Abstract
Synthesizing of alumino-borosilicate glasses in the SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3 system using the sol–gel method was considered. Transparent and dense glasses were obtained by various heat treatment programs applied on the dried gels. The process of converting the gel to glass involves complex transformations including both structural and chemical changes. Consequently, investigating the sintering behavior of these synthesized powder holds significant academic merit. In order to achieve this objective, the density of monolithic glass was assessed subsequent to sintering at various temperatures. Besides, the sintering activation energy of glasses in both isothermal and non-isothermal circumstances was estimated. The relative density values for various sintered glass compositions were between 96.5- 99.6%. The sintering activation energy under isothermal condition for glasses exhibited an increase with increasing of aluminum oxide amounts from 237 up to 314 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the results showed that crystallization of the sample can increase its sintering activation energy up to 414 kJ/mol. Under non-isothermal condition and for different heating rate for the samples, the sintering activation energy values for glass which had the lowest content of Al2O3 was the same. However, in the composition with the highest content of ZnO, its linear shrinkage increment indicated a significant decrease in its sintering activation energy despite the crystallization of the mullite phase within the glass.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Data Availability
The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
References
Cable M, Parker JM (1992) Blackie. Chapman and Hall, Glasgow, New York
Brinker CJ and Scherer GW (1990) Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing academic press INC. NewYork
Chua KJ, Chou SK, Ho JC, Hawlader MNA (2002) Heat pump drying: Recent developments and future trends. Drying Technol 20(8):1579–1610
Scherer GW, Brinker CJ, Roth EP (1985) Sol→ gel→ glass: III. Viscous sintering. J Non-Cryst Solids 72(2):369–389
Chua KJ, Mujumdar AS, Chou SK (2003) Intermittent drying of bioproducts––an overview. Biores Technol 90(3):285–295
Brinker CJ, Roth EP, Scherer GW, Tallant DR (1985) Structural evolution during the gel to glass conversion. J Non-Cryst Solids 71(1):171–185
Zarzycki J (1997) Past and Present of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. J SolGel Sci Technol 8:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026480424495
Brinker CJ, Haaland DM (1983) Oxynitride glass formation from gels. J Am Ceram Soc 66(11):758–765
Li HP, Wang J, Stevens R (1993) The effects of hydroxide gel drying on the characteristics of co-precipitated zirconia-hafnia powders. J Mater Sci 28(2):553–560
Marshall WR (1953) Drying. Ind Eng Chem 45(1):47–54
Shih C, Pan Z, McHugh T, Wood D, Hirschberg E (2008) Sequential infrared radiation and freeze-drying method for producing crispy strawberries. Trans ASAE (Am Soc Agric Eng) 51(1):205
Ahmadi S, EftekhariYekta B, Sarpoolaky H, Aghaei A (2022) Preparation of Monolithic Transparent Mullite- Based Glass-Ceramics by the Sol- Gel Method. J Non-Cryst Solids 575:121186
Ahmadi S, Eftekhari Yekta B, Sarpoolaky H, Aghaei A (2021) Physical and structural characteristics of gel-derived glasses prepared via different drying procedures. IJMSE 18(4):1–9
EftekhariYekta B, Marghussian VK (1999) Sintering of β.q.ss. and gahnite glass-ceramic/silicon carbide composites. J Eur Ceram Soc 19(16):2969–2973
Brinker EPRCJ, Scherer GW (1985) Sol-Gel-Glass:physical and structural evolution during constant heating rate experiments. J Non-Cryst Solids 72:345–368
Jean J-H, Gupta TK (1992) Isothermal and nonisothermal sintering kinetics of glass-filled ceramics. J Mater Res 7(12):3342–3347
Karamanov A, Dzhantov B, Paganelli M, Sighinolfi D (2013) Glass transition temperature and activation energy of sintering by optical dilatometry. Thermochim Acta 553:1–7
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Sara Ahmadi: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing-Original draft preparation. Bijan Eftekhari Yekta: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing-review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmadi, S., Yekta, B.E. Investigation of Sintering Behavior of Sol Gel Derived SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3 Glasses. Silicon 16, 3233–3241 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-024-02883-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-024-02883-3