Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spin-Labeled Nucleic Acids

  • Chapter
Biological Magnetic Resonance

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 14))

6. Conclusions

Major progress was made during recent years in applying spin-labeled nucleic acids to biological systems due to the synthesis of new spin-labeled nucleic acid substrates recognized by a variety of nucleic acid polymerizing enzymes. The ready availability of oligonucleotides of defined sequence to serve as templates or primers has made it possible to incorporate spin-labeled bases sequence-specifically enzymatically into DNAs of small as well as large molecular weight. Secondly the synthesis of phosphotriester and phosphoramidate derivatives of spin-labeled nucleotides made it practical routinely to incorporate spin-labeled bases sequence specifically into oligonucleotides with a DNA synthesizer. In addition better analytical methods based on HPLC, FPLC, and CE technology can now be routinely used to verify the quality of spin-labeled nucleic acids. Progress in designing and automating EPR instrumentation and data collection also makes it feasible to work quantitatively with small amounts of spin-labeled oligonucleotides that can serve for instance as hybridization probes with as little as picomole amounts of material. Lastly new theoretical models were developed to allow the extraction of motional ordering and of global and local motion rates from spin-labeled nucleic acid EPR spectra. Success in addressing the question of how to decouple global motion from internal motions now makes it possible to work on gaining a more comprehensive understanding phenomena involving nucleic acids that are critical in cellular development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allison, S. A., Shibata, J. H., Wilcoxon, J., and Schurr, J. M., 1982, Biopolymers 21:729.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, T, and Smith, M., 1984, Solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphite-triester method, in Oligonucleotide Synthesis, a Practical Approach (M. J. Gait, ed.) (IRL, Oxford, UK), p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aurich, H. G., 1989, Nitroxides, in Nitrones, Nitronates, and Nitroxides (E. Breuer, H. G. Aurich, and A. Nielsen, eds.) (Wiley, New York), p. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billeter, M., Qian, Y. Q., Otting, G., Müller, M., Gehring, W., and Wüthrich, K., 1993, J. Mol. Biol. 234:1084.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., and Torrence, P. F., 1978, Polymer 19:115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., 1979, Applications of spin labeling to nucleic acids, in Spin Labeling II: Theory and Applications (L. J. Berliner, ed.) (Academic, New York), p. 291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Langemeier, P. W., Torrence, P. T., and De Clercq, E., 1981, Biochemistry 20:4798.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Langemeier, P. W., Warwick-Koochaki, P. E., Bobst, E. V., and Ireland, J. C., 1982a, J. Biol. Chem. 257:6184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Sinha, T. K., Langemeier, P. W., and Prairie, R. L., 1982b, Computers & Chemistry 4:45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Ozinskas, A. J., and de Clercq, E., 1983, Helv. Chem. Acta 66:534.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Kao, S.-C., Toppin, R. C, Ireland, J. C., and Thomas, I. E., 1984a, J. Mol. Biol. 173:63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Ireland, J. C., and Bobst, E. V, 1984b, J. Biol. Chem. 259:2130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, A. M., Pauly, G. T., Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, E. V, 1988, FEBS Lett. 228:33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, E. V, Bobst, A. M., Perrino, F. W., Meyer, R. R., and Rein, D. C., 1985, FEBS Lett. 181:133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, E. V., Keyes, R. S., Cao, Y. Y, and Bobst, A. M., 1996a, Biochemistry 35:9309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, E. V, Keyes, R. S., Resendez-Perez, D., Gehring, W., and Bobst, A. M., 1996b, Biophys. J. 70:A157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobst, E. V, Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, A. M., 1997, manuscript in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondarev, G. N., Isaeva-Ivanov, V. V, Isaeva-Ivanova, L. S., Kirillov, S. V, Kleiner, A. R., Lepekhin, A. F., Odinzov, V. B., and Fomichev, V. N., 1982, Nucl. Adds Res. 10:1113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassol, R., Ferrarini, A., and Nordio, P. L., 1993, J. Phys. Chem. 97:2933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chastain, P. D., Eichler, E. E., Kang, S., Nelson, D. L., Levene, S. D., and Sinden, R. R., 1995, Biochemistry 34:16125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crothers, D. M., 1994, Science 266:1819.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crothers, D. M., Haran, T. E., and Nadeau, J. G., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 13:7093.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalal, D. P., Eaton, S. S., and Eaton, G. R., 1981, J. Magn. Reson. 44:415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, Y, Wilkosz, P., and Rosenberg, J. M., 1996, J. Mol. Biol. 264:546.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duh, J.-L., 1990, Incorporation of Deoxyuridylic Acid Substituted in Position 5 with One-Atom-Tethered Nitroxides into Oligonucleotides by the Phosphotriester Method, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duh, J.-L., and Bobst, A. M., 1991, Helv. Chim. Acta 74:739.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eimer, W., Williamson, J. R., Boxer, S. G., and Pecora, R., 1990, Biochemistry 29:799.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fidanza, J. A., and McLaughlin, L, W., 1989, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folta-Stogniew, E., and Russu, I. M., 1994, Biochemistry 33:11016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, C. A., Grable, J., Melia, M., Samudzi, C., Jen-Jacobson, L., Wang, B.-C., Greene, P., Boyer, H. W., and Rosenberg, J. M., 1984, Nature 309:327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, J. H., 1976, Theory of slow-tumbling ESR spectra for nitroxides, in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications (L. J. Berliner, ed.) (Academic, New York), pp. 53–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freed, J. H., 1998, Line widths, line shapes, and spin relaxation in the one-and two-dimensional ESR of organic radicals and spin labels, in Foundations of Modern EPR (G. Eaton, S. Eaton, and K. Salikhov, eds.) (Worlol Scientific,), pp..

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritsch, V, Ravishanker, G., Beveridge, D. L., and Westhof, E., 1993, Biopolymers 33:1537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Froehler, B. C., Wadwani, S., Terhorst, T. J., and Gerrard, S. R., 1992, Tetrahedron Lett. 33:5307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gait, M. J., 1984, An introduction to modern methods of DNA synthesis, in Oligonucleotide Synthesis, a Practical Approach (M. M. Gait, ed.) (IRL Press,), p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehring, W. J., Müller, M., Affolter, M., Percival-Smith, A., Billeter, M., Qian, Y. Q., Otting, G., and Wüthrich, K., 1990, Trends Genet. 6:323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gehring, W. J., Qian, Y. Q., Billeter, M., Furukubo-Tokunaga, K., Schier, A. F., Resendez-Perez, D., Affolter, M., Otting, G., and Wüthrich, K., 1994, Cell 78:211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georghiou, S., Bradrick, T. D., Philippetis, A., and Beechem, J. M., 1996, Biophys. J. 70:1909.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, K. J., and Benkovic, S. J., 1987, Nucleic Acid Research 15:6455.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godde, J. S., and Wolffe, A. P., 1996, J. Biol. Chem. 271:15222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, O. H., and Jost, P. C., 1976, Lipid spin labels in biological membranes, in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications (L, J. Berliner, ed.) (Academic, New York), pp. 453–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman, P. J., 1985, Biochemistry 24:7033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman, P. J., 1988, Ann. Rev. Biophys. 17:265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman, P. J., 1992, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1131:125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakam, A., Thomas, I. E., and Bobst, A. M., 1980, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2:49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haralambidis, J., Chai, M., and Tregear, G. W., 1987, Nucl. Acids Res. 15:4857.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustedt, E. J., Spaltenstein, A., Kirchner, J. J., Hopkins, P. B., and Robinson, B. H., 1993a, Biochemistry 32:1774.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustedt, E. J., Cobb, C. E., Beth, A. H., and Beechem, J. M., 1993b, Biophys. J. 64:614.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustedt, E. J., Kirchner, J. J., Spaltenstein, A., Hopkins, P. B., and Robinson, B. H., 1995, Biochemistry 34:4369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, J. S., Mason, R. P., Hwang, L.-P., and Freed, J. H., 1975, J. Phys. Chem. 79:489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, J. C., Willet, J. A., and Bobst, A. M., 1983, J. Biochem. Biophys. Meth. 8:49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, J. C., 1984, Physical and Chemical Interactions of Adriamycin and Daunomycin with Spin Labeled Nucleic Acids, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov, I., Raikova, E., Raikov, Z., Yaneva, J., and Kaffalieva, D., 1983, Int. J. Biochem. 15:433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, R. H., and Tjian, R., 1996, Science 272:827.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. E., 1981, Biochemistry 20:3319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamzolova, S. G., and Postnikova, G. B., 1981a, Q. Rev. Biophys. 14:223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamzolova, S. G,, and Postnikova, G. B., 1981b, Molekulyarnaya Biologiya 15:272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamzolova, S. G., 1987, Biokhimiya 52:1577.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, S-C., Polnaszek, C. E, Toppin, C. R., and Bobst, A. M., 1983, Biochemistry 22:5563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, S.-C., and Bobst, A. M., 1985, Biochemistry 24:5465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, S. C., and Bobst, A. M., 1986, J. Magn. Res. 67:125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, B. E., and Itakura, K., 1987, DNA synthesis on solid supports and automation, in Synthesis and Applications of DNA and RNA (S. A. Narang, ed.) (Academic, New York), p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, R. S., 1994, Probing Nucleic Acid Dynamics and Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, A. M., 1993, Biophys. Chem. 45:281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, A. M., 1995, Biochemistry 34:9265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, R. S., Bobst, E. V, Cao, Y. Y., and Bobst, A. M., 1997, Biophys. J. 72:282.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, R. S., Cao, Y. Y, Bobst, E. V, Rosenberg, J. M., and Bobst, A. M., 1996, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y, Choi, J., Grable, J. C., Greene, P., Hager, P., and Rosenberg, J. M., 1994, Studies on the canonical DNA-Eco RI endonuclease complex and the Eco RI kink, in Structural Biology: State of the Art, vol. 1 (R. H. Sarma and M. H. Sarma, eds.) (Adenine, New York), pp. 225–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y, Grable, J. C., Love, R., Greene, P. J., and Rosenberg, J. M., 1990, Science 249:1307.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, J. J., Hustedt, E. J., Robinson, B. H., and Hopkins, P. B., 1990, Tetrahedron Lett. 31:593.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kissinger, C. R., Liu, B., Martin-Blanco, E., Kornberg, T. B., and Pabo, C. O., 1990, Cell 63:579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kryak, D. D., 1990, Sequence Specific Incorporation of Deoxyuridylic Acid Substituted in Position 5 with Two-Atom-Tethered Nitroxides into Oligothymidylic Acids by Phosphotriester Chemistry, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kryak, D. D., and Bobst, A. M., 1990, Nucleosides Nucleotides 9:1015.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Duan, Y, Kollman, P. A., and Rosenberg, J. M., 1994, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 12:487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, M., Lion, Y., and Riesz, P., 1981, Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 39:491.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langemeier, P. W., and Bobst, A. M., 1981, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 208:205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. M., and Marshall, A. G., 1987, Biochemistry 26:5534.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy, J. L., Kochoyan, M., Huynh-Dinh, T., and Guéron, M., 1988, J. Mol. Biol. 200:223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M., and Hoey, T., 1988, Cell 55:537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipari, G., and Szabo, A., 1982, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104:4546.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Love, J. J., Li, X., Case, D. A., Giese, K., Grosschedl, R., and Wright, P. E., 1995, Nature 376:791.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino, K., Murakami, A., Nagahara, S., Nakatsuji, Y., and Takeuchi, T., 1988, Nucl. Acids Res. Symp. Ser. 20:89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino, K., Murakami, A., Nagahara, S., Nakatsuji, Y., and Takeuchi, T., 1989, Free Rad. Res. Comms. 6:311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino, K., Nagahara, S., Konishi, Y., Mukae, M., Ide, H., and Murakami, A., 1993, Free Rad. Res. Comms. 19:S109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D., 1989, Experimental methods in spin-label spectral analysis, in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications, vol. 8, Biol. Magn. Reson. (L. J. Berliner and J. Reuben, eds.) (Plenum, New York), p. 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGhee, J. D., and von Hippel, P. H., 1974, J. Mol. Biol. 86:469.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGinnis, W., Levine, M., Hafen, E., Kuroiwa, A., and Gehring, W. J., 1984, Nature 308:428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. R., Alley, S. C., Reese, A. W., Solomon, M. S., McCallister, W. V., Mailer, C., Robinson, B. H., and Hopkins, P. B., 1995, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:9377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, L. E., Halder, T. C., and Stols, L. M., 1989, Anal. Biochem. 183:231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, A., Nagahara, S., Takeuchi, T., and Makino, K., 1989, Nucl. Acids Res. Symp. Ser. 21:89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, A., Mukae, M., Nagahara, S., Konishi, Y., Ide, H., and Makino, K., 1993, Free Rad. Res. Comms. 19:S117.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordio, P. L., 1976, General magnetic resonance theory, in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications (L. J. Berliner, ed.) (Academic, New York), p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nöthig-Laslo, V., Weygand-Durasevic, I., Zivkovic, T., and Kucan, Z., 1981, Eur. J. Biochem. 117:263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nöthig-Laslo, V., Weygand-Durasevic, I., and Kucan, Z., 1985, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2:941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nöthig-Laslo, V., Podravec, M., and Kucan, Z., 1987, Period. Biol. 89:3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otting, G., Qian, Y. Q., Billeter, M., Müller, M., Affolter, M., Gehring, W. J., and Wüthrich, K., 1990, EMBO J. 9:3085.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozinskas, A. J., 1981, Synthesis of C5-substituted Pyrimidine Nucleosides as Antiviral Agents and Characterization of Nitroxide Labeled Polynucleotides as Molecular Probes, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozinskas, A. J., Devanesan, P. D., Keller, S. J., and Bobst, A. M., 1981, Nucl. Acids Res. 9:5483.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parraga, G., and Klevit, R. E., 1991, Meth. Enzymol. 208:63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, G. T., Thomas, I. E., and Bobst, A. M., 1987, Biochemistry 26:7304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, G. T., Bobst, E. V., Bruckman, D., and Bobst, A. M., 1989, Helv. Chim. Acta 72:110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, C. E., and Sinden, R. R., 1996, Biochemistry 35:5041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persichetti, R. A., Sinden, R. R., Duh, J.-L., and Bobst, A. M., 1991, Synthetic Commun. 21:1013.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, A. I., and Sukhorukov, B. I., 1980, Nucl. Acids Res. 8:4221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, A. I., Ebert, B., Damerau. W., and Sukhorukov, 1985, Stud. Biophys. 107:161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polimeno, A., and Freed, J. H., 1995, J. Phys. Chem. 99:10995.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polnaszek, C. F., and Freed, J. H., 1975, J. Phys. Chem. 79:2283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Y. Q., Billeter, M., Otting, G., Müller, M., Gehring, W. J., and Wüthrich, K., 1989, Cell 59:573.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raikova, E., Ivanov, I., Kaffalieva, D., Demirov, G., and Raikov, Z., 1982, Int. J. Biochem. 14:41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raikova, E. T., Kaffalieva, D. N., Ivanov, I. G., Zakhariev, S. G., and Golovinsky, E. V., 1983, Biochem. Pharmacology 32:587.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B. H., and Drobny, G. P., 1995, Methods Enzymol. 261:451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B. H., Slutsky, L. J., and Auteri, F. P., 1992, J. Chem. Phys. 96:2609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, J. M., Kumar, S., Duan, Y., and Kollman, P., 1994, Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Physics II:228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russel, M., Gold, L., Morrissett, H., and O’Farrell, P. Z., 1976, J. Biol. Chem. 251:7263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saupe, A., 1964, Z. Naturforsch. 19A:161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schleif, R., 1992, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 61:119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D. J., and Freed, J. H., 1989a, Calculating slow motional magnetic resonance spectra, in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications, vol. 8, Biol. Magn. Reson. (L. J. Berliner and J. Reuben, eds.) (Plenum, New York), p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D. J., and Freed, J. H., 1989b, Spin relaxation and motional dynamics, in Lasers, Molecules, and Methods, vol. 73, Adv. Chem. Phys. (J. O. Hirschfelder, R. E. Wyatt, and R. D. Coalson, eds.) (Wiley, New York), p. 387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schurr, J. M., and Fujimoto, B. S., 1988, Biopolymers 27:1543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schurr, J. M., Fujimoto, B. S., Wu, P., and Song, L., 1992, Fluorescence studies of nucleic acids, in Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, vol. 3. Biological Applications (J. R. Lakowicz, ed.) (Plenum, New York), pp. 137–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, M. P., and Weiner, A. J., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinden, R. R., 1994, DNA Bending, in DNA Structure and Function (Academic, New York), p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaltenstein, A., Robinson, B. H., and Hopkins, P. B., 1988, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110:1299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spaltenstein, A., Robinson, B. H., and Hopkins, P. B., 1989a, Biochemistry 28:9484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spaltenstein, A., Robinson, B. H., and Hopkins, P. B., 1989b, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:2303.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spielmann, H. P., Chi, D.-Y, Hunt, N. G., Klein, M. P., and Hearst, J. E., 1995, Biochemistry 34:14801.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhoff, H.-J., 1988, J. Biochem. Biophys. Meth. 17:237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., Bobst, E. V., and Bobst, A. M., 1989, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 273:597.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, A. M., 1990a, Biochemistry 29:8522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., Keyes, R. S., and Bobst, A. M., 1990b, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166:1435.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., Kryak, D. D., Bobst, E. V., and Bobst, A. M., 1991, Bioconjugate Chem. 2:89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., 1992, An Investigation of Z-DNA by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, O. K., Keyes, R. S., Sinden, R. R., and Bobst, A. M., 1995, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 324:357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev, V. P., and Samarianov, B. A., 1993, Appl. Magn. Reson. 4:523.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev, V, and Samarianov, B., 1995, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2:2175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirado, M. M., and García de la Torre, J., 1980, J. Chem. Phys. 73:1986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toppin, C. R., 1983, Synthesis of Analogues of Uridine and 2’-Deoxyuridine Spin Labeled at Positions 4 or 5 as Substrates for RNA and DNA Polymerizing Enzymes, Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toppin, C. R., Thomas, C. R., and Bobst, A. M., 1983a, Helv. Chim. Acta 66:1966.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toppin, C. R., Thomas, C. R., Bobst, E. V., and Bobst, A. M., 1983b, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 5:33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van, S. P., Birrell, G. B., and Griffith, O. H., 1974, J. Magn. Reson. 15:444.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. W., Matteucci, M. D., Grant, D., Huang, T., and Froehler, B. C., 1996, Nature Biotechn. 14:840.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick-Koochaki, P. E., Hakam, A., and Bobst, A. M., 1983, FEBS Lett. 152:157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick-Koochaki, P. E., and Bobst, A. M., 1984, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 228:425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R. R., and Sinden, R. R., 1993, Defined ordered sequence DNA, DNA structure, and DNA-directed mutation, in Genome Analysis, vol. 7: Genome Rearrangement and Stability (K. Davies and S. T. Warren, eds.) (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview), p. 107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weygand-Durasevic, I., Nöthig-Laslo, V., and Kucan, Z., 1984, Eur. J. Biochem. 139:541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weygand-Durasevic, I., and Susic, S., 1990, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1048:38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolberger, C., Vershon, A. K., Liu, B., Johnson, A. D., and Pabo, C. O., 1991, Cell 67:517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. A., Ravishanker, G., Beveridge, D. L., and Berman, H. M., 1995, Biophys. J. 68:2454.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhdanov, R. I., Volkova, L. A., Kuvichkin, V. V., and Petrov, A. I., 1994, Appl. Magn. Reson. 7:115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhurkin, V. B., Ulyanov, N. B., Gorin, A. A., and Jernigan, R. L., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:7046.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA

    Robert S. Keyes & Albert M. Bobst

Authors
  1. Robert S. Keyes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Albert M. Bobst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Lawrence J. Berliner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keyes, R.S., Bobst, A.M. (2002). Spin-Labeled Nucleic Acids. In: Berliner, L.J. (eds) Biological Magnetic Resonance. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47072-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47072-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45644-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47072-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation