Abstract
Titanium alloy implants are widely employed in biomedical devices and components, especially as hard tissue replacements as well as orthopaedic applications, owing to their favourable properties such as high-strength to weight ratio, low density, low Young’s modulus and biocompatibility. However, metallic implants cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. Therefore, in order to increase their clinical success and long term stability in the physiological environment, surface modification is often performed. This review focuses on the latest achievements in the field of surface modification techniques including sol-gel, thermal spray, magnetron sputtering, electrophoretic deposition and micro-arc oxidation of biocompatible calcium phosphates (CaP) based ceramics coatings for metallic implants with emphasis on the structure, morphological characterization, phase transformation and coating composition. A reflection on the results shows that CaP coatings can be grown with the each type of techniques and a stronger fixation can be enhanced with CaP fabrication on metallic implants. Advantages and limitations of the aforementioned techniques of CaP-based coatings from the point of view of the process simplicity as well as the most important challenges of each coating techniques are highlighted. Further, the most promising method for CaP deposition was identified and a specific area for improvement was discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Qiao, L., Lou, J., Zhang, S., Qu, B., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, vol. 285, pp. 187–196.
Herliansyah, M., Hamdi, M., Ide-Ektessabi, A., Wildan, M., et al., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2009, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1674–1680.
Teng, H.-P., Yang, C.-J., Lin, J.-F., Huang, Y.-H., et al., Electrochim. Acta, 2016, vol. 193, pp. 216–224.
Narayanan, R., Seshadri, S., Kwon, T., and Kim, K., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B, 2008, vol. 85, no. 10, pp. 279–299.
Heimann, R.B., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, vol. 233, pp. 27–38.
Rad, A.T., Solati-Hashjin, M., Osman, N.A.A., and Faghihi, S., Ceram. Int., 2014, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 12681–12691.
Sivakumar, M. and Manjubala, I., Mater. Lett., 2001, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 199–205.
Kumar, R.R. and Wang, M., Mater. Lett., 2002, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 133–137.
Best, S., Porter, A., Thian, E., and Huang, J., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2008, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1319–1327.
Currey, J.D., Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 1996, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 440–445.
Kalita, S.J., Bhardwaj, A., and Bhatt, H.A. Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2007, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 441–449.
Koutsopoulos, S., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2002, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 600–612.
Zhong, Z., Qin, J., and Ma, J., Ceram. Int., 2015, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 8878–8884.
Kollath, V.O., Chen, Q., Mullens, S., Luyten, J., et al., J. Mater. Sci., 2016, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 2338–2346.
de Viteri, V.S. and Fuentes, E., Titanium and titanium alloys as biomaterials, in Tribology—Fundamentals and Advancements, Rijeka: InTechOpen, 2013, chap. 5, pp. 155–174. doi 10.5772/55860
Choudhury, P. and Agrawal, D., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, vol. 206, no. 2, pp. 360–365.
Montenero, A., Gnappi, G., Ferrari, F., Cesari, M., et al., J. Mater. Sci., 2000, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 2791–2797.
Gross, K. and Berndt, C., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1998, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 580–587.
Yang, Y.-C., Chang, E., Hwang, B., and Lee, S., Biomaterials, 2000, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 1327–1337.
Nelea, V., Morosanu, C., Iliescu, M., and Mihailescu, I., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 315–322.
Edreira, E.R.U., Wolke, J.G., te Riet, J., Kotnur, G.V., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 266, pp. 177–182.
Shirkhanzadeh, M., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1991, vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 1415–1417.
Vijayaraghavan, T. and Bensalem, A., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994, vol. 13, no. 24, pp. 1782–1785.
Duarte, L.T., Biaggio, S.R., Rocha-Filho, R.C., and Bocchi, N., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2011, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1663–1670.
Gan, J., Tan, L., Yang, K., Hu, Z., et al., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 889–901.
Ong, J.L. and Chan, D.C., Crit Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2000, vol. 28, nos. 5–6, pp. 667–707.
Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Sun, W.-B., and Zhang, H., Chem. Cent. J., 2011, vol. 5, no. 1, p.1.
Pawlowski, L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, New York: Wiley, 2008.
Besra, L. and Liu, M., Prog. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–61.
Boccaccini, A.R. and Zhitomirsky, I., Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2002, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 251–260.
Yerokhin, A., Nie, X., Leyland, A., Matthews, A., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 1999, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 73–93.
Martin, P.M., Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings: Science, Applications and Technology, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009.
Ramaswamy, Y., Wu, C., and Zreiqat, H., Exp. Rev. Med. Devices, 2009, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 423–430.
Liu, X., Chu, P.K., and Ding, C., Mater. Sci. Eng., R, 2004, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 49–121.
Newesly, H. and Osborn, J., Structure and texture of calcium phosphate in ceramics, 3rd Conf. on Materials for Use in Medicine and Biology, Manchester: Keele Univ., 1978.
Geesink, R.G., de Groot, K., and Klein, C.P. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1987, vol. 225, pp. 147–170.
Søballe, K., Hansen, E.S., Brockstedt-Rasmussen, H., Hjortdal, V.E., et al., J. Arthroplasty, 1991, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 307–316.
Ji, H. and Marquis, P., Biomaterials, 1993, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 64–68.
De Bruijn, J., Bovell, Y., and van Blitterswijk, C., Biomaterials, 1994, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 543–550.
Surmenev, R.A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, vol. 206, no. 8, pp. 2035–2056.
Mohseni, E., Zalnezhad, E., and Bushroa, A., Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2014, vol. 48, pp. 238–257.
Levingstone, T.J., Ardhaoui, M., Benyounis, K., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 283, pp. 29–36.
Smith, A.M., Paxton, J.Z., Hung, Y.-P., Hadley, M.J., et al., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2015, vol. 48, pp. 5–10.
Ntsoane, T.P., Topic, M., Härting, M., Heimann, R.B., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, vol. 294, pp. 153–163.
Kweh, S., Khor, K., and Cheang, P. Biomaterials, 2000, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1223–1234.
Holmberg, K. and Mathews, A., Thin Solid Films, 1994, vol. 253, nos. 1–2, pp. 173–178.
Mattox, D.M., Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition, (PVD) Processing, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010, p.2.
Ding, S.-J., Biomaterials, 2003, vol. 24, no. 23, pp. 4233–4238.
Jansen, J., Wolke, J., Swann, S., van Der Waerden, J., et al., Clin. Oral Implants Res., 1993, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 28–34.
Choi, J.-M., Kim, H.-E., and Lee, I.-S., Biomaterials, 2000, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 469–473.
Burke, E., Haman, J., Weimer, J., Cheney, A., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2001, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 41–47.
Tisdel, C.L., Goldberg, V.M., Parr, J.A., Bensusan, J.S., et al., J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 1994, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 159–171.
Surmeneva, M.A., Surmenev, R.A., Nikonova, Ya., Selezneva, I.I., et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, vol. 317, pp. 172–180.
Yamashita, K., Arashi, T., Kitagaki, K., Yamada, S., et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1994, vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 2401–2407.
Wolke, J., van Dijk, K., Schaeken, H., de Groot, K., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1994, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1477–1484.
van Dijk, K., Schaeken, H., Wolke, J., and Jansen, J., Biomaterials, 1996, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 405–410.
van Dijk, K., Schaeken, H., Wolke, J., Maree, C., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1995, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 269–276.
Xu, S., Long, J., Sim, L., Diong, C.H., et al., Plasma Process. Polym., 2005, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 373–390.
Takahashi, K., van den Beucken, J., Wolke, J., Hayakawa, T., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2008, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 682–690.
Boyd, A., Duffy, H., McCann, R., and Meenan, B., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2008, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 228–236.
Yang, Y., Bumgardner, J., Cavin, R., Carnes, D., et al., J. Dent. Res., 2003, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 449–453.
Yang, Y., Kim, K.-H., and Ong, J.L., Biomaterials, 2005, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 327–337.
Shukor, B.A., Hamdi, M., Toque, J., and Ide-Ektessabi, A., Key Eng. Mater., 2010, vol. 443, pp. 469–474.
Hayakawa, T., Yoshinari, M., Takahashi, K., and Nemoto, K., J. Oral Tissue Eng., 2004, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–49.
Thin Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Medical Implants, Leon, B. and Jansen, J., Eds., New York: Springer-Verlag, 2009, vol.16.
Surmenev, R.A., Ryabtseva, M., Shesterikov, E.V., Pichugin, V.F., et al., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2010, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1233–1239.
Boyd, A., Meenan, B., and Leyland, N., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, vol. 200, no. 20, pp. 6002–6013.
Surmeneva, M.A., Surmenev, R.A., Chaikina, M., Kachaev, A., et al., Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res., 2013, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 227–235.
Surmeneva, M.A., Chaikina, M.V., Zaikovskiy, V.I., Pichugin, V.F., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, vol. 27, pp. 39–46.
Thian, E., Huang, J., Best, S., Barber, Z., et al., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2007, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 251–256.
Ivanova, A.A., Surmenev, R.A., Surmeneva, M.A., Mukhametkaliyev, T., et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, vol. 329, pp. 212–218.
Chen, W., Liu, Y., Courtney, H., Bettenga, M., et al., Biomaterials, 2006, vol. 27, no. 32, pp. 5512–5517.
López, E.O., Rossi, A.L., Archanjo, B.S., Ospina, R.O., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 264, pp. 163–174.
Variola, F., Brunski, J.B., Orsini, G., de Oliveira, P.T., et al., Nanoscale, 2011, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 335–353.
López, E.O., Mello, A., Sendão, H., Costa, L.T., et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, vol. 5, no. 19, pp. 9435–9445.
Mello, A., Hong, Z., Rossi, A., Luan, L., et al., Biomed. Mater., 2007, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 67–72.
Cho, J., Schaab, S., Roether, J.A., and Boccaccini, A.R., J. Nanopart. Res., 2008, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 99–105.
Thomas, B., Boccaccini, A., and Shaffer, M., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 980–982.
Ducheyne, P., van Raemdonck, W., Heughebaert, J., et al., Biomaterials, 1986, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 97–103.
Ducheyne, P., Radin, S., Heughebaert, M. and Heughebaert, J., Biomaterials, 1990, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 244–254.
Duheyne, P., Beight, J., Cuckler, J., Evans, B., et al., Biomaterials, 1990, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 531–540.
Boccaccini, A., Cho, J., Subhani, T., Kaya, C., et al., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2010, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1115–1129.
van der Biest, O.O. and Vandeperre, L.J., Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1999, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 327–352.
Pang, X. and Zhitomirsky, I., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2005, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 245–251.
Zhitomirsky, I. and Gal-Or, L., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 1997, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 213–219.
Meng, X., Kwon, T.Y., Yang, Y., Ong, J.L., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B, 2006, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 373–377.
Kwok, C., Wong, P., Cheng, F., and Man, H., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, vol. 255, no. 13, pp. 6736–6744.
Ban, S., Maruno, S., Arimoto, N., Harada, A., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1997, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 9–15.
Kaya, C., Ceram. Int., 2008, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1843–1847.
Wei, M., Ruys, A., Milthorpe, B., and Sorrell, C., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2005, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 319–324.
Xiao, F.-J., Zhang, Y., and Yun, L.-J., Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2009, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 125–130.
Xiao, X.F. and Liu, R.F., Mater. Lett., 2006, vol. 60, no. 21, pp. 2627–2632.
Chen, F., Lam, W., Lin, C., Qiu, G., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B, 2007, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 183–191.
Ágata de Sena, L., Calixto de Andrade, M., Malta Rossi, A., and de Almeida Soares, G., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2002, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
Yang, G.-L., He, F.-M., Hu, J.-A., Wang, X.-X., and Zhao, S.-F., J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 2010, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 420–427.
Dumelié, N., Benhayoune, H., Rousse-Bertrand, C., Bouthors, S., et al., Thin Solid Films, 2005, vol. 492, no. 1, pp. 131–139.
Farnoush, H., Aldiç, G., and Çimenoglu, H., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 265, pp. 7–15.
Araghi, A. and Hadianfard, M., Ceram. Int., 2015, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 12668–12679.
Ustundag, C., Avciata, O., Kaya, F., and Kaya, C., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2012, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. 1571–1576.
Parente, P., Sanchez-Herencia, A., Mesa-Galan, M., and Ferrari, B., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2012, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1600–1607.
Hu, W., Ma, J., Wang, J., and Zhang, S., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2012, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 2404–2410.
Zhang, B. and Kwok, C.T., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2011, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 2249–2259.
Xiao, X.F., Liu, R.F., and Tang, X.L., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2008, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 175–182.
Cao, N., Dong, J., Wang, Q., Ma, Q., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, no. 4, pp. 1150–1156.
Hamdi, M., Hakamata, S., and Ektessabi, A.M., Thin Solid Films, 2000, vol. 377, pp. 484–489.
Lu, X. and Leng, Y., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B, 2009, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 438–445.
Ozeki, K., Yuhta, T., Aoki, H., Nishimura, I., et al., Biomed. Mater. Eng., 2000, vol. 10, pp. 221–227.
Faghihi-Sani, M.-A., Arbabi, A., and Mehdinezhad-Roshan, A., Ceram. Int., 2013, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1793–1798.
Durdu, S., Deniz, Ö.F., Kutbay, I., and Usta, M., J. Alloy Compd., 2013, vol. 551, pp. 422–429.
Sandhyarani, M., Rameshbabu, N., and Venkateswarlu, K., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 238, pp. 58–67.
Olding, T., Sayer, M., and Barrow, D., Thin Solid Films, 2001, vol. 398, pp. 581–586.
Han, Y., Chen, D., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., et al., Acta Biomater., 2008, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1518–1529.
Voevodin, A., Yerokhin, A., Lyubimov, V., Donley, M., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 1996, vol. 86, pp. 516–521.
Gupta, P., Tenhundfeld, G., Daigle, E., and Ryabkov, D., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, vol. 201, no. 21, pp. 8746–8760.
Rudnev, V., Boguta, D., Yarovaya, T., Morozova, V., et al., Prot. Met., 1999, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 473–476.
Walsh, F., Low, C., Wood, R., Stevens, K., Archer, J., Poeton, A., and Ryder, A., Trans. IMF, 2009, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 122–135.
Krupa, D., Baszkiewicz, J., Zdunek, J., Smolik, J., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, no. 6, pp. 1743–1749.
Li, Q., Liang, J., and Wang, Q., Modern Surface Engineering Treatments, Aliofkhazraei, M., Ed., Rijeka: InTechOpen, 2013. doi 10.5772/55688
Rafieerad, A., Ashra, M., Mahmoodian, R., and Bushroa, A., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2015, vol. 57, pp. 397–413.
Ishizawa, H. and Ogino, M., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1995, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1071–1079.
Ishizawa, H., Fujino, M., and Ogino, M., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 1995, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1459–1468.
Yang, T.-C., Shu, H.-Y., Chen, H.-T., Chung, C.-J., et al., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 259, pp. 185–192.
Han, Y., Sun, J., and Huang, X., Electrochem. Commun., 2008, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 510–513.
Abbasi, S., Bayati, M., Golestani-Fard, F., Rezaei, H., et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 257, no. 14, pp. 5944–5949.
Zhu, L., Ye, X., Tang, G., Zhao, N., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2007, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 1165–1175.
Song, W.H., Ryu, H.S., and Hong, S.H., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 2642–2644.
Wei, D., Zhou, Y., Jia, D., and Wang, Y., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 254, no. 6, pp. 1775–1782.
Song, W.-H., Jun, Y.-K., Han, Y., and Hong, S.-H., Biomaterials, 2004, vol. 25, no. 17, pp. 3341–3349.
Catauro, M., Papale, F., Sapio, L., and Naviglio, S., Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2016, vol. 65, pp. 188–193.
Jafari, H., Hessam, H., Shahri, S.M.G., Assadian, M., et al., J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 901–909.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
About this article
Cite this article
Adeleke, S.A., Bushroa, A.R. & Sopyan, I. Recent development of calcium phosphate-based coatings on titanium alloy implants. Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 53, 419–433 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375517050027
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375517050027