Abstract
From a physicist“s point of view, and regardless of the genetic controls, the branching mechanisms of many organs and glands look similar. Most generally, an epithelium forms a pouch-like sheet which elongates and branches repeatedly. During the final steps of organogenesis, the mesenchyme is vascularized in a pattern greatly influenced by the branched epithelium so that main vessels go down (arteries) and up (veins) the main ducts towards distal branches where exchange with capillaries is performed over a very large total surface area. This principle of construction can produce a secretory or filtering or breathing organ and most glands and organs are built in this way. There is either a common phylogeny to all branching organs (see Chapter 1), or there is some simple building principle which impUes easy construction and hence straightforward evolutionary convergence (Fig. 1).
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Fleury, V. et al. (2005). Physical Mechanisms of Branching Morphogenesis in Animals. In: Branching Morphogenesis. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30873-3_12
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