Abstract
To develop an efficient gene isolation method for rice we introduced the maize Ac/Ds system into rice. Extensive analysis of their behavior in rice for several generations indicated that Ac and Ds in the presence of Ac transposase gene actively transpose in rice. A wide spectrum of mutations affecting growth, morphogenesis, flowering time and disease resistance have been obtained in the population carrying Ac/Ds and some of them were genetically analyzed. Main efforts are currently being made to isolate genes responsible these mutations. In addition, a number of Ac/Ds were mapped on chromosomes and mapped elements will be used in the future for directed tagging of genes with known chromosomal positions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aarts MGM, Dirkse WG, Stiekema WJ, Pereira A: Transposon tagging of a male sterility gene in Arabidopsis. Nature 363: 715–717 (1993).
Altmann T, Felix G, Jessop A, Kauschmann A, Uwer U, Pena-Cortes H, Wilmitzer L: Ac/Ds transposon mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: mutant spectrum and frequency of Ds insertion mutants. Mol Gen Genet 247: 646–652 (1995).
Baker B, Coupland G, Fedoroff NV, Starlinger P, Schell J: Phenotypic assay for excision of the maize controlling element Ac in tobacco. EMBO J 6: 1547–1554 (1987).
Baker B, Schell J, Lörz H, Fedoroff NV: Transposition of the maize controlling element Activator in tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 4844–4848 (1986).
Bancroft I, Dean C: Transposition pattern of the maize element Ds in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 134: 1221–1229 (1993).
Bancroft I, Dean C: Factors affecting the excision frequency of the maize transposable element Ds in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Gen Genet 240: 65–72 (1993).
Bancroft I, Jones JDG, Dean C: Heterologous transposon tagging of the DRL locus in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 5: 631–638 (1993).
Behrens U, Fedoroff N, Laird A, Muller-Neumann M, Starlinger P, Yoder J: Cloning of Zea mays controlling element Ac from the wx-m7 allele. Mol Gen Genet 194: 346–347 (1984).
Bhatt AM, Page T, Lawson EJR, Lister C, Dean C: Use of Ac as an insertional mutagen in Arabidopsis. Plant J 9: 935–945 (1996).
Brettell RIS, Dennis ES: Reactivation of a silent Ac following tissue culture is associated with heritable alterations in its methylation. Mol Gen Genet 229: 365–372 (1991).
Carrol BJ, Klimyuk VI, Thomas CM, Bishop GJ, Harrison K, Scofield SR, Jones JDG: Germinal transposition of the maize element Dissociation from T-DNA loci in tomato. Genetics 139: 407–420 (1995).
Chuck G, Robbins T, Nijjar C, Ralston E, Courtney-Gutterson N, Dooner HK: Tagging and cloning of a petunia flower color gene with the maize transposable element Activator. Plant Cell 5: 371–378 (1993).
Dean C, Sjodin C, Page T, Jones J, Lister C: Behavior of the maize transposable element Ac in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2: 69–81 (1992).
Dooner HK, Keller J, Haper E, Ralston E: Variable patterns of transposition of the maize element Activator in tobacco. Plant Cell 3: 473–482 (1991).
Döring HP, Starlinger P: Barbara McClintock's controlling elements: now at the DNA level. Cell 39: 253–259 (1984).
Fedoroff NV, Furtek DB, Nelson OE: Cloning of the bronze locus in maize by a simple and generalizable procedure using the transposable element Activator(Ac). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3825–3829 (1984).
Fedoroff NV, Wessler S, Shure M: Isolation of the transposable maize controlling elements Ac and Ds. Cell 35: 235–242 (1983).
Izawa T, Miyazaki C, Yamamoto M, Terada R, Iida S, Shimamoto K: Introduction and transposition of the maize transposable element Ac in rice (Oryza sativaL.). Mol Gen Genet 227: 391–396 (1991).
Izawa T, Shimamoto K: Becoming a model plant: the importance of rice to plant science. Trends Plant Sci 1: 95–99 (1996).
James Jr DW, Lim E, Keller J, Plooy I, Ralston E, Dooner HK: Directed tagging of the Arabidopsis FATTY ACID ELONGATION 1(FAE1) gene with the maize transposon Activator. Plant Cell 7: 309–319 (1995).
Jones DA, Thomas CM, Hammond-Kosack KE, Balint-Kurti PJ, Jones JDG: Isolation of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum by transposon tagging. Science 266: 789–793 (1994).
Jones JDG, Carland F, Lim E, Ralston E, Dooner HK: Preferential transposition of themaize element Activator to linked chromosomal locations in tobacco. Plant Cell 2: 701–707 (1991).
Kiyosawa S: Establishment of differential varieties for pathogenicity test of rice blast fungus. Rice Genet Newsl 1: 95–97 (1984).
Lawrence GJ, Finnegan EJ, Ayliffe MA, Ellis JG: The L6gene for flax rust resistance is related to the Arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene RPS2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene N.Plant Cell 7: 1195–1206 (1995).
Lawrence G, Finnegan J, Ellis J: Instability of the L6 gene for rust resistance in flax is correlated with the presence of a linked Ac element. Plant J 4: 659–669 (1993).
Lawson EJR, Scofield SR, Sjodin C, Jones JDG, Dean C: Modification of the 50 untranslated leader region of the maize Activator element leads to increased activity in Arabidopsis. Mol Gen Genet 245: 608–615 (1994).
Long D, Martin M, Sundberg E, Swinburne J, Puangsomlee P, Coupland G: The maize transposable element system Ac/Ds as a mutagen in Arabidopsis: Identification of an albino mutation induced by Ds insertion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 10370–10374 (1993).
Peschke VM, Philips RL, Gengenbach BG: Discovery of transposable element activity among progeny of tissue culture-derived maize plants. Science 238: 804–807 (1987).
Peschke VM, Phillips RL: Activation of the maize transposable element Suppressor-mutator (Spm) in tissue culture. Theor Appl Genet 81: 90–9 (1987).
Schmidt R, Willmitzer L: Themaize autonomous element Activator(Ac) shows a minimal germinal excision frequency of 0.2%- 0.5%in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Mol Gen Genet 220: 17–24 (1989).
Scofield SR, Harrison K, Nurrish SJ, Jones JDG: Promoter fusions to the Activator transosase gene cause distinct patterns of Dissociation excision in tobacco cotyledons. Plant Cell 4: 573–582 (1992).
Shimamoto K, Terada R, Izawa T, Fujimoto H: Fertile transgenic rice plant regenerated from transformed protoplasts. Nature 338: 274–276 (1989).
Shimamoto K, Miyazaki C, Hashimoto H, Izawa T, Itoh K, Terada R, Inagaki Y, Iida S: Trans-activation and stable integration of the maize transposable element Ds cotransfected with the Ac transposase gene in transgenic rice plants. Mol Gen Genet 239: 354–360 (1993).
Shimamoto K: The molecular biology of rice. Science 270: 1772–1773 (1995).
Shimamoto K, Ohnishi T, Kume Y, Hashimoto H, Wu C, Izawa T: Toward molecular isolation of the blast resistance gene in rice by the maize Ac/Ds elements. In: Mills D, Kunoh H, Keen N, Mayama S (eds) Molecular Aspects of Pathogenicity and Resistance: Requirement for Signal Transduction, pp. 177–183. APS Press, St. Paul, MN (1996).
Song W-Y, Wang G-L, Chen L-L, Kim H-S, Pi L-Y, Holsten T, Gardner-J, Wang B, Zhai W-X, Zhu L-H, Fauquet C, Ronald P: A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21. Science 270: 1804–1806 (1995).
Sundaresan V: Horizontal spread of transposon mutagenesis: new uses for old elements. Trends Plant Sci 1: 184–190 (1996).
Swinburne J, Balcells L, Scofield SR, Jones JDG, Coupland G: Elevated levels of Activator transposase mRNA are associated with high frequencies of Dissociation excision in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 4: 583–595 (1992).
Walbot V: Strategies for mutagenesis and gene cloning using transposon tagging and T-DNA insertional mutagenesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 43: 49–82 (1992).
Whitham S, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Choi D, Hehl R, Corr C, Baker B: The product of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N: similarity to Toee and the interleukin-1 receptor. Cell 78: 1–20 (1994).
Yamagata H: Heading-time genes of rice, E1, E2 and E3. Rice Genet Newsl 1: 100–101 (1984).
Yokoo M, Kikuchi F: Multiple allelism of the locus controlling heading time of rice, detected using the close linkage with blast-resistance. Jpn J Breed 27: 123–130 (1977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Izawa, T., Ohnishi, T., Nakano, T. et al. Transposon tagging in rice. Plant Mol Biol 35, 219–229 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005769605026
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005769605026