Abstract
Innovation is universally regarded as a major source of economic growth. Correspondingly, innovation activities of firms are generally supposed to have a positive effect on firm performance. Product innovations increase demand; process innovations reduce marginal production costs. As a consequence, firms are able to conquer market shares at the expense of other firms and enhance their competitiveness. However, the time span of a competitive advantage is very short in highly competitive markets and continuous innovations are necessary to maintain a leading position. The positive relationship between innovation activities and economic performance is empirically less established at the firm level than at the macro-level.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Almus, M., 2002, Wachstumsdeterminanten junger Unternehmen. Empirische Analysen für Ost-und Westdeutschland, ZEW Wirtschaftsanalysen, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Almus M., Engel D., Nerlinger E., 1999, Wachstumsdeterminanten junger Unternehmen in den alten und neuen Bundesländern: Ein Vergleich zwischen innovativen und nichtinnovativen Unternehmen, ZEW Discussion Paper, 99-09.
Almus M., Engel D., Prantl S. 2000, The „Mannheim Foundation Panels“ of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), ZEW-Dokumentation, 00–02.
Almus M., Nerlinger E., 1999, Wachstumsdeterminanten junger innovativer Unternehmen: Empirische Ergebnisse für West-Deutschland, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 218(3–4), 257–75.
Almus M., Nerlinger, E., 2000, A Testing “Gibrat’s Law” for Young Firms — Empirical Results for West Germany, Small Business Economics, 15(1), 1–12.
Almus A, Prantl S., Brüderl J., Stahl K. 2001, Woywode M. Die ZEW-Gründerstudie — Konzeption und Erhebung, ZEW-Dokumentation, 01–01.
Audretsch D. B. 1995, Innovation, Growth and Survival, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 441–57.
Audretsch D.B., Klomp L., Thurik A.R., 1999, “Do Services Differ from Manufacturing? The Post-Entry Performance of Firms in Dutch Services.” In Innovation, Industry Evolution, and Employment, Audretsch D.B., Thurik A.R., ed. Cambridge University Press, 230–52.
Audretsch D.B., Mahmood T., 1994, Firm Selection and Industry Evolution: The Post-Entry Performance of New Firms, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 4, 243–260.
Becchetti L., Trovato G., 2002, The Determinants of Growth for Small and Medium Sized Firms. The Availability of External Finance, Small Business Economics, 19, 291–306.
Blechinger D., Pfeiffer F., 1999, Qualifikation, Beschäftigung und technischer Fortschritt. Empirische Evidenz mit den Daten des Mannheimer Innovationspanels, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 218(1+2), 128–46.
Blechinger D., Kleinknecht A., Licht G., Pfeiffer F., 1998, The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Europe — An Analysis using CIS Data, ZEW-Dokumentation, 98-02.
Bloom N., Van Reenen J., 2002, Patents, Real Options and Firm Performance, Economic Journal, 112(478), C97–C116.
Brouwer E., Kleinknecht A., Reijnen J.O.N., 1993, Employment Growth and Innovation at the Firm Level, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 3, 153–59.
Cohen W.M., Klepper S., 1996, A Reprise of Size and R&D, Economic Journal, 106, 925–51.
Cohen W.M., Goto A., Nagata A., Nelson R.R., Walsh, J.P., 2002, R&D Spillovers, Patents and the Incentives to Innovate in Japan and the United States, Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1349–67.
Czarnitzki D., Kraft C., 2004, On the Profitability of Innovative Assets. ZEW Discussion Paper, 04-38.
Das, S., 1995, Size, Age and Firm Growth in an Infant Industry: the Computer Hardware Industry in India, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13, 111–26.
Doms M., Dunne T., Roberts M.J., 1995, The Role of Technology Use in the Survival and Growth of Manufacturing Plants, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 523–42.
Engel, D., 2002, The Impact of Venture Capital on Firm Growth: An Empirical Investigation, ZEW Discussion Paper, 02-02.
Evangelista R., Savona M., 2003, Innovation, Employment and Skills in Services: Firm and Sectoral Evidence. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Special Issue 14(4), 449–74.
Evans D.S., 1987a, The Relationship between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Estimates for 100 Manufacturing Industries, Journal of Industrial Economics, 35, 567–81.
Evans D.S., 1987b, Tests of Alternatives Theories of Firms Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 95(4), 657–74.
Fritsch, Michael, 1990, Arbeitsplatzentwicklung in Industriebetrieben. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Geroski P. A., 1995, What Do We Know About Entry?, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13, 421–40.
Geroski P., 1999, The Growth of Firms in Theory and in Practice. CEPR Discussion Paper, 2092.
Geroski P., Machin S., Van Reenen J., 1993, The Profitability of Innovating Firms, Rand Journal of Economics, 24; 198–211.
Gibrat, Robert, 1931, Les inégalités économiques; applications: aux inégalités des richesses, à la concentration des entreprises, aux populations des villes, aux statistiques des familles, etc., d’une loi nouvelle, la loi de l’effet proportionnel. Paris: Librairie du Recueil Sirey.
Goddard J., Wilson J., Blandon P., 2002, Panel Tests for Gibrat’s Law for Japanese Manufacturing, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20, 415–33.
Greenhalgh C., Longland M., Bosworth D., 2001, Technological Activity and Employment in a Panel of UK Firms, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(3), 260–82.
Greif, S., Schmiedl, D., 2002, Patentatlas Detuschland — Ausgabe 2002 —. Dynamik und Strukturen der Erfindungstätigkeit. München: Deutsches Patent-und Markenamt.
Griliches Z., 1990, Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: a Survey, Journal of Economic Literature, 18(4), 1661–707.
Griliches, Z., Mairesse, J., 1984, “Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level.” In R&D, Patents and Productivity, Griliches, Z., ed. Chicago.
Harhoff D., Stahl K., Woywode M., 1998, Legal Form, Growth and Exit of West German Firms — Empirical Results for Manufacturing, Construction, Trade and Service Industries. Journal of Industrial Economics, 46(4), 453–88.
Heckman J.J., 1979, Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error, Econometrica, 47, 153–61.
Honjo Y., 2004, Growth of New Start-up Firms: Evidence from the Japanese Manufacturing Industry, Applied Economics Letters, 11, 21–32.
Hsueh L., Tu Y., 2004, Innovation and the Operational Performance of Newly Established Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan, Small Business Economics, 23(2), 99–113
Jaumandreu J., 2003, Does Innovation Spur Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis Using Spanish CIS Data. mimeo.
Jovanovic, B., 1982, Selection and the Evolution of Industry. Econometrica, 50(3), 649–70.
Katsoulacos, Y. S., 1986, The Employment Effect of Technical Change. Brighton: Wheatsheaf.
Kirchhoff, B.A. and Phillips, B.D., 1989, “Innovation and Growth Among New Firms in the US Economy.” In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Wellesley, MA: Babson College, 173–188.
Kline, S.J., Rosenberg, N., 1986, “An Overview of Innovation.” In The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, Landau, R., Rosenberg, N., ed. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Klomp L., Van Leeuwen G., 2001, Linking Innovation and Firm Performance: A New Approach, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8(3), 343–64.
König H., Licht G., 1995, Patents, R&D and Innovation: Evidence from the Mannheim Innovation Panel, Ifo Studien, 41(4), 21–43.
Leo H., Steiner V., 1995, Technological Innovation and Employment at the Firm Level. Vienna: WIFO, Austrian Institute of Economic Research.
Licht G., Zoz K., 1996, Patents and R&D. An Econometric Investigation Using Applications for German, European and US Patents by German Companies, ZEW Discussion Paper, 96-19.
Lotti F., Santarelli E., Vivarelli M., 2001. The Relationship Between Size and Growth: The Case of Italian Newborn Firms, Applied Economics Letters, 8(7), 451–454.
Lotti F., Santarelli E., Vivarelli M., 2003, Does Gibrat’s Law Hold Among Young, Small Firms?, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 13, 213–235.
Lööf H., Heshmati A., 2004, Finance, R&D, and Productivity: Correlation or Causality? Preliminary Version presented at the 10th Meeting of the International Schumpeter Society, 9–12 June 2004; Milan.
Mansfield E., 1962, Entry, Gibrat’s Law, and the Growth of Firms, American Economic Review, 52(5), 1023–51.
Markusen, A., Hall, P., Glasmeier, A., 1986, High Tech America, The What, How, Where, and Why of the Sunrise Industries. Boston: Allen & Unwin.
Mata J., 1994, Firm Growth during Infancy, Small Business Economics, 6(1), 27–39.
Penrose, E., 1959, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Peters B., 2004, Employment Effects of Different Innovation Activities: Microeconometric Evidence. ZEW Discussion Paper, 04-73.
Prantl, Susanne, 2002, Bankruptcy, Subsidized Loans, and Exit Decisions of Start-up Firms. Online-Ressource, Mannheim, Univ., Diss.
Rottmann H., Ruschinski M., 1997, Beschäftigungswirkungen des technischen Fortschritts. Eine Paneldaten-Analyse für Unternehmen des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes in Deutschland, Ifo Studien, 43, 55–70.
Smolny, Werner, 1998a, Endogenous Innovations and Knowledge Spillovers — A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. ZEW Economic Studies 12, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
Smolny W., 1998b, Innovation, Prices, and Employment — A Theoretical Model and an Empirical Application for West German Manufacturing Firms, Journal of Industrial Economics, 46, 359–81.
Tether B.S., 1997, Growth Diversity Amongst Innovative and Technology-based New and Small Firms: An Interpretation. New Technology, Work and Employment, 12(2), 91–107.
Van Reenen J., 1997, Employment and Technological Innovation: Evidence from U.K. Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Labour Economics, 15(2), 255–84
Wooldridge, J.M., 2002, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Niefert, M. (2006). Patenting Behavior and Employment Growth in German Start-Up Firms. In: Fritsch, M., Schmude, J. (eds) Entrepreneurship in the Region. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28376-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28376-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-28375-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28376-0
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)