Abstract
Reactive extraction development was investigated to extract vanadium ions from sulfate solution in the modified rotating disc column (MRDC). It was found from batch experiments that D2EHPA and TBP concentrations, initial aqueous phase pH, and the concentration of NH4OH as a stripping agent were optimized equal to 0.3 M, 0.36 M, 2, and 1 M, respectively. In the continuous experiments, the effects of rotor speed, aqueous and organic phase flow rates, and mass transfer direction were investigated on the dispersed phase holdup, mass transfer coefficients, and vanadium extraction. The experiment design was based on the response surface design to analyze the dependence of responses with the input parameters. The uncertainty analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the rotor speed, reaction conditions, and phase flow rates affected the dispersed phase holdup. By applying the axial dispersion model, the performance of mass transfer coefficients in terms of agitation speed, aqueous phase flow rate, organic phase flow rate, and mass transfer direction was evaluated under the chemical reaction system. A new model by considering the dimensionless numbers has been provided to predict overall mass transfer data based on the dispersed phase.
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Abbreviations
- AARE:
-
average absolute relative error [-]
- a:
-
interfacial area [m2/m3]
- Bn :
-
nth coefficient in Eqs. (1)–(4) [-]
- d32 :
-
sauter mean diameter [m]
- di :
-
drop diameter [m]
- de :
-
equivalent diameter [m]
- Dc :
-
column diameter [m]
- Deff :
-
effective diffusivity [m2/s]
- DR :
-
disc diameter [m]
- Ds :
-
stator ring diameter [m]
- Eö:
-
Eötvös number [-]
- E:
-
axial mixing coefficient [m2/s]
- E%:
-
extraction efficiency [-]
- e:
-
fractional free cross-sectional area [-]
- g:
-
acceleration due to gravity [m/s2]
- hc :
-
compartment height [m]
- K:
-
overall mass transfer coefficient [m/s]
- m:
-
distribution ratio [-]
- N:
-
rotor speed [rps]
- N ox :
-
number of ‘true’ transfer unit [-]
- NDP:
-
number of data points [-]
- Pe:
-
Peclet number [-]
- R:
-
enhancement factor for mass transfer [-]
- RMSE:
-
root mean square error [-]
- Re:
-
Reynolds number [-]
- Sc:
-
Schmidt number [-]
- S%:
-
stripping efficiency [-]
- S.E.F:
-
synergistic enhancement factor [-]
- t:
-
time [s]
- V:
-
superficial velocity [m/s]
- Vt :
-
terminal velocity [m/s]
- Vs :
-
slip velocity [m/s]
- \({\overline {\rm{V}} _c}\) :
-
continuous phase true velocity [m/s]
- ∀:
-
volume of the extraction region [m3]
- x:
-
vanadium mass fraction in continuous phase [-]
- x*:
-
equilibrium mass fraction [-]
- y:
-
vanadium mass fraction in dispersed phase [-]
- ρ c :
-
density of aqueous phase
- ρ d :
-
density of solvent phase
- ρ d :
-
viscosity of solvent phase
- μ c :
-
viscosity of aqueous phase
- φ :
-
dispersed phase holdup
- τ :
-
interfacial tension
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Shakib, B., Asadollahzadeh, M., Outokesh, M. et al. Reactive extraction evaluation for vanadium (V) removal in the MRDC column using axial dispersion and central composition approach. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 3399–3411 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1239-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1239-4