Abstract
This paper addresses a challenging approach to calibrating visible Raman spectroscopy data when investigating laminar methane-air tubular flames, which struggles against low signal levels, signal interferences, etc. The literature study considers only the crosstalks between the CO2 and O2 vibrational Raman lines. This study will expand the coverage of the crosstalks from H2 rotational Raman lines onto CO2, O2, N2, and H2O by employing four more off-diagonal elements in a calibration matrix. The matrix elements are determined using proper calibration flames and calculated compositions in their post-flame zone. The polynomials represent the calibrated temperature dependence of the non-zero matrix elements. Temperature-dependent response curves of each calibration element of this study and the literature study are then compared. It also found that most of the matrix elements in this study, when normalized by their values at room temperature, behaved very closely to those previously reported by another researcher group.
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Abbreviations
- c :
-
Speed of light
- E :
-
Laser pulse energy
- f :
-
Attenuation factor
- h :
-
Plank’s constant
- i,j :
-
Indices
- k :
-
Boltzmann’s constant
- K :
-
Calibration coefficient matrix
- L :
-
Spatial resolution along laser beam
- N :
-
Total number density
- Q :
-
Quantum efficiency of a CCD camera
- S :
-
Raman scattering signal
- T :
-
Temperature
- X :
-
Species mole fraction
- η :
-
Efficiency of a detection system
- κ :
-
Stretch rate
- λ :
-
Wavelength
- σ :
-
Vibrational Raman cross section
- Γ :
-
Factor that accounts for distribution of the molecules
- Ω :
-
Collection solid angle
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the International Collaborative Research Program of Hanbat National University, which granted financial resources from the Ministry of Education, the Republic of Korea in 2022. The author is grateful to Prof. Robert W. Pitz at Vanderbilt University for providing his invaluable experimental data and fruitful discussions.
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Dong Jin Cha is a Building and Plant Engineering Professor at Hanbat National University in Daejeon, Korea and an Adjoint Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN, USA. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA. His research interests include combustion instability in gas turbines for power generation and fluid flows in building and plant engineering.
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Cha, D.J. Calibration of Raman spectroscopy signals for measurements of methane-air tubular flames. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 3295–3302 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-2208-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-2208-5