Abstract
Rutile nanostructures with a 3D hierarchical structure organization are synthesized via the sol-gel technique using TiCl4 as a titanium precursor and HCl to regulate the acidity. The effects the synthesis conditions—molar ratios of the reagents ([Cl–]/[Ti4+] and [H2O]/[Ti4+]) and temperature—have on the mechanism of formation of the rutile phase are established. We show that the texture and morphology of the rutile nanostructrures depend on the particle packing at all levels of the hierarchical organization and are directly related to the synthesis conditions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
D. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, A. Zaleska, and T. Bein, “Three-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials,” Chem. Rev. 114, 9487–9558 (2014).
M. Marinaro, M. Pfanzelt, P. Kubiak, et al., “Low temperature behavior of TiO2 rutile as negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,” J. Power Sources 196, 9825–9829 (2011).
K. Seki, “Catalyst for industrial HCl oxidation process,” Catal. Surv. Asia 14, 168–175 (2010).
A. N. Ozerin, A. N. Zelenetskii, T. A. Akopova, O. B. Pavlova-Verevkina, L. A. Ozerina, N. M. Surin, and A. S. Kechek’yan, “Nanocomposites based on modified chitosan and titanium oxide,” Polymer Sci., Ser. A 48, 638–643 (2006).
V. F. Zarytova, V. V. Zinov’ev, Z. R. Ismagilov, A. S. Levina, M. N. Repkova, N. V. Shikina, A.A. Evdokimov, E. F. Belanov, S. M. Balakhnin, O. A. Serova, S. I. Baiborodin, E. G. Malygin, and S. N. Zagrebel’nyi, “An examination of the ability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its conjugates with oligonucleotides to penetrate into eucariotis cells,” Nanotechnol. Russ. 4, 732 (2009).
N. A. Mazurkova, Yu. E. Spitsyna, N. V. Shikina, Z. R. Ismagilov, S. N. Zagrebel’nyi, and E. I. Ryabchikova, “Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with influenza virus,” Nanotechnol. Russ. 5, 417 (2010).
A. S. Levina, Z. R. Ismagilov, M. N. Repkova, N. V. Shatskaya, N. V. Shikina, F. V. Tuzikov, and V. F. Zarytova, “Nanocomposites consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and oligonucleotides,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12, 1812–1820 (2012).
H. Fei, M. Wei, R. Z. Shen, J. G. Wang, et al., “Facile synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured rutile titania for lithium-ion battery,” Electrochim. Acta 56, 6997–7004 (2011).
M. Ye, Zh. Chen, W. Wang, et al., “Large-scale synthesis and characterization of fan-shaped rutile TiO2 nanostructures,” Mater. Lett. 62, 3404–3406 (2008).
T. D. N. Phan, H. D. Pham, T. V. Cuong, et al., “A simple hydrothermal preparation of TiO2 nanomaterials using concentrated hydrochloric acid,” J. Cryst. Growth 312, 79–85 (2009).
M. I. Comor, N. D. Abazovic, I. A. Jankovic, D. J. Jovanovic, M. Stoiljkovic, D. V. Sojic, and B. F. Abramovic, in Rutile: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications, Ed. by J. Low (Nova Science, New York, 2012).
Z. R. Ismagilov, N. V. Shikina, N. A. Mazurkova, L. T. Tsikoza, F. V. Tuzikov, A. V. Ushakov, A. V. Ishchenko, N. A. Rudina, D. V. Korneev, and E. I. Ryabchikova, “Synthesis of nanoscale TiO2 and study of the effect of their crystal structure on single cell responses,” Sci. World J. 12 (2012). doi 10.1100/2012/498345
G. Pffaf and P. Reynders, “Angle-dependent optical effects deriving from submicron structures of films and pigments,” Chem. Rev. 99, 1963–1981 (1999).
H. Zhang and J. Banfield, “Thermodynamic analysis of phase stability of nanocrystalline titania,” J. Mater. Chem. 8, 2073–2076 (1998).
H. Zhang and J. Banfield, “Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior during growth nanocrystalline aggregates: insights from TiO2,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 3481–3487 (2000).
A. A. Gribb and J. F. Banfield, “Particle size effects on transformation kinetics and phase stability in nanocrystalline TiO2,” Am. Mineral. 82, 717–728 (1997).
A. S. Topalov, D. V. Sojic, D. A. Molnar-Gabor, B. F. Abramovic, and M. I. Comor, “Appl. photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanosized TiO2 towards the degradation of herbicide mecoprop,” Catal. B: Environ. 54, 125–133 (2004).
B. F. Abramovic, D. V. Sojic, V. B. Anderluh, N. D. Abrazovic, and M. I. Comor, “Nitrogen-doped TiO2 suspensions in photocatalytic degradation of herbicides mecoprop and (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid using various light sources,” Desalination 244, 293–302 (2009).
N. D. Abrazovic, L. Mirenghi, I. A. Jancovic, N. Bibic, D. V. Sojic, B. F. Abramovic, and M. I. Comor, “Synthesis and characterization of rutile TiO2 nanopowders doped with iron ions,” Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4, 518–525 (2009).
Z. R. Ismagilov, E. V. Bessudnova, N. V. Shikina, and V. A. Ushakov, “Effect of synthesis temperature on properties of nanoscale rutile with high surface area,” Nanotechnol. Russ. 9, 21 (2014).
E. V. Bessudnova, N. V. Shikina, and Z. R. Ismagilov, “Nanoscale titanium dioxide synthesized by sol-gel method,” Al’tern. Energet. Ekol., No. 7, 39–47 (2014).
G. Li, Y. He, X. Zhang, and Sh. Hu, in Rutile: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications, Ed. by J. Low (Nova Science, New York, 2012), pp. 53–74.
Y. Z. Li, Y. N. Fan, and Y. Chen, “A novel method for preparation of nanocrystalline rutile TiO2 powders by liquid hydrolysis of TiCl4,” J. Mater. Chem. 2, 1387–1390 (2002).
H. B. Yin, Y. J. Wada, T. Kitamura, T. Sumida, Y. Hasegawa, and Sh. Yanagida, “Novel synthesis of phase-pure nano-particulate anatase and rutile TiO2 using TiCl4 aqueous solutions,” J. Mater. Chem. 12, 378–383 (2001).
H. Cheng, J. Ma, Z. G. Zhao, and L. Qi, “Hydrothermal preparation of uniform nanosize rutile and anatase particles,” J. Chem. Mater. 7, 663–671 (1995).
Q.-H. Zhang, L. Gao, and J.-K. Guo, “Preparation and spectral characterization of quantum-size titanium dioxide in the rutile phase,” Chin. J. Inorg. Mater. 15, 923–934 (2000).
D. Bahnemann, A. Henglein, and L. Spanhel, “Detection of the intermediates of colloidal TiO2-catalysed photoreactions,” Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 78, 151–163 (1984).
K. Yanagisawa and J. Ovenstone, “Crystallization of anatase from amorphous titania using the hydrothermal technique: effects of starting material and temperature,” J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 7781–7787 (1999).
R. L. Penn and J. F. Banfield, “Imperfect oriented attachment: a mechanism for dislocation generation in defect-free nanocrystals,” Science 281, 969–971 (1998).
M. Gratzel, “Mesoporous oxide junctions and nanostructured solar cells,” Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 4, 314–321 (1999).
G. K. Mor, K. Shankar, M. Paulose, O. K. Varghese, and C. A. Grimes, “Enhanced photocleavage of water using titania nanotube arrays,” Nano Lett. 5, 191–195 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.V. Bessudnova, N.V. Shikina, M.S. Mel’gunov, Z.R. Ismagilov, 2017, published in Rossiiskie Nanotekhnologii, 2017, Vol. 12, Nos. 3–4.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bessudnova, E.V., Shikina, N.V., Mel’gunov, M.S. et al. Synthesis and characterization of 3D hierarchical rutile nanostructures: Effects of synthesis temperature and reagent concentrations on the texture and morphology. Nanotechnol Russia 12, 156–164 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078017020045
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078017020045