Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosylation has turned out to be a major NAD-consuming process in most eukaryotic cells. Although PARP1 exhibits by far the highest capacity to synthesise poly-ADP-ribose, it is active only in situations that are accompanied by DNA damage. It would appear therefore that, under normal physiological conditions, biosynthesis of NAD should not be of critical importance as it is well-known that there is a mulitude of redox reactions using NAD as cofactor, but they are not accompanied by a net loss of the pyridine nucleotide. However, as will be discussed in this chapter, it has now become clear that besides poly-ADP-ribosylation, there are several important regulatory pathways using NAD as substrate. Since they all involve the cleavage of the glycosidic bond between nicotinamide and the ADP-ribose moiety, continuous biosynthesis of NAD is vital to all cells. Accordingly, over the past few years substantial progress has been made in the molecular characterisation of NAD biosynthetic enzymes. In this chapter the newly recognised NAD-mediated regulatory pathways and the advances in the understanding of NAD biosynthesis will be covered. It will also be highlighted that the relationship between PARP1 and NAD synthesis deserves particular attention under conditions of cellular stress involving DNA damage.
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Keywords
- Quinolinic Acid
- Pyridine Nucleotide
- Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
- Nicotinamide Riboside
- Dinitrogenase Reductase
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Ziegler, M. (2006). NAD: Metabolism and Regulatory Functions. In: Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36005-0_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36005-0_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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