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Relation of Potassium Exchange and Fixation to Degree of Weathering and Organic Matter Content in Micaceous Clays of Podzol Soils

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

The rates of K exchange of untreated and peroxide-treated micaceous clays from five Podzol soils of increasing degrees of weathering were determined using sodium tetraphenyl boron. In addition, the amounts of K fixed against NH4 were measured. The Ae horizon clays of these soils contained mainly interstratified mica-vermiculite-montmorillonite whereas the C horizon clays contained mica of a more discrete nature.

As was expected, there was an inverse relationship between rates of K exchange and degrees of weathering of the Ae horizon clays. However, in the samples from each of these soils except in those of the most weathered one, the K exchange rate of the interstratified mica from the Ae horizon was higher than that of the less weathered, more discrete mica from the corresponding C horizon. The abundance of hydrated edges and layers exposing K exchange sites in the Ae horizon micas probably contributed to their higher rates of K exchange. Amounts of K fixed in the Ae horizon clays were not related to degrees of weathering.

Removal of organic matter from the Ae horizon clays by peroxide considerably increased both the rates of K exchanged and the amounts of K fixed. These increases were attributed to the elimination of a blocking effect of adsorbed organic matter on K exchange and fixation.

Résumé

On a déterminé, à l’aide du tétraphénylborate de sodium, les vitesses d’échange de K dans des argiles micacées, traitées et non traitées à l’eau oxygénée, provenant de cinq sols podzoliques ayant subi une altération naturelle à des degrés croissants. En plus, les quantités de K fixées ont été mesurées par rapport à NH4. Les argiles de l’horizon Ae de ces sols contenaient principalement un interstratifié mica-vermiculite-montmorillonite, alors que les argiles de l’horizon C contenaient un mica de nature plus distincte.

Comme on pouvait l’espérer, il y a une relation inverse entre les vitesses d’échange du K et les degrés d’altération des argiles de l’horizon Ae. Toutefois, dans les échantillons provenant de chacun de ces sols, à l’exception de ceux relatifs au plus altéré, la vitesse d’échange du K du mica interstratifié de l’horizon Ae est plus élevée que celle du K du mica moins altéré et plus distinct, appartenant à horizon C correspondant. L’abondance de bords hydratés et de feuillets dotés de sites d’échange de K dans les micas de l’horizon Ae contribue probablement à conférer à l’échange du Kune vitesse plus élevée. Les quantités de K fixé dans les argiles de l’horizon Ae ne sont pas reliées au degré d’altération.

La destruction de la matière organique des argiles de l’horizon Ae par le peroxyde a considérablement augmenté et les vitesse d’échange de K et les quantités de K fixé. Ces augmentations ont été attribuées à l’élimination de l’effet de blocage que la matière organique adsorbée exerce sur l’échange et la fixation de K.

Kurzreferat

Die Geschwindigkeiten des K-Austausches von unbehandelten und peroxyd-behandelten glimmerhaltigen Tonen aus fünf Podzolböden mit zunehmendem Ausmass an Verwitterung wurden unter Verwendung von Natriumtetraphenylbor bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wurden die Mengen von gegen NH4 festgehaltenem K gemessen. Die Ae-zone Tone dieser Böden enthielten hauptsächlich zwischengeschichteten Glimmer-Vermiculit-Montmorillonit während die C-zone Tone Glimmer einer mehr abgesonderten Art enthielten.

Wie erwartet, bestand eine umgekehrte Beziehung zwischen den Geschwindigkeiten des IC-Austausches und dem Ausmass der Verwitterung der Ae-Zonen Tone. In den Proben aus jedem dieser Böden, mit Ausnahme derjenigen aus dem am meisten verwitterten, war die K-Austauschgeschwindigkeit des zwischengeschichteten Glimmers jedoch höher aus der Ae-zone als diejenige des weniger verwitterten, mehr abgesonderten Glimmers aus der entsprechenden C-zone. Die Vielzahl hydratisierter Kanten und Schichten, die K-Austauschstellen in den Glimmern aus den Ae-zonen biossiegen, trugen wahrscheinlich bei zu den höheren Geschwindigkeiten des K-Austausches. Die in den Ae-zone Tonen festgehaltenen Mengen von K standen in keiner Beziehung zum Ausmass der Verwitterung.

Eine Entfernung der organischen Stoffe aus den Ae-zone Tonen durch Peroxyd erhöhte beträchtlich die Geschwindigkeiten des K-Austausches und der festgehaltenen Mengen von K. Diese Erhöhungen werden dem Fortfall einer blockierenden Wirkung der absorbierten organischen Stoffe auf den K-Austausch und die K-Festhaltung zugeschrieben.

Резюме

С использованием натрий-тетрафенил-бора определена степень обмена ионов К+ для исходных и обработанных перекисью водорода слюдистых глин из пяти подзолистых почв. Кроме того определялось количество фиксированного К по отношению к NН4. Глины гори-зонта Ае подобных почв содержали, главным образом, смешанно-слойный слюда-вермикулит-монтмориллонит, в то время как глины горизонта С содержали слюду более дискретной природы.

Как и ожидалось, была установлена обратная зависимость между долей обменного К и степенью выветривания глин горизонта Ае; однако во всех образцах изученных почв, за исключением одного (наиболее выветрелого), степень обмена К в смешанно-слойной слюде из горизонта Ае была выше, чем в менее выветрелой, более дискретной слюде из горизонта С. Обилие в слюдах горизонта Ае гидратированных краев и слоев с обнаженными позициями обменного К, возможно, и обуславливает их более высокую степень обмена К. Количество К, фиксированного, в слюдах горизонта Ае, не зависит от степени выветривания.

Удаление органического вещества из глин горизонта Ае при обработке перекисью водорода приводило к значительному увеличению как степени обмена К, так и количества фиксирован-ного К. Это увеличение способствовало ликвидации блокирующего влияния поглощенного органического материала на обмен и фиксацию К.

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Ross, G.J. Relation of Potassium Exchange and Fixation to Degree of Weathering and Organic Matter Content in Micaceous Clays of Podzol Soils. Clays Clay Miner. 19, 167–174 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190305

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