Abstract
Purpose
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar Si application associated with inoculation of seeds and nitrogen management on the physiological quality and grain yield of common beans.
Methods
The experiment was laid out in randomized blocks with a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design (four replicates on common bean cultivar Pérola). The first factor was foliar Si application at the concentrations: 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g L-1 of silicon. The second factor was the effect of the presence or absence of seed inoculation, while the third factor was the splitting of nitrogen topdressing (120 kg N ha-1). Parameters evaluated were relative chlorophyll index (RCI), foliar N and Si contents, gas exchanges, grain yield, and economic viability.
Results
Split fertilization of 60 + 60 kg N ha-1 at 20 and 40 days after emergence (DAE) showed better results of grain yield, approximately 41 % higher than splitting of 80 + 40 kg N ha-1 at 20 and 40 DAE, regardless of fertilization containing Si. Foliar Si application increased grain yield in the order of 10 % (uninoculated seeds) and 25 % (inoculated seeds), regardless of splitting of nitrogen fertilization, using the highest Si concentration (4.0 g L-1). Regardless of seed inoculation, the splitting of 60 + 60 kg N ha-1, associated with the application of 3.0 g Si L-1, resulted in the maximum grain yield, approximately 20 % higher than the control.
Conclusion
Application of 2.0 g Si L-1 promoted differential profits of up to US$ 236.72 regardless of seed inoculation and splitting of N fertilization.
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Data Availability
Data is available upon request to the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the funding provided by the Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES) and National Council for Science and Technology (CNPq). AFA and AMB would like to thank CAPES for the funds provided from the SD (National Program of Social Demand). RAF would like to thank CNPq for the PQ funds process number 306329/2019-0.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Council for Science and Technology (CNPq) under the PQ funds process number 306329/2019–0 granted to RAF. AFA and AMB was hired using the Doctoral grant from the SD (National Program of Social Demand) provided by Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES).
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AMB, RAF, EPBF, AFA, FRSL led the data analysis and led the writing with input of all co-authors. RAF, EPBF, KOA, MM and RMP designed the experiment and provided overall project leadership. AMB, AFA and FRSL grew the plants, applied the treatments and collected data. AMB, AFA, FRSL and JPSJ was responsible for the lab analysis. KOA conducted the economic analysis of data. AMB, RAF, EPBF, AFA, FRSL, JPS, KOA, MM and RMP carried out the final review of the article.
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Bueno, A.M., Flores, R.A., de Brito Ferreira, E.P. et al. Effects of Foliar Silicon Application, Seed Inoculation and Splitting of N Fertilization on Yield, Physiological Quality, and Economic Viability of the Common Bean. Silicon 14, 4169–4181 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01208-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01208-y