Abstract
Argillic alteration is recognized in association with uranium deposits on the Colorado Plateau and along border areas. Alteration and mineralization are geometrically related in sedimentary strata where solution conduits result from lithologic and structural changes. The association also exists in collapse features and in breccia pipes. Occasional diatremes bearing uranium point to hypogene solution activity following igneous invasion as one original source for uranium ions. In several places ascending fluids apparently were confined under sufficient pressure to blast consolidated strata into vertical chimneys of brecciated masses. Pipes and fracture systems which transect porous strata provide paths along which hypogene solutions may ascend from depth and migrate horizontally. Alteration may extend both vertically and horizontally, encircling such areas.
Occasionally silica or carbonate precipitation accompanies uranium. Where found, well-marked masses of carbonate or silica replace sedimentary strata. Field conditions demonstrate upward migration of solutions. Often silica and carbonate may be dissolved from country rock and redeposited at higher levels. The silica minerals involved are quartz, chalcedony, and opal; the carbonates, calcite, dolomite and siderite.
The identification of mica polymorphs close to ore, corresponding to those created at elevated temperatures in the laboratory; the recognition of dickite in gouge zone veinlets associated with primary sulphides; uranorganic complexes; and replacement textures involving multiple pseudomorphs after a single mineral, further indicate alteration by hypogene solution.
Uranium deposition is favored by precipitating agents peculiar to certain strata. Hydrogen sulphide, produced by decaying fossil plant detritus, or petroliferous material, appears to have been an effective precipitating agent. Strata often involved are members of the Chinle or Morrison Formations. These units provide an environment with sustained reducing conditions favorable for uranium precipitation. The reduction of hexavalent uranium in solution occurs to the less soluble tetravalent form. Accompanying bleaching of red beds also suggests reducing conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Gawad, A. M. and Kerr, P. F. (1963) Alteration of Chinle siltstone and uranium emplacement, Arizona and Utah: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.74, pp.23–46.
Austin, R. S. (1963) Alteration of Morrison sandstone: Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region, Memoir 15, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico, pp.38–44.
Barrington, J. and Kerr, P. F. (1961) Breccia pipe near Cameron, Arizona: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.72, pp.1661–1674.
Barrington, J. and Kerr, P. F. (1962) Alteration effects at Tuba Dike, Cameron, Arizona: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.73, pp.101–112.
Barrington, J. and Kerr, P. F. (1963) Collapse features and silica plugs near Cameron, Arizona: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.74, pp.1237–1258.
Becraft, G. E. (1956) Uranium deposits of the Boulder batholith, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 300, pp.117–121.
Cadigan, R. A. (1955) Possible relationship between uranium ore deposits and the presence of kaolin in Triassic sandstone (abs.): Atomic Energy Comm. U.S. Geol. Survey Symposium Program, U.S. Geol. Survey Papers, v.5-6.
Derzay, R. C. (1956) Geology of the Los Ochos uranium deposit, Saguache County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 300, pp.137–141.
Fischer, R. P. (1956) Uranium-vanadium-copper deposits on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 300, pp.143–154.
Foster, M. D. (1959) Chemical study of the mineralized clays: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 320, pp. 121–132.
Hathaway, J. C. (1956) Mixed-layered structures in vanadium clays: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp.387–388.
Heinrich, E. W. (1958) Mineralogy and Geology of Radioactive Raw Materials: McGraw-Hill, New York, 654 pp.
Jacobs, M. B. (1963) Alteration Studies and Uranium Emplacement near Moab, Utah: Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, 227 pp.
Jacobs, M. B. and Kerr, P. F. (1963) Hydrothermal alteration along the Lisbon Valley fault zone, San Juan County, Utah: Manuscript submitted to the Geol. Soc. America.
Keller, W. D. (1929) Experimental work on red bed bleaching: Am. Jour. Sci., Series 5, v.18, pp.65–70.
Kelley, D. R. and Kerr, P. F. (1957) Clay alteration and ore, Temple Mountain, Utah: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.68, pp.1101–1116.
Kelley, D. R. and Kerr, P. F. (1958) Urano-organic ore at Temple Mountain, Utah: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.69, pp.701–756.
Kerr, P. F., Bodine, M. W., Jr., Kelley, D. R. and Keys, W. S. (1957) Collapse features, Temple Mountain uranium area, Utah: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.68, pp.933–982.
Kerr, P. F., Brophy, G. P., Dahl. H. M., Green, J. and Woolard, L. E. (1957) Marysvale Utah, Uranium Area: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 64, 212 pp.
Kerr, P. F. and Hamilton, P. K. (1958) Chrome mica-clay, Temple Mountain, Utah: Am. Mineralogist, v.43, pp.34–47.
Keys, W. S. and White, R. L. (1956) Investigation of the Temple Mountain collapse and associated features, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 300, pp.285–298.
Loring, W. B. (1958) Geology and Ore Deposits of the Northern Part of the Big Indian District, San Juan County, Utah: Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 75 pp.
Lovering, T. S. and Goddard, E. N. (1950) Geology and ore deposits of the Front Range Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 223, 319 pp.
Moulton, G. F. (1928) Loss of red color of rocks: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v.12, pp.767–769.
Tooker, E. W. (1956) Altered wall rocks along vein deposits in the Central City-Idaho Springs region, Colorado: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 356, pp.348–361.
Weir, D. B. (1952) Geologic guides to prospecting for carnotite deposits on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 988-B.
Wright, H. D. and Bieler, B. H. (1960) Primary mineralization of uranium-bearing “siliceous reef” veins in the Boulder batholith, Montana: Econ. Geology, v.55, pp.56–72.
Wright, H. D. and Shulhof, W. P. (1957) Mineralogy of the Lone Eagle uranium bearing mine in the Boulder batholith, Montana: Econ. Geology, v.52, pp.115–131.
Yoder, H. S. and Eugster, H. P. (1955) Synthetic and natural muscovites: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v.8, pp.225–280.
Source of Geologic Data for Fig. 1
Corey, A. S. (1959) U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. Publ. RME-128, Fig. 4.
Guidebook of Internat. Assoc. of Petroleum Geologists, 1956 Field trip, Plate 1, sheet 4.
Hite, R. J. (1961) U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 424-D, Fig. 337.1.
McKnight, E. T. (1940) U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 908, Plate 1.
Shoemaker, E. M. (1954) Guidebook to Geology of Utah, No. 9, Plate 1.
U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. Prelim. Map 3: Photogeologic Map of the Lisbon Valley Anticline and Surrounding Area, San Juan County, Utah.
U.S. Geol. Survey Map I-67: Photogeologic Map of the Carlisle-2 Quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah. U.S. Geol. Survey Map I-180; Photogeologic Map of the Carlisle-1 Quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah.
U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM 169.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kerr, P.F., Jacobs, M.B. Argillic Alteration and Uranium Emplacement on the Colorado Plateau. Clays Clay Miner. 12, 111–128 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1963.0120114
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1963.0120114