Abstract
Organic single crystals show broad application prospects in the field of optical confinement and waveguides due to their low optical transmission loss and tunable optical properties. Individual one- or two-dimensional (1D or 2D) optical waveguide crystals have the limitations of a single function in organic photonics. In this work, a chip-like organic heterostructure was fabricated using an elaborately designed, sequential growth method. By regulating the concentration of each organic component, the processes of solution self-assembly, etching, and epitaxial self-assembly are successively performed to complete the directional growth of organic micro/nanostructures. Notably, the as-prepared chip-like organic heterostructure is composed of 1D/2D optical waveguide crystals, which can realize multidimensional photon transportation and multi-terminal directional optical signal output. Furthermore, the unique 2D optical waveguide properties of the chip-like heterostructures offer opportunities for constructing the encoding form of the output optical signal at the micro/nanoscale.
摘要
有机单晶由于其较低的光传输损耗和可调谐的光学特性, 在光限制和光波导领域显示出广阔的应用前景. 单一的一维或二维(1D或2D)光波导晶体在有机光子学中具有单一功能的局限性. 在这项工作中, 我们通过精心设计的顺序生长方法制造了一种芯片状的有机异质结构. 通过调节各有机组分的浓度, 依次进行溶液自组装、刻蚀和外延自组装过程, 完成有机微纳结构的定向生长. 值得注意的是, 所制备的芯片状有机异质结构由1D/2D光波导晶体组成, 可实现多方向光子传输和多端定向光信号输出. 此外, 芯片状异质结构独特的二维光波导特性为构建微/纳米级输出光信号的编码形式提供了机会.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Clark J, Lanzani G. Organic photonics for communications. Nat Photon, 2010, 4: 438–446
Ning CZ. Semiconductor nanolasers and the size-energy-efficiency challenge: A review. Adv Photon, 2019, 1: 1
Kim JH, Aghaeimeibodi S, Carolan J, et al. Hybrid integration methods for on-chip quantum photonics. Optica, 2020, 7: 291–308
An J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, et al. Perspectives of 2D materials for optoelectronic integration. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2110119
Bogaerts W, Pérez D, Capmany J, et al. Programmable photonic circuits. Nature, 2020, 586: 207–216
Chen M, Lu L, Yu H, et al. Integration of colloidal quantum dots with photonic structures for optoelectronic and optical devices. Adv Sci, 2021, 8: 2101560
Liu J, Qu J, Kirchartz T, et al. Optoelectronic devices based on the integration of halide perovskites with silicon-based materials. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9: 20919–20940
Ma S, Zhou K, Hu M, et al. Integrating efficient optical gain in high-mobility organic semiconductors for multifunctional optoelectronic applications. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1802454
Wang C, Dong H, Jiang L, et al. Organic semiconductor crystals. Chem Soc Rev, 2018, 47: 422–500
Ito S. Luminescent polymorphic crystals: Mechanoresponsive and multicolor-emissive properties. CrystEngComm, 2022, 24: 1112–1126
Shi Y, Wang X. 1D organic micro/nanostructures for photonics. Adv Funct Mater, 2020, 31: 2008149
Shi YL, Zhuo MP, Wang XD, et al. Two-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals for photonics applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2020, 3: 1080–1097
Zhuo MP, Wang XD, Liao LS. Construction and optoelectronic applications of organic core/shell micro/nanostructures. Mater Horiz, 2020, 7: 3161–3175
Yu Y, Tao YC, Zou SN, et al. Organic heterostructures composed of one- and two-dimensional polymorphs for photonic applications. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 1477–1482
Zhuo MP, Wu JJ, Wang XD, et al. Hierarchical self-assembly of organic heterostructure nanowires. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 3839
Wang K, Zhang W, Gao Z, et al. Stimulated emission-controlled photonic transistor on a single organic triblock nanowire. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 13147–13150
Li ZZ, Tao YC, Wang XD, et al. Organic nanophotonics: Self-assembled single-crystalline homo-/heterostructures for optical waveguides. ACS Photonics, 2018, 5: 3763–3771
Ma YX, Wei GQ, Chen S, et al. Self-assembled organic homostructures with tunable optical waveguides fabricated via “cocrystal engineering”. Chem Commun, 2021, 57: 11803–11806
Cao J, Liu H, Zhang H. An optical waveguiding organic crystal with phase-dependent elasticity and thermoplasticity over wide temperature ranges. CCS Chem, 2021, 3: 2569–2575
Bao Q, Goh BM, Yan B, et al. Polarized emission and optical waveguide in crystalline perylene diimide microwires. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 3661–3666
Liu Y, Hu H, Xu L, et al. Orientation-controlled 2D anisotropic and isotropic photon transport in co-crystal polymorph microplates. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 4456–4463
Dong H, Zhang C, Shu FJ, et al. Superkinetic growth of oval organic semiconductor microcrystals for chaotic lasing. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2100484
Chen S, Yin H, Wu JJ, et al. Organic halogen-bonded co-crystals for optoelectronic applications. Sci China Mater, 2020, 63: 1613–1630
Han S, Zhang W, Qiu B, et al. Controlled assembly of organic composite microdisk/microwire heterostructures for output coupling of dual-color lasers. Adv Opt Mater, 2018, 6: 1701077
Lv Q, Wang XD, Yu Y, et al. Lattice-mismatch-free growth of organic heterostructure nanowires from cocrystals to alloys. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 3099
Zhuo MP, Su Y, Qu YK, et al. Hierarchical self-assembly of organic core/multi-shell microwires for trichromatic white-light sources. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2102719
Tan C, Chen J, Wu XJ, et al. Epitaxial growth of hybrid nanostructures. Nat Rev Mater, 2018, 3: 17089
Chen S, Wang X, Zhuo M, et al. Single-crystal organic heterostructure for single-mode unidirectional whispering-gallery-mode laser. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 10: 2101931
Su Y, Wu B, Chen S, et al. Organic branched heterostructures with optical interconnects for photonic barcodes. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202117857
Zhuo MP, He GP, Wang XD, et al. Organic superstructure microwires with hierarchical spatial organisation. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 2252
Zhu W, Sun Y, Liu J, et al. Exciton transport in molecular semi-conductor crystals for spin-optoelectronics paradigm. Chem Eur J, 2021, 27: 222–227
Catalano L, Berthaud J, Dushaq G, et al. Sequencing and welding of molecular single-crystal optical waveguides. Adv Funct Mater, 2020, 30: 2003443
Lu Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, et al. Optical waveguiding organic single crystals exhibiting physical and chemical bending features. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 4299–4303
Yao W, Yan Y, Xue L, et al. Controlling the structures and photonic properties of organic nanomaterials by molecular design. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 8713–8717
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21971185 and 52173177), the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (CIC-Nano), and the “111” Project of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Wang XD proposed and guided the overall project. Xu CF fabricated the organic micro-/nanostructures and performed the structural/optical characterization. Lv Q performed the optical testing of microrods. Xu CF, Yang WY, Wang XD, and Liao LS discussed the interpretation of the results and wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary information
Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.
Xue-Dong Wang is a full professor at the Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University. He received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Lanzhou University in 2011 and his PhD degree in physical chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), in 2016. His research focuses on the fine synthesis of organic micro/nanocrystals and organic photonics, including organic solid-state lasers and optical waveguides.
Liang-Sheng Liao received his PhD degree in physics from Nanjing University, China. After working at Eastman Kodak Company as a senior research scientist from 2000 to 2009, he joined FUNSOM, Soochow University, as a full professor. He has over 20 years of research experience in organic optoelectronics. His current research interests include the materials and architectures of organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
Supporting Information (SI)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, CF., Yang, WY., Lv, Q. et al. Directed self-assembly of organic crystals into chip-like heterostructures for signal processing. Sci. China Mater. 66, 733–739 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2210-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2210-9