Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
7. References
Boonman, A.M.S., Stark, R., Van der Taak, F.F.S., van Dischoek, E.F., van der Waal, P.B., Schäfer, F., de Lange, G., and Lauwen, W.M. (2001) Highly abundant HCN in the inner hot envelope of GL 2591: Probing the birth of a hot core?, Astrophysical J. 553, L63–L67.
Budil, D.E., Roebber, J.L., Liebman, S.A., and Matthews, C.N. (2003) Multifrequency electron spin resonance detection of solid state organic free radicals in HCN polymers and a Titan tholin, Astrobiology, in press.
Cronin, J.R. (1976) Acid-labile amino acid precursors in the Murchison meteorite, Origins of Life 7, 337–348.
Cronin, J.R., Pizzarello, S., and Matthews, C.N. (1993) unpublished results.
Cruikshank, D.P., Hartmann, W.K., Tholen, D.J., Allamandola, L.J., Brown, R.H., Matthews, C.N., and Bell, J.F. (1991) Solid CN bearing material on outer solar system bodies, Icarus 94, 345–353.
Ehrenfreund, P., Boon, J.J., Commandeur, J., Sagan, C, Thompson, W.R., and Khare, B. (1994) Analytical pyrolysis experiments of Titan aerosol analogues in preparation for the Cassini-Huyghens mission, Adv. Space Res. 15(3) 335–342.
Evans, R.A., Lorencak, P., Ha, T.-K., and Wentrup, C. (1991) HCN dimers: iminoacetonitrile and N-cyanomethanimine, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7261.
Ferris, J.P., and Hagan, WJ. (1984) HCN and chemical evolution: the possible role of cyano compounds in prebiotic synthesis, Tetrahedron 40, 1093–1120.
Garbow, J.R., Schaefer, J., Ludicky, R.A., and Matthews, C.N. (1987) Detection of secondary amides in HCN polymers by dipolar rotational spin-echo 15N NMR, Macromolecules 20, 305–309.
Jameson, C.J., and Yang, W. (1972) Quantum-mechanical treatment of the electronic structures and geometry of the hydrogen cyanide dimer, J. Theor. Biol. 35,247–257.
Joyce, G.F., and Orgel, L.E. (1993) Prospects for understanding the origin of the RNA world in Gesteland, R.F., and Atkins, J.F. (eds) The RNA World, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Ch. 1.
Keller, H.U., Arpigny, C, Barbieri, C, Bonnet, R.M., Cazes, S., Coradini, M., Cosmovici, C.B., Delamere, W.A., Huebner, W.F., Hughes, D.W., Jamar, C, Malaise, D., Reitsema, H.J., Schmidt, W.K.H., Seige, P., Whipple, F.L., and Wilhelm, K. (1986) First Halley multicolour imaging results from Giotto, Nature 321, 320–326.
Kerridge, J.F. (1991) A note on the prebiotic synthesis of organic acids in carbonaceous meteorites, Origins of Life 21, 19–21.
Khare, B.N., Sagan, C, Thompson, W.R., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Calcott, T.A., Williams, M.W., Shrader, S., Ogino, H., Willingham, T.O., and Nagy, B. (1984) The organic aerosols of Titan, Adv. Space Res 4, 59–68.
Khare, B.N., Sagan, C, Thompson, W.R., Flynn, L., and Morrison, MA. (1989) Amino acids and their polymers in the lower clouds of Jupiter? Preliminary findings, Origins of Life 19, 495–496.
Khare, B.N., Thompson, W.R., Sagan, C, and Arakawa, F.T. (1993) Organic aerosols in the atmosphere of Titan, Origins of Life 24, 95–96.
Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., Arakawa, E.T., Meiss, C., Tuminello, P.S. (1994) Optical properties of poly-HCN and their astronomical applications, Can. J. Chem. 72, 678–694.
Kliss, R.M., and Matthews, C.N. (1962) Hydrogen cyanide dimer and chemical evolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48, 1300–1306.
Kvenvolden, K.A., Lawless, J.G., and Folsome, C.E. (1973) Organic matter in meteorites, Sci. Amer. 227, June, 38–54.
Liebman, S.A., Pesce-Rodriguez, R.A., and Matthews, C.N. (1995) Organic analysis of hydrogen cyanide polymers: prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry, Adv. SpaceRes. 15,(3) 71–80.
Lowe, C.U., Rees, M.W., and Markham, R. (1963) Synthesis of complex organic compounds from simple precursors: formation of amino acids, amino acid polymers, fatty acids and purines from ammonium cyanide, Nature 199, 219–222.
Matthews, C.N., and Moser, R.E. (1966) Prebiological protein synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 56, 1087–1094.
Matthews, C.N., and Moser, R.E. (1967) Peptide synthesis from hydrogen cyanide and water, Nature 215, 1230–1234.
Matthews, C.N., Nelson, J., Varma, P., and Minard, R.D. (1977) Deuterolysis of amino acid precursors: evidence for hydrogen cyanide polymers as protein ancestors, Science 198, 622–624.
Matthews, C.N., Nelson, J.E., and Minard, R.D. (1980) Deuterolysis of amino acid precursors: evidence for hydrogen cyanide polymers as protein ancestors, Abstracts, 6th Int. Conf. on the Origins of Life, Jerusalem, June, 100.
Matthews, C.N. (1982) Heteropolypeptides on Titan?, Origins of Life 12, 281–286.
Matthews, C.N. (1984) Chemical evolution: protons to proteins, Proc. Roy. Inst. Gt. Britain 55, 199–206.
Matthews, C.N., Ludicky, R.A., Schaefer, J., Stejskal, E.O., and McKay, RA. (1984) Heteropolypeptides from hydrogen cyanide and water: solid state 15N NMR investigations, Origins of Life 14,243–249.
Matthews, C.N., and Ludicky, R.A. (1986) The dark nucleus of comet Halley: hydrogen cyanide polymers, Proc. 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration ofHalley&s Comet, ESA SP-250, 273–277.
Matthews, C.N. (1986) Simultaneous synthesis of polypeptides and polynucleotides? Hydrogen cyanide polymers as prebiotic condensing agents, Origins of Life 16, 500.
Matthews, C.N. (1988) Cosmic metabolism: the origin of macromolecules, in Marx, G. (ed.), Bioastronomy-The Next Steps, Kluwer, Dordrecht, Holland, 167–178.
Matthews, C.N. (1990) Simultaneous synthesis of polypeptides and polynucleotides? Hydrogen cyanide polymers as prebiotic condensing agents, in Ponnamperuma, C, and Eirich, F.R. (eds.), Prebiological Self Organization of Matter, Deepak, Hampton, VA, 171–178.
Matthews, C.N. (1992) Dark matter in the solar system: hydrogen cyanide polymers, Origins of Life 21, 421–434.
Matthews, C.N., and Ludicky, R.A. (1992) Hydrogen cyanide polymers on comets, Adv. Space Res 12,(4) 21–24.
Matthews, C.N. (1997) Hydrogen cyanide polymers from the impact of Comet P/Shoemaker/Levy 9 on Jupiter, Adv. Space Res. 19,(7) 1087–1091.
Matthews, C.N. (2000) Chemical evolution in a Hydrogen Cyanide World, in Margulis, L., Haselton, A., and Matthews, C.N. (eds.), Environmental Evolution, 2nd Edition, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, Ch. 3.
McDonald, G.D., Khare, B.N., Thompson, W.R., and Sagan, C. (1991) CH4/NH3/H2O spark tholin: chemical analysis and interaction with Jovian aqueous clouds, Icarus 94, 354–367.
McKay, R.A., Schaefer, J., Stejskal, E.O., Ludicky, R.A., and Matthews, C.N. (1984) Double-cross-polarization detection of labeled chemical bonds in HCN polymerization, Macromolecules 17, 1124–1130.
Miller, S.L. (1953) A production of amino acids under possible primitive earth conditions, Science 117, 528.
Miller, S.L., and Urey, H.C. (1959) Organic compounds synthesis on the primitive earth, Science 130, 245–250.
Miller, S.L., and Orgel, L.E. (1974) The Origins of Life on the Earth, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Minard, R.D., Yang, W., Varma, P., Nelson, J., and Matthews, C.N. (1975) Heteropolypeptides from poly-α-cyanoglycine and hydrogen cyanide: a model for the origin of proteins, Science 190, 387–389.
Minard, R.D., Hatcher, P.G., Gormley, R.C., and Matthews, C.N. (1998) Structural investigations of hydrogen cyanide polymers. New insights using TMAH Thermochemolysis/GC-MS, Origins of Life 28, 461–473.
Minard, R.D., Stauffer, E., Kahle, K., and Matthews, C.N. (2000) Titan N2/CH4 tholin contains HCN polymers: evidence from TMAH Thermochemolysis/GC-MS analysis, Abstracts, Astrobiology Sci. Conf, April, 2000.
Minard, R.D., Parsons, K., Johnson, A., Shields, E., Fiddler, M., Jones, A.D., and Matthews, C.N. (2002) Surface autocatalytic HCN polymerization. Evidence for glycine oligomers in (HCN)x and a water-soluble HCN hexamer, Abstracts, Astrobiology Sci. Conf, April, 2002.
Moser, R.E., and Matthews, C.N. (1968) Hydrolysis of aminoacetonitrile: peptide formation, Experientia 24, 658–659.
Moser, R.E., Claggett, A.R., and Matthews, C.N. (1968) Peptide formation from diaminomaleonitrile (HCN tetramer) and from aminomalononitrile (HCN trimer), Tetrahedron Lett. 1599–1608.
Oró, J., and Kamat, (1961) Amino acid synthesis from hydrogen cyanide under possible primitive earth conditions, Nature 190, 442–443.
Oró, J., and Kimball, A.P. (1962) Synthesis of purines under possible primitive earth conditions. I. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 96, 293–295.
Oró, J., and Lazcano-Araujo, A. (1980) The role of HCN and its derivatives in prebiotic evolution, in Vennesland, B., Conn., E.E., Knowles, C.J., Westley, J., and Wissing, F., (eds.), Cyanide in Biology, Academic Press, New York, NY, 517–541.
Owen, T. (1982) Titan, Sci. Amer. 246, February, 98–109.
Peltzer, E.T., Bada, J.L., Schlesinger, G., and Miller, S.L. (1984) Strecker synthesis of amino acids, Adv. Space Res. 4, 69.
Pendleton, Y.J., and Cruikshank, D.P. (1994) Life from the Stars?, Sky and Telescope, March, 36–42.
Pesce-Rodriguez, R.A., Liebman, S.A., and Matthews, C.N. (1993) Characterization of hydrogen cyanide polymers and the Murchison meteorite: implications for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry, Origins of Life 24, 123–124.
Pflüger, E. (1875) Arch. ges. Phisiol. 10, 641 (see Oró and Lazcano-Araujo, 1980).
Ponnamperuma, C. (1989) Chemical Evolution, J. Brit. Interplanetary Soc. 161, 1005–1010.
Reinhard, R. (1986) The Giotto encounter with comet Halley, Nature 321, 313–318.
Rettig, T.W., Tegler, S.C., Pasto, D.J., and Mumma, M.J. (1992) Comet outbursts and polymers of HCN, Ap. J. 398,293–298.
Sagan, C., and Khare, B.N. (1979) Tholins: organic chemistry of grains and gas, Nature 277, 102–107.
Sagdeev, R.Z., Blamont, J., Galeev, A.A., Moroz, V.I., Shapiro, V.D., Shevchenko, V.I., and Szegö, K. (1986) Vega spacecraft encounters with comet Halley, Nature 321, 259–262.
Schaefer, J., Stejskal, E.O., Jacob, G.S., and McKay, R.M. (1982) Natural abundance N15 NMR of the solids from the reaction of HCN and ammonia, Appl. Spectr. 36, 179–182.
Su, Y.-L., Honda, Y., Hare, P.E., and Ponnamperuma, C. (1982) Search of peptide-like materials in electric discharge experiments, Origins of Life 19, 237–238.
Sun Kwok (2002) Astronomy, June.
Umemoto, K., Takahashi, M, and Yokota, K. (1987) Studies on the structure of HCN oligomers, Origins of Life 17, 283–293.
Völker, T. (1960) Polymeric hydrogen cyanide, Angew. Chem. 72, 379–384.
Warren, C.B., Minard, R.D., and Matthews, C.N. (1974) Synthesis of α-cyanoglycine N-carboxyanhydride and α cyanoglycine. J. Org Chem. 39, 3375–3378.
Whipple, F.L. (1974) The nature of comets, Sci. Amer. 230, February, 48–57.
Woeller, F., and Ponnamperuma, C. (1969) Organic synthesis in a simulated Jovian atmosphere, Icarus 10, 386–392.
Yang, W., Minard, R.D., and Matthews, C.N. (1976) Azacyclopropenylidenimine: a low energy dimer of hydrogen cyanide, J. Theor. Biol. 56, 111–123.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matthews, C.N. (2004). The HCN World. In: Seckbach, J. (eds) Origins. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2522-X_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2522-X_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1813-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2522-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)