Abstract
In this study, static coefficients of friction for laminated veneer lumber on steel surfaces were determined experimentally. The focus was on the frictional behaviors at different pressure levels, which were studied in combination with other influencing parameters: fiber orientation, moisture content, and surface roughness. Coefficients of friction were obtained as 0.10–0.30 for a smooth steel surface and as high as 0.80 for a rough steel surface. Pressure influenced the measured coefficients of friction, and lower normal pressures yielded higher coefficients. The influence of fiber angle was observed to be moderate, although clearly detectable, thereby resulting in a higher coefficient of friction when sliding perpendicular rather than parallel to the grain. Moist specimens contained higher coefficients of friction than oven-dry specimens. The results provide realistic values for practical applications, particularly for use as input parameters of numerical simulations where the role of friction is often wrongfully considered.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- F h :
-
Horizontal force in the biaxial test set-up
- F v :
-
Vertical force in the biaxial test set-up
- α :
-
Angle between wood fiber direction and the applied pressure
- μ :
-
Coefficient of friction
- μ f :
-
Coefficient of static friction
- μ s :
-
Coefficient of sliding friction
References
Hirai T, Meng Q, Sawata K, Koizumi A, Sasaki Y, Uematsu T. Some aspects of frictional resistance in timber construction. In 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Asahikawa, Japan, 2008: 140–147.
Dorn M. Investigations on the serviceability limit state of dowel-type timber connections. Ph.D Thesis. TU Wien, 2012
Sjödin J, Serrano E, Enquist B. An experimental and numerical study of the effect of friction in single dowel joints. Holz Roh Werkst 66: 363–372 (2008)
Dorn M, de Borst K, Eberhardsteiner J. Experiments on dowel-type timber connections. Eng Struct 47: 67–80 (2012)
De Borst K, Jenkel C, Montero C, Colmars J, Gril J, Kaliske M, Eberhardsteiner J. Mechanical characterization of wood: An integrative approach ranging from nanoscale to structure. Comput Struct 127: 53–67 (2013)
Sandhaas C. Mechanical behaviour of timber joints with slotted-in steel plates. Ph.D Thesis. Technische Universiteit Delft, 2012
C. Sandhaas and J.W.G. van de Kuilen. Material model for wood. Heron, 58, 2013.
Ju S H, Rowlands R E. A three-dimensional frictional stress analysis of double-shear bolted wood joints. Wood Fiber Sci 33: 550–563 (2001)
Atack D, Tabor D. The friction of wood. Proc Roy Soc A 246: 539–555 (1958)
Klamecki B E. Friction mechanisms in wood cutting. Wood Sci Technol 10: 209–214 (1976)
Murase Y. Friction of wood sliding on various materials. J Fac Agric Kyushu Univ 28: 147–160 (1984)
Möhler K, Herröder W. The range of the coefficient of friction of spruce wood rough from sawing. Holz Roh Werkst 37: 27–32 (1979)
Möhler K, Maier G. Der Reibbeiwert bei Fichtenholz im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit reibschlüssiger Holzverbindungen. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 27: 303–307 (1969)
McKenzie W M. Friction coefficient as a guide to optimum rake angle in wood machining. Wood Sci Technol 25: 397–401 (1991)
Bejo L, Lang E M, Fodor T. Friction coefficients of wood-based structural composites. Forest Prod J 50: 39–43 (2000)
Kuwamura H. Coefficient of friction between wood and steel under heavy contact — Study on steel-framed timber structures Part 9. J Struct Eng 76: 1469–1478 (2011)
Seki M, Sugimoto H, Miki T, Kanayama K, Furuta Y. Wood friction characteristics during exposure to high pressure: Influence of wood/metal tool surface finishing conditions. J Wood Sci 59(1): 10–16 (2012)
Seki M, Nakatani T, Sugimoto H, Miki T, Kanayama K, Furuta Y. Effect of anisotropy of wood on friction characteristics under high pressure conditions. (in Japan). Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science 61: 335–340 (2012)
ASTM G 115. Standard guide for measuring and reporting friction coefficients. ASTM, 2013.
Hankinson R L. Investigation of crushing strength of spruce at varying angles of grain, Air Service Information Circular No. 259, 1921
Ezzat F H, Hasouna A T, Ali W. Friction coefficient of rough indoor flooring materials. JKAU: Eng Sci 19: 53–70 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Michael DORN. He received his Ph.D. in civil engineering from Vienna University of Technology in 2012. He joined Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, in 2012 as a postdoc and later research assistant, since 2016 he is Associate Professor at Linnaeus University. His research interests include timber engineering in general, with composite structures, connections and structural health monitoring in particular. He works both with experimental and numerical methods.
Karolína HABROVÁ. She completed a M.Sc. degree in structural engineering at Linnaeus University, Sweden in 2014. She also received her master’s degree in process engineering in 2016 from Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague. She has recently obtained her Ph.D. in material engineering at Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague. Her research areas cover material degradation, polymers, and composite materials.
Radek KOUBEK. He received his bachelor’s degree and later master’s degree in process engineering in 2013 and 2016, respectively, from the Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague. In between, he completed a M.Sc. degree in structurale Engineering at Linnaeus University, Sweden, in 2014. He is currently working as a consultant within air-conditioning in the UK.
Erik SERRANO. He received his Ph.D. in structural mechanics in 2001. During 2007–2014, he was professor of timber engineering at Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, and since 2015 he is professor of structural mechanics at Lund University, Sweden. Fracture mechanics has been an important basis in his research work and topics covered include the mechanical behavior of wood, engineered wood products like glued laminated timber and cross laminated timber and mechanical and adhesive joints for wood-based applications. Professor Serrano is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA).
Rights and permissions
Open Access : The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Dorn, M., Habrová, K., Koubek, R. et al. Determination of coefficients of friction for laminated veneer lumber on steel under high pressure loads. Friction 9, 367–379 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0377-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0377-0