inferred from the protein phylogeny of elongation factor 1 alpha. Gene 210:221–227
Myles TG (1999) Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Isoptera. XIII Intl. Congress Intl. Union for the Study of Social Insects 29: Adelaide, Australia.
Noda S, Ohkuma M, Usami R, Horikoshi K, Kudo T (1999) Culture-independent characterization of a gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the symbiotic microbialcommunity in the gut of the termite Neotermes koshunensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4935–4942
Noda S, Ohkuma M, Yamada A, Hongoh Y, Kudo T (2003) Phylogenetic position and in situ identification of ectosymbiotic spirochetes on protists in the termite gut. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:625–33
Noirot C (1995) The gut of termites (Isoptera). Comparative anatomy, systematics, phylogeny. I. Lower termites. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 31:197–226
Noirot C, Noirot-Timotheé C (1969) The digestive system. In: K. Krishna and F. M. Weesner (Eds.). Biology of Termites. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York, pp 49–88
O’Brien RW, Slaytor M (1982) Role of microorganisms of termites. Aust J Biol Sci 35:239–262
Odelson DA, Breznak JA (1983) Volatile fatty acid production by the hindgut microbiota of xylophagous termites. Appl Environ Microbiol 45:1602–1613
Odelson DA, Breznak JA (1985) Nutrition and growth characteristics of Trichomitopsis termopsidis, a cellulolytic protozoan fromtermites. Appl EnvironMicrobiol 49:614–621
Ohkuma M, Ohtoko K, Grunau C, Moriya S, Kudo T (1998) Phylogenetic identification of the symbiotic hypermastigote Trichonympha agilis in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus based on small-subunit rRNA sequence. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:439–444
Ohkuma M, Noda S, Kudo T (1999a) Phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixation genes in the symbiotic microbial community. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4926–4934
Ohkuma M, Iida T, Kudo T (1999b) Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic spirochetes in the gut of diverse termites. FEMS Microbiol Lett 181:123–129
Ohkuma M, Noda S, Kudo T (1999c) Phylogeny of symbiotic methanogenes in diverse termites. FEMS Microbiol Lett 171:147–153
Ohtoko K, Ohkuma M, Moriya S, Inoue T, Usami R, Kudo T (2001) Diverse genes of cellulase homologues of glycosyl hydrolase family 45 from the symbiotic protists in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Extremophiles 4:343–349
Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Cooke SM, Fussing V, Poulsen LK, Breznak JA (1996) Phylogeny of not-yet-cultured spirochetes from termite guts. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:347–352
Pasti MB, Belli ML (1985) Cellulolytic activity of actinomycetes isolated from termites (Termitidae) gut. FEMS Microbiol Lett 26:107–112
Pasti MB, Pometto AL III, Nuti MP, Crawford DL (1990) Lignin-solubilizing ability of actinomycetes isolated from the termite (Termitidae) gut. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2213–2218
Paul J, Sarkar A, Varma AK (1986) In vitro studies of cellulose digesting properties of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from termite gut. Curr Sci 55:710–714
Potrikus C J, Breznak JA (1977) Nitrogen-fixing Enterobacter agglomerans isolated from guts of wood-eating termites. Appl Environ Microb 33:392–399
Potrikus CJ, Breznak JA (1980) Uric acid-degrading bacteria in guts of termites Reticulitermes flavipes. Appl Environ Microbiol 40:117–124
Prillinger H, Messner R, König H, Bauer R, Lopandic K, Molnar O, Dangel P, Weigang F, Kirisitis T, Nakase T, Sigler L (1996) Yeast associated with termites: a phenotypic and genotypic characterization and use of coevolution for dating evolutionary radiations in asco-and basidiomycetes. System Appl Microbiol 19:265–283
Radek R, Hausmann K (1993) Symbiontische Flagellaten im Termitendarm. In: Extremophile Mikroorganismen in ausgefallenen Lebensräumen. Hausmann K, Kremer BP (Eds.) VCH, Weinheim, pp 325–339
Radek R, Tischendorf G(1999) Bacterial adhesion to different termite flagellates: ultrastructural and functional evidence for distinct molecular attachment modes. Protoplasma 207:43–53
Radek R, Hausmann K, Breunig A (1992) Ectobiotic and endocytobiotic bacteria associated with the termite flagellate Joenia annectens. Acta Protozool 31:93–107
Radek R, Roesel J, Hausmann K (1996) Light and electron microscopic study of the bacterial adhesion to termite flagellates applying lectin cytochemistry. Protoplasma 193:105–122
Rajagopal S, Rao DR, Varma AK (1979) Association of fungi in the termite gut. Curr Sci 48:998–999
Rajagopal S, Rao DR., Varma AK (1981) Fungi from worker termite gut, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) from northern India. Nova Hedwigia 34:97–100
Rouland C, Lenoir F, Lepage M (1991) The role of the symbiotic fungus in the digestive metabolism of several species of fungus-growing termites. Comp Biochem Physiol 99A:657–663
Rouland C, Braumann A, Labat M, Lapage M (1993) Nutritional factors affecting methane emission from termites. Chemosphere 26:617–622
Saxena S, Bahadur J, Varma A (1993) Cellulose and hemicellulose degrading bacteria from the termite gut and mound soils of India. Ind J Microbiol 33:55–60
Schäfer A, Konrad R, Kuhnigk T, Kämpfer P, Hertel H, König H (1996) Hemicellulose-degrading bacteria and yeasts from the termite gut. J Appl Bacteriol 80:471–478
Schmitt-Wagner D, Brune A (1999) Hydrogen profiles and localization of methanogenic activities in the highly compartmentalized hindgut of soil-feeding higher termites (Cubitermes spp.). Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4490–4496
Schultz JE, Breznak JA (1978) Heterotrophic bacteria present in hindgut of wood-eating termites [Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)]. Appl Environ Microbiol 35: 930–936
Sebald M, Prévot AR (1962) Étude d’une nouvelle espèce anaérobic stricte Micromonospora acetoformici n. sp. isolée de l’intestin postérieur de Reticulitermes lucifugus var. santonensis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur Paris 102:199–214
Seifert K, Becker G (1965) Der chemische Abbau von Laub-und Nadelholzarten durch verschiedene Termiten. Holzforschung 19:105–111
Slaytor M (1992) Cellulose digestion in termites and cockroaches: what role do symbionts play? Comp. Biochem Physiol 103B:775–784
Taguchi, F, Chang-Jun D, Mizukami N, Saito TT, Hasegawa K and Morimoto M (1993) Isolation of a hydrogen-producing bacterium, Clostridium beijerinckii strain AM21B, from termites. Can J Microbiol 39:726–730
Tayasu, I., Sugimoto A, Wada E, Abe T (1994) Xylophagous termites depending on atmospheric nitrogen. Naturwissenschaften 81:229–231
Thayer DW (1976) Facultative wood-digesting bacteria from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes hesperus. J Gen Microbiol 95:287–296
Thayer DW(1978) Carboxymethylcellulase produced by facultative bacteria fromthe hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes hesperus. J Gen Microbiol 106:13–18
Tholen A, Brune A (1999) Localization and in situ activities of homoacetogenic bacteria in the highly compartmentalized hindgut of soil-feeding higher termites. (Cubitermes spp.). Appl Environ Microb 65:4497–4505
Tholen A, Schink B, Brune A (1997) The gut microflora of Reticulitermes flavipes, its relation to oxygen, and evidence for oxygen-dependent acetogenesis by the most abundant Enterococcus sp. FEMS Microbio Ecol 24:137–149
To LP, Margulis L, Chase D, Nutting WL (1980) The symbiotic microbial community of the sonoran desert termite: Pterotermes occidentis. Biosystems 13:109–137
Tokuda, G, Watanabe H, Matsumoto T, Noda H (1997) Cellulose digestion in the woodeating higher termite, Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki): distribution of cellulases and properties of endo-beta-1.4-glucanase. Zool Science 14:83–93
Tokuda, G, Lo N, Watanabe H, Slaytor M, Matsumoto T, Noda H (1999) Metazoan cellulase genes from termites: intron/exon structures and sites of expression. Biochim Biophys Acta 1447:146–159
Tokuda G, Yamaoka I, Noda H (2000) Localization of symbiotic clostridia in the mixed segment of the termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki). Appl Environ Microb 66:2199–2207.
Tokura M, Ohkuma M, Kudo T (2000) Molecular phylogeny of methanogens associated with flagellated protists in the gut and with the gut epithelium of termites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 33:233–240
Trinkerl M, Breunig A, Schauder R, König H (1990) Desulfovibrio termitidis sp. nov., a carbohydrate-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium from the hindgut of a termite. System Appl Microbiol 13:373–377
Varma A, Kolli BK, Paul J, Saxena S, König H (1994) Lignocellulose degradation by microorganisms from termite hills and termite guts: a survey on the present state of art. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15:9–28
Veivers PC, O’Brien RW and Slaytor W (1980) The redox state of the gut of termites. J Insect Physiol 26:75–77
Veivers, PC, O’Brien RW, Slaytor M (1982) Role of bacteria in maintaining the redox potential in the hindgut of termites and preventing entry of foreign bacteria. J Insect Physiol 28:947–951
Viscogliosi E, Philippe H, Baroin A, Perasso R, Brugerolle G (1993) Phylogeny of trichomonads based on partial sequences of large subunit rRNA and on cladistic analysis of morphological data. J Euk Microbiol 40:411–421
Watanabe H, Noda H, Tokuda G, Lo N (1998) A cellulase gene of termite origin. Nature 394:330–331
Watanabe Y, Shinzato N, Fukatsu T. (2003) Isolation of actinomycetes from termites’ guts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:1797–801
Wenzel M, Schönig I, Berchtold M, Kämpfer P, König H (2002) Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. J Appl Microbiol 92:32–40
Wenzel M, Radek R, Brugerolle G, König H (2003) Identification of the ectosymbiotic bacteria of Mixotricha paradoxa involved in movement symbiosis. Eur J Protistol 39:11–23
Wier A, Dolan M, Grimaldi D, Guerrero R, Wagensberg J, Margulis (2002). Spirochete and protist symbionts of a termite (Mastotermes electrodominicus) inMiocene amber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:1410–3
Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990) Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya Proc Natl Acad Sci 87: 4576–4579
Wood, TG, Sands WA (1978) The role of termites in ecosystems. In: J. V. Brian (Ed. ) Production Ecology of Ants and Termites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 245–292
Yamin MA (1978) Axenic cultivation of the cellulolytic flagellate Trichomitopsis termopsidis (Cleveland) from the termite, Zootermopsis. J Protozool 25:535–538
Yamin MA (1979) Flagellates of the orders Trichomondida Kirby, Oxymonadida Grassé, and Hypermastigida Grassi & Foà reported from lower termites (Isoptera families Mastotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, Termopsidae, Rhinotermitidae, and Serritermitidae) and from the wood-feeding roach Cryptocercus (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae). Sociobiology 4:4–119
Yamin MA (1980) Cellulose metabolism by the termite flagellate Trichomitopsis termopsidis. Appl Environ Microbiol 39:859–863
Yamin MA (1981) Cellulose metabolism by the flagellate Trichonympha from the termite is independent of endosymbiotic bacteria. Science 211:58–59
Yokoe Y (1964) Cellulase activity in the termites, Leucotermes speratus, with new evidence in support of a cellulase produced by the termite itself. Scientific Papers of the College of General Education, Univ Tokyo 14:115–120
Yoshimura T, Tsunoda K, Takahashi M (1992) Distribution of the symbiotic protozoa in the hindgut of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Jpn. J Environ Entomol Zool 4:115–120
Zimmerman PR, Greenberg JP, Wandiga SO, Crutzen PJ (1982) Termites: a potentially large source of atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, and molecular hydrogen. Science 218: 563–565
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
König, H., Fröhlich, J., Hertel, H. (2006). Diversity and Lignocellulolytic Activities of Cultured Microorganisms. In: König, H., Varma, A. (eds) Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates. Soil Biology, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28185-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28185-1_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28180-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28185-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)