Abstract
Recently, active mounting systems have been applied to automotive engine mounts to effectively mitigate structure-borne vibrations throughout the vehicle chassis. Active mounting systems have been investigated extensively to alleviate the vibration and noise of automobiles; however, the actual engine mounting orientation is not considered, and only an extremely small range of specific vibration and noise control is examined. This paper presents the modeling, analysis, and control of a source structure with an active mounting system while considering the location and direction of actual automotive engine mounts. Two active mounts comprising a piezoelectric stack actuator arranged in series with an elastomeric mount are applied to mitigate both vertical and horizontal vibrations by setting a variable parameter via the dynamic relation of the source structure. When harmonic excitation forces are employed, the secondary force required by each active mount can be calculated mathematically, and a control signal is applied to reduce vibrations through destructive interference with the input signal. Simulation results show that the excitation vibration can be reduced using this bidirectional active mount. Hence, noise vibration harshness is expected to be improved by controlling the vibration of the actual automotive engine structure and the secondary force of actuators.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- m :
-
Mass
- I :
-
Inertia
- l :
-
Distance
- k :
-
Stiffness
- ε :
-
Displacement
- ξ :
-
Displacement at each actuator part
- θ :
-
Rotational displacement
- w :
-
Shaker force
- f :
-
Actuator force
- μ :
-
Step size (mu)
- a :
-
Output signal at each actuator path
- M :
-
Mass matrix
- C :
-
Damping matrix
- K :
-
Stiffness matrix
- W :
-
Shaker force vector
- F :
-
Actuator force vector
- q :
-
Displacement vector
- c :
-
Damping coefficient
- φ :
-
Phase
- ω :
-
Frequency
- C :
-
Dynamic stiffness matrix
- H :
-
Compliance matrix
- θ :
-
Amplitude
- β :
-
Phase
- 1 :
-
Upper structure (source)
- 2 :
-
Lower structure (receiver)
- aci :
-
Actuator
- sti :
-
Stack actuator
- f :
-
Flank
- x :
-
X-direction
- y :
-
Y-direction
- z :
-
Z-direction
- gi :
-
Actuator position
- ⋆ :
-
Complex number
References
Y. Yu, N. G. Naganathan and R. B. Dukkipati, A literature review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 36(1) (2001) 123–142.
M. Hosseini, S. Arzanpour, F. Golnaraghi and A. M. Parameswaran, Solenoid actuator design and modeling with application in engine vibration isolators, Journal of Vibration and Control, 19(7) (2012) 1015–1023.
R. Kraus, S. Herold, J. Millitzer and T. Jungblut, Development of active engine mounts based on piezo actuators, ATZ Peer Review, 116 (2014) 50–55.
H. D. Chae and S. B. Choi, A new vibration isolation bed stage with magnetorheological dampers for ambulance vehicles, Smart Materials and Structures, 24 (2015) 0964–1726.
T. J. Yang, Z. J. Suai, Y. Sun, M. G. Zhu, Y. H. Xiao, X. G. Liu, J. T. Du, G. Y. Jin and Z. G. Liu, Active vibration isolation system for a diesel engine, Noise Control Engr. J., 60(3) (2012) 267–282.
J. Jeon, Y. M. Han, D. Y. Lee and S. B. Choi, Vibration control of the engine body of a vehicle utilizing the magnetorheological roll mount and the piezostack right-hand mount, Proc. Inst. of Mech. Eng. Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 227(11) (2013) 1–16.
J. Jiang, W. Gao, L. Wang, Z. Teng and Y. Liu, Active vibration control based on modal controller considering structure actuator interaction, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32(8) (2018) 3515–3521.
V. Fakhari, S. B. Choi and C. H. Cho, A new robust adaptive controller for vibration control of active engine mount subjected to large uncertainties, Smart Materials and Structures, 24(4) (2015) 045044.
M. Elahinia, C. Ciocanel, M. Nguten and S. Wang, MR and ER based semiactive engine mounts, Smart Materials Research, 21 (2013) 831017.
W. Wu, X. Chen and Y. Shan, Analysis and experiment of a vibration isolator using a novel magnetic spring with negative stiffness, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 333 (2014) 2958–2970.
T. Q. Truong and K. K. Ahn, A new type of semi-active hydraulic engine mount using controllable area of inertia track, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329 (2010) 247–260.
T. Kamada, T. Fujita, T. Hatayama, T. Arikabe, N. Murai, S. Aizawa and K. Tohyama, Active vibration control of frame structures with smart structures using piezoelectric actuators (vibration control by control of bending moments of columns, Smart Materials and Structures, 6 (1997) 448–456.
T. Loukil, O. Bareille, M. N. Ichchou and M. Haddar, A low power consumption control scheme: application to a piezostack-based active mount, Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, 8 (2013) 383–389.
L. Sui and X. X. G. Shi, Piezoelectric actuator design and application on active vibration control, Physics Procedia, 25 (2012) 1388–1396.
S. B. Choi and Y. T. Choi, Sliding mode control of a shear-mode type ER engine mount, KSME International Journal, 13 (1999) 26–33.
C. Sarkar, H. Hirani and A. Sasane, Magnetorheological smart automotive engine mount, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 5(1) (2015) 419–428.
Y. Chang, J. Zhou, K. Wang and D. Xu, A quasi-zero-stiffness dynamic vibration absorber, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 494 (2020) 115859.
J. Liette, J. T. Dreyer and R. Singh, Interaction between two Paths for source mass motion control over mid-frequency range, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 333 (2014) 2369–2385.
D. Hong and B. Kim, Modeling and analysis of active mounting system for a plate-type structure, Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. A, 41(10) (2017) 915–921.
D. Hong and B. Kim, Vibration reduction for modulated excitation using lumped parameter modeling and multi-channel NLMS algorithm for a structure with three active paths between plates, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33(10) (2019) 4673–4680.
D. Hong and B. Kim, Quantification of active structural path for vibration reduction control of plate structure under sinusoidal excitation, Applied Sciences, 9(4) (2019) 711.
Y. Qiu, D. Hong and B. Kim, Optimal placement criteria of hybrid mounting system for chassis in future mobility based on beam-type continuous smart structures, Scientific Reports, 13 (2023) 2317.
F. Hausberg, C. Scheiblegger, P. Pfeffer, M. Plöchl, S. Hecker and M. Rupp, Experimental and analytical study of secondary path variations in active engine mounts, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 340 (2015) 22–38.
R. Kraus, S. Herold, J. Millitzer and T. Jungblut, Development of active engine mounts based on piezo actuators, ATZ Worldwide, 116 (2014) 46–51.
T. Bartel, S. Herold, D. Mayer and T. Melz, Development and testing of active vibration control systems with piezoelectric actuators, 6th ECCOMAS Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Torino, Italy (2013) 24–26.
H. Li and R. M. Goodall, Linear and non-linear skyhook damping control laws for active railway suspensions, Control Engineering Practice, 7(7) (1999) 843–850.
K. Singal and R. Rajamani, Zero-energy active suspension system for automobiles with adaptive sky-hook damping, J. Vib. Acoust., 135(1) (2013) 011011.
J. Emura, S. Kakizaki, F. Yamaoka and M. Nakamura, Development of the semi-active suspension system based on the sky-hook damper theory, SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars, 103(6) (1994) 1110–1119.
Y. Chai, F. Li, Z. Song and C. Zhang, Analysis and active control of nonlinear vibration of composite lattice sandwich plates, Nonlinear Dynamics, 102 (2020) 2179–2203.
B. Kim, G. N. Washington and R. Singh, Control of incommensurate sinusoids using enhanced adaptive filtering algorithm based on sliding mode approach, Journal of Vibration and Control, 19(8) (2013) 1265–1280.
B. Kim, G. N. Washington and R. Singh, Control of modulated vibration using an enhanced adaptive filtering algorithm based on model-based approach, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 331(18) (2012) 4101–4114.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2022R1 F1A1076089) and also supported by the 2022 Yeungnam University Research Grant (222A380002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dongwoo Hong received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea. He is currently a Senior Researcher at the Daegu Mechatronics & Materials Institute. His research interests are smart structures, vibration control, and deep learning, especially in automotive NVH applications.
Hojoon Moon received his M.S. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea. He is currently a full-time researcher at the Research Institute of Mechanical Technology at the Yeungnam University. His research interests are smart structures and vibration control for automotive mounting systems.
Byeongil Kim received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Ohio State University, USA. He is currently an Associate Professor at Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea. His research interests are active noise and vibration control, adaptive structures and NVH control based on deep learning in automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hong, D., Moon, H. & Kim, B. Bidirectional active vibration control of two-dimensional structure inspired by automotive engine mounting system. J Mech Sci Technol 38, 2231–2246 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-024-0406-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-024-0406-4