Abstract
In a multi-agent system, agents must decide what to do and by what order. Autonomy is a key notion in such a system, since it is mainly the autonomy of the agents that makes the environment unpredictable and complex. From a user standpoint, autonomy is equally important as an ingredient that has to be used with parsimony: too much leads to agents fulfilling their own goals instead of those of the user, too little renders agents that are too dependent upon user commands and choices for their execution. Autonomy has a role in deciding which are the new goals of the agent, and it has another in choosing which of the agent’s goals are going to be addressed next. We have proposed the BVG (Beliefs, Values, Goals) architecture with the idea of making decisions using multiple evaluations of a situation, taking the notion of value as central in the motivational mechanisms in the agent’s mind. The agent will consider the several evaluations and decide in accordance with its goals in a rational fashion. In this paper we extend this architecture in three different directions: we consider the source of agent’s goals, we enhance the decisional mechanisms to consider a wider range of situations, and we introduce emotion as a meta-level control mechanism of the decision processes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antunes, L.: Towards a model for value-based motivated agents. In: proceedings of MASTA 1997 EPIA 1997 workshop on Multi-agent Systems: Theory and Applications, Coimbra (October 1997)
Antunes, L., Coelho, H.: Decisions based upon multiple values: the BVG agent architecture. In: Barahona, P., Alferes, J.J. (eds.) EPIA 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1695. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Antunes, L., Coelho, H.: Rationalising decisions using multiple values. In: proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Science, Siena (October 1999)
Antunes, L., Moniz, L., Azevedo, C.: RB+: The dynamic estimation of the opponent’s strength. In: proceedings of the AISB Conference, IOS Press, Birmingham (1993)
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., Damasio, A.R.: Decidingadvantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science 275 (February 28 1997)
Botelho, L., Coelho, H.: Emotion-based attention shift in autonomous agents. In: Jennings, N.R., Wooldridge, M.J., Müller, J.P. (eds.) ECAI-WS 1996 and ATAL 1996. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1193. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Botelho, L., Coelho, H.: Adaptive agents: emotion learning. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Grounding Emotions in Adaptive Systems. Fifth International Conference of the Society for Adaptive Behaviour 1998 (SAB 1998), Zurich, August 21, pp. 19–24 (1998)
Botelho, L., Coelho, H.: Artificial autonomous agents with artificial emotions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents 1998), Minneapolis/St. Paul, May 10-13, pp. 449–450 (1998)
Caldas, J.M.C., Coelho, H.: The origin of institutions, socio-economic processes, choice, norms and conventions. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (JASSS) 2(2) (1999)
Castelfranchi, C.: Social Power. A point missed in Multi-Agent, DAI and HCI. In: Demazeau, Y., Müller, J.P. (eds.) Decentralized AI - Proceedings of MAAMAW 1990,, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amesterdam (1990)
Castelfranchi, C.: Guarantees for autonomy in cognitive agent architecture. In: Wooldridge, M.J., Jennings, N.R. (eds.) ECAI 1994 and ATAL 1994. LNCS, vol. 890. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Corrêa, M., Coelho, H.: From mental states and architectures to agents. programming. In: Coelho, H. (ed.) IBERAMIA 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1484, pp. 64–75. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Cohen, P.R., Levesque, H.J.: Intention=Choice+Commitment. In: proceedings of AAAI 1987 (1987)
Damasio, A.: Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human’s Brain. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York (1994)
Doyle, J.: Rationality and its roles in reasoning. Computational Intelligence 8(2) (May 1992)
Elliott, C.: Research problems in the use of a shallow artificial intelligence model of personality and emotion. In: Proceedings of AAAI 1994 (1994)
Hollis, M.: The Philosophy of Social Science - An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)
LeDoux, J.: The Emotional Brain, Touchstone. Simon and Schuster, New York (1998)
O’Rorke, P., Ortony, A.: Explaining Emotions (Revised), Tech. Rep. ICSTR- 92-22, University of California, Irvine, Department of Information and Computer Science (June 1993)
Ortony, A., Clore, G., Collins, A.: The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)
Paiva, A., Martinho, C.: Proceedings of the workshop on Affect in Interactions (towards a new generations of interfaces), of the 3rd i3 annual conference, Siena (October 1999)
Picard, R.W.: Affective Computing, M.I.T. Media Laboratory Perceptual Computing Section Technical Report No. 321 (November 1995)
Pollack, M.E.: Overloading Intentions for Efficient Practical Reasoning. Noûs 25(4) (1991)
Pollack, M.E., Ringuette, M.: Introducing the tileworld: experimentally evaluating agent architectures. In: Proceedings of AAAI 1990 (1990)
Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Modeling Rational Agents within a BDIArchitecture. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1991)
Russell, S.: Rationality and Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 94(1-2) (July 1997)
Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1995)
Russell, S., Wefald, E.: Do the right thing - studies in limited rationality. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1991)
Simon, H.: The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd edn. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)
Sloman, A.: Motives, Mechanisms and Emotions. Emotion and Cognition 1, 3 (1987)
Sloman, A.: Prolegomena to a Theory of Communication and Affect. In: Ortony, A., Slack, J., Stock, O. (eds.) AI and Cognitive Science: Perspectives on Communication. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Antunes, L., Coelho, H. (2000). Redesigning the Agents’ Decision Machinery. In: Paiva, A. (eds) Affective Interactions. IWAI 1999. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1814. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10720296_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/10720296_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41520-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44559-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive