Abstract
Electrical energy is normally generated through different sources such as hydroelectric, wind, heat, nuclear transformation, chemical reactions or vibrations. Nowadays, harvesting power from mechanical vibration is one of the novel technologies that usually can be done by systems based on electromagnetic, electrostatic, piezoelectric and combination of them. Piezoelectric systems can convert motion from the vibrating structures into electrical power. Cellulose Electro-active paper (EAPap) has been recognized as a novel smart piezoelectric material that can be used for energy harvesting purposes. One of the most prevalent method for vibration energy harvesting is using unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beams. In this paper, an analytical solution based on distributed parameter model is presented to calculate the generated energy from vibration of cantilever substrate that is partially covered by EAPap material. In the studied structure, piezoelectric layer thickness in comparison to the length of the beam and thickness of substrate material can be considered very thin. Thus its effect on the vibration behavior of structure is negligible. The results are validated by experimental values. The analytical data was found to be very close to experimental results and finite element simulation values. Findings from this study provide guidelines on system parameters that can be manipulated for more efficient performance in different ambient source conditions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Sang, C. M., Dayou, J., and Liew, W. Y., “Increasing the Output from Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using Width-Split Method with Verification,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.,, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 2149–2155, 2013.
Erturk, A. and Inman, D.J., “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting,” John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
Priya, S. and Inman, D. J., “Energy Harvesting Technologies,” Springer, 2009.
Abas, Z., Kim, H. S., Zhai, L., Kim, J., and Kim, J. H., “Possibility of Cellulose-Based Electro-Active Paper Energy Scavenging Transducer,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 7458–7462, 2014.
Abas, Z., Kim, H. S., Zhai, L., and Kim, J., “Experimental Study of Vibrational Energy Harvesting Using Electro-Active Paper,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1187–1193, 2015.
Abas, Z., Kim, H. S., Zhai, L., Kim, J., and Kim, J.-H., “Electrode Effects of a Cellulose-Based Electro-Active Paper Energy Harvester,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 23, No. 7, Paper No. 074003, 2014.
Kim, J., “Improvement of Piezoelectricity in Piezoelectric Paper Made with Cellulose,” DTIC Document, Report No. AOARD-084035, 2009.
Kim, J., Yun, S., and Ounaies, Z., “Discovery of Cellulose as a Smart Material,” Macromolecules, Vol. 39, No. 12, pp. 4202–4206, 2006.
Hosseini, R. and Hamedi, M., “Improvements in Energy Harvesting Capabilities by Using Different Shapes of Piezoelectric Bimorphs,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 25, No. 12, Paper No. 125008, 2015.
Hosseini, R. and Hamedi, M., “An Investigation into Width Reduction Effect on the Output of Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvester Using FEM,” Proc. of 5th Conference on Emerging Trends in Energy Conservation, 2016.
Muthalif, A. G. and Nordin, N. D., “Optimal Piezoelectric Beam Shape for Single and Broadband Vibration Energy Harvesting: Modeling, Simulation and Experimental Results,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vols. 54-55, pp. 417–426, 2015.
Erturk, A. and Inman, D. J., “A Distributed Parameter Electromechanical Model for Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters,” Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 130, No. 4, Paper No. 041002, 2008.
Erturk, A. and Inman, D. J., “On Mechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 19, No. 11, pp. 1311–1325, 2008.
Hosseini, R. and Hamedi, M., “Study of the Resonant Frequency of Unimorph Triangular V-Shaped Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvester,” International Journal of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 75–82, 2015.
Hosseini, R., and Hamedi, M., “An Investigation into Resonant Frequency of Trapezoidal V-Shaped Cantilever Piezoelectric Energy Harvester,” Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 1127–1134, 2016.
Hosseini, R. and Hamedi, M., “An Investigation into Resonant Frequency of Triangular V-Shaped Cantilever Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester,” Journal of Solid Mechanics Vol, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 560–567, 2016.
Rao, S. S., “Vibration of Continuous Systems,” John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
Hoseini, R. and Salehipoor, H., “Optimum Design Process of Vibration Absorber via Imperialist Competitive Algorithm,” International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 3, Paper No. 1250019, 2012.
Hosseini, R., Firoozbakhsh, K., and Naseri, H., “Optimal Design of a Vibration Absorber for Tremor Control of Arm in Parkinson's Disease,” Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (JCARME), Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 85–94, 2014.
Meirovitch, L., “Analytical Methods in Vibrations,” Macmillan New York, 1967.
Rao, S. S., “Mechanical Vibrations,” Addison-Wesley, 1995.
Kim, J., Yun, S., and Lee, S.-K., “Cellulose Smart Material: Possibility and Challenges,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 417–422, 2008.
Yun, G.-Y., Kim, J., Kim, J.-H., and Kim, S.-Y., “Fabrication and Testing of Cellulose EAPap Actuators for Haptic Application,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 164, No. 1, pp. 68–73, 2010.
Kim, J.-H., Kang, K., Yun, S., Yang, S., Lee, M.-H., Kim, J.-H., and Kim, J., “Cellulose Electroactive Paper (EAPap): The Potential for a Novel Electronic Material,” MRS Proceedings, Vol. 1129, Paper No. 1129-V1105-1102, 2008.
Erturk, A. and Inman, D. J., “An Experimentally Validated Bimorph Cantilever Model for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Base Excitations,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 18, No. 2, Paper No. 025009, 2009.
Kong, N., Ha, D. S., Erturk, A., and Inman, D. J., “Resistive Impedance Matching Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 13, pp. 1293–1302, 2010.
Dayou, J., Kim, J., Im, J., Zhai, L., How, A. T. C., and Liew, W. Y., “The Effects of Width Reduction on the Damping of a Cantilever Beam and Its Application in Increasing the Harvesting Power of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 4, Paper No. 045006, 2015.
Sang, C. M., Dayou, J., and Liew, W. Y., “Increasing the Output from Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using Width-Split Method with Verification,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 2149–2155, 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hosseini, R., Hamedi, M., Im, J. et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of partially covered piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 18, 415–424 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-017-0050-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-017-0050-3