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Picoplankton and Other Non-Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria in Lakes

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The Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Summary

Studies on the picocyanobacteria, the major non-bloom forming group in lakes, have increased markedly in the past two decades.These cyanobacteria fall into two major groups, those that predominantly occur as solitary cells (here termed Pcy) and those that occur primarily as colonies (CPcy). The single-celled picoplankton have received most ecological study, though the colonial forms are better known taxonomically.The two groups are distributed worldwide and are ubiquitous in all types of lakes of varying trophic condition. The single-celled Pcy populations tend to be predominant in large, deep oligo-mesotrophic lakes, while the colonial species (CPcy) find optimal conditions in warmer, shallower and more nutrient rich (meso-eutrophic) lakes during the summer.The two groups are euryphotic and appear capable of adapting to a wide variety of light conditions, with CPcy more surface oriented and Pcy often reaching sub-surface peaks at irradiance levels 20–50% of surface values. Growth of the Pcy ranges from 0.1 d-1 to about 3.0 d-1 with doubling times from 7 h to 7 d.Their natural population growth rates are highly variable and appear in most cases to be in balance with loss rates, primarily from grazing. Pcy contribute substantially to total primary production within the euphotic zone, most significantly in ultra-oligotrophic lakes, but also in some meso- and eutrophic lakes, showing optimal growth at high N:P ratios (>20 molar) and more limitation by nitrogen than phosphorus.

Pcy seem less resistant to UV-B radiation than larger-celled algae, and their photosynthesis may be more severely impacted because of their small size and high metabolic activity. Both Pcy and CPcy are generally most common in lakes with neutral to slightly alkaline pH conditions, and Pcy disappear from lakes below pH: <6.0. The CPcy appear to be resistant to grazing and may operate as energy shunts or ‘sinks’ in lakes. Pcy on the other hand are an important food source for many protozoan (nanoflagellates and ciliates) and microzooplankton (rotifers and nauphli) grazers in microbial food webs. A plea is made to researchers to increase their interest in CPcy populations so we may in future better understand their role in food webs and energy flows in lakes. We conclude with a comment on the role of Pcy and CPcy pelagic food webs under a warmer, more nutrient deplete and strongly stratified surface layer, of the type that may be more prevalent in a warmer climate expected in the early decades of the next century.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eco-Logic Ltd, 2614 Mathers Avenue, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V7V 2J4

    John Stockner

  2. C.N.R. -lstituto ltaliano di ldrobiologia, Largo V. Tonolli 50, 28048, Pallanza, Italy

    Cristiana Callieri

  3. Department of Ecology\Limnology, University of Lund, Sweden

    Gertrud Cronberg

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  1. John Stockner
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  2. Cristiana Callieri
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  3. Gertrud Cronberg
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Durham, Durham, England

    Brian A. Whitton

  2. Virginia Tech., Blackburg, USA

    Malcolm Potts

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Stockner, J., Callieri, C., Cronberg, G. (2000). Picoplankton and Other Non-Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria in Lakes. In: Whitton, B.A., Potts, M. (eds) The Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46855-7_7

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