Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nondestructive testing and characterization of residual stress field using an ultrasonic method

  • Measurement and Fault Diagnosis
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Submit manuscript

Abstract

To address the difficulty in testing and calibrating the stress gradient in the depth direction of mechanical components, a new technology of nondestructive testing and characterization of the residual stress gradient field by ultrasonic method is proposed based on acoustoelasticity theory. By carrying out theoretical analysis, the sensitivity coefficients of different types of ultrasonic are obtained by taking the low carbon steel(12%C) as a research object. By fixing the interval distance between sending and receiving transducers, the mathematical expressions of the change of stress and the variation of time are established. To design one sending-one receiving and oblique incidence ultrasonic detection probes, according to Snell law, the critically refracted longitudinal wave (LCR wave) is excited at a certain depth of the fixed distance of the tested components. Then, the relationship between the depth of LCR wave detection and the center frequency of the probe in Q235 steel is obtained through experimental study. To detect the stress gradient in the depth direction, a stress gradient LCR wave detection model is established, through which the stress gradient formula is derived by the relationship between center frequency and detecting depth. A C-shaped stress specimen of Q235 steel is designed to conduct stress loading tests, and the stress is measured with the five group probes at different center frequencies. The accuracy of ultrasonic testing is verified by X-ray stress analyzer. The stress value of each specific depth is calculated using the stress gradient formula. Accordingly, the ultrasonic characterization of residual stress field is realized. Characterization results show that the stress gradient distribution is consistent with the simulation in ANSYS. The new technology can be widely applied in the detection of the residual stress gradient field caused by mechanical processing, such as welding and shot peening.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. LIU C, ZHUANG D. Internal welding residual stress measurement based on contour method[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 48(8): 54–59. (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. TOTTEN G E, HOWES M, INOUE T. Handbook of residual stress and deformation of steel[M]. New York: ASM International Publishers, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  3. CHAN K S, ENRIGHT M P, MOODY J P, et al. Residual stress profiles for mitigating fretting fatigue in gas turbine engine disks[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2010, 32: 815–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. ZAROOG O S, ALI A, SAHARI B B, et al. Modeling of residual stress relaxation of fatigue in 2024-T351 aluminium alloy[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2011, 33: 279–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. JACOMINO J L, BURGOS J S, CRUZ A C, et al. Use of explosives in the reduction of residual stresses in the heated zone of welded joints[J]. Welding International, 2010, 24(12): 920–925.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. WITHERS P J, BHADESHIA H K. Residual stress Part 1––Measurement techniques[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2001, 17: 355–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. ROSSINI N S, DASSISTI M, BENYOUNIS K Y, et al. Methods of measuring residual stresses in components[J]. Materials and Design, 2012, 35: 572–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. MIAO H, ZUO D W, WANG M, et al. Numerical calculation and experimental research on residual stresses in precipitationhardening layer of NAK80 steel for shot peening[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 24(3): 439–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. WITHERS P J. Mapping residual and internal stress in materials by neutron diffraction[J]. Comptes Rendus Physique, 2007, 8(8): 806–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. DESVAUS S, DUQUENNOY M, GUALANDRI J, et al. Evaluation of residual stress profiles using the Barkhausen noise effect to verify high performance aerospace bearings[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2005, 20(1): 9–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. JHANG K Y, QUAN H H, HA J, et al. Estimation of clamping force in high-tension bolts through ultrasonic velocity measurement[J]. Ultrasonics, 2006, 44: e1339–e1342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. SASAKI Y, HASEGAWA M. Effect of anisotropy on acoustoelastic birefringence in wood[J]. Ultrasonics, 2007, 46: 184–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. CHAKI S, COMELOUP G, LILLAMAND I, et al. Combination of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves for in situ control of the tightening of bolts[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2007, 129(3): 383–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. HU E Y, HE Y M, CHEN Y M. Experimental study on the surface stress measurement with Rayleigh wave detection technique[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2009, 70: 356–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. LIU Z H, LIU S, WU B, et al. Experimental research on acoustoelastic effect of ultrasonic guided waves in prestressing steel strand [J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 46(2): 22–27. (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. LIU M, KIM J Y, JACOBS L, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear Rayleigh wave propagation in shot-peend aluminum plates— Feasibility of measuring residual stress[J]. NDT&E International, 2011, 44: 67–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. LU H, LIU X S, ZHU Z, et al. Rapid and nondestructive measurement system for welding residual stress by ultrasonic method[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 21(6): 91–93.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. HUGHES D S, KELLY J L. Second-Order elastic deformation of solids[J]. Physics Review, 1953, 92(5): 1145–1149.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. TATSUO T, YUKIO I. Acoustical birefringence of ultrasonic waves in deformed isotropic elastic materials[J]. International Journal of Solids Structures, 1968, 4: 383–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. PAO Y H, SACHSE W. Acoustoelasticity and ultrasonic measurement of residual stresses[J]. Physical Acoustics, 1984, 17: 62–140.

    Google Scholar 

  21. BRAY D E, JUNGHANS P. Application of the Lcr ultrasonic technique for evaluation of post-weld heat treatment in steel plates[J]. NDT&E International, 1995, 28(4): 235–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. ROSE J L. Ultrasonic waves in solid media[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  23. VIKTOR H. Structural and residual stress analysis by nondestructive methods[M]. Netherlands: Elsevier Press, 1997.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. YASHAR J, MEHDI A, MEHDI A N, Using finite element and ultrasonic method to evaluate welding longitudinal residual stress through the thickness in austenitic stainless steel plates[J]. Materials and Design, 2013, 45: 628–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. YASHAR J, MEHDI A N, MEHDI A. Residual stress evaluation in dissimilar welded joints using finite element simulation and the LCR ultrasonic wave[J]. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2012, 48(9): 541–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. YASHAR J, HAMED S P, MOHAMMADREZA H R, et al. Ultrasonic inspection of a welded stainless steel pipe to evaluate residual stresses through thickness[J]. Materials and Design, 2013, 59: 591–601.

    Google Scholar 

  27. SONG W T, PAN Q X, XU C G, et al. Residual stress nondestructive testing for pipe component based on ultrasonic method[C]//2014 Far East Forum on Nondestructive Evaluation/Testing: New Technology & Application, 2014: 163–167.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Wentao Song, Chunguang Xu, Qinxue Pan & Jianfeng Song

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China

    Wentao Song

Authors
  1. Wentao Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chunguang Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qinxue Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jianfeng Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qinxue Pan.

Additional information

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51275042)

Biographical notes

SONG Wentao, born in 1986, is currently a PhD candidate at School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, China. His research interests include nondestructive testing and regulation of residual stress.

XU Chunguang, born in 1964, is currently a professor at Lab for NDT and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. He received his PhD degree from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 1995. His research interests include ultrasonic sound field theory, defect of automatic ultrasonic scanning, ultrasonic microscope, residual stress of ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic transducer performance measurement and calibration, metal defect shape ultrasonic array detection and recognition, composite nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques and theory.

PAN Qinxue received his PhD degree in intelligent mechannical engineering and system, Kagawa University in 2010. He is working at School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, China since 2010. His research interests include NDT&E technology and residual stress measurement technology.

SONG Jianfeng, born in 1992, is currently a master candidate at Lab for NDT and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, China.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, W., Xu, C., Pan, Q. et al. Nondestructive testing and characterization of residual stress field using an ultrasonic method. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 29, 365–371 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2015.1023.126

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2015.1023.126

Keywords

Search

Navigation