Abstract
Polymer gel has been established as a water shut-off control agent for improved oil recovery. The role of the polymer gel in conformance control is to divert injected water from high permeability to low permeability zones of the reservoir. This paper presents a series of core flooding tests performed to investigate the propagation, blocking capability, permeability reduction and diverting performance of various mixtures of polymer gels at simulated reservoir condition. In this particular study, a core flooding scheme with crossflow effect using composite core has permeability contrast. Core flooding test with crossflow effect simulates reservoirs with communication between reservoir permeability layers. Experimental results show that PAM/PEI polymer gel reinforced with solid silica NP has been proven to provide satisfactory gel strength to divert water flow, thus recovering an additional 24% of oil. This reinforced PAM/PEI polymer gel tends to recover more trapped oil compared to weakened PAM/PEI polymer gel without solid particles. These results give better understanding and provide additional knowledge of strengthening gel by addition of solid particles, which could be the remedy for the weakened polymer gel.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y. Liang, Y. Ning, L. Liao and B. Yuan, in Formation damage during improved oil recovery, Elsevier (2018).
L. Nabzar, in Panorama 2011: Water in fuel production-Oil production and refining, Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP), France (2011).
J. Parshall, S. Whitfield and T. Jacobs, J. Pet. Technol., 69(5), 22 (2017).
J. Zheng, B. Chen, W. Thanyamanta, K. Hawboldt, B. Zhang and B. Liu, Mar: Pollut. Bull., 104(1-2), 7 (2016).
R. D. Sydansk and L. Romero-Zern, in Reservoir conformance improvement. society of petroleum engineers, Richardson, Texas (2011).
D. Borling, K. Chan, T. Hughes and R. Sydansk, Oilfield Rev., 6(2), 44 (1994).
R. S. Seright, SPE Prod Facil, 10(4), 241 (1995).
R. S. Seright and R. Lee, SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference (1998).
R. D. Sydansk and R. S. Seright, SPE Prod Oper, 22(2), 236 (2007).
A. H. Kabir, SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference (2001).
A. Prada, F. Civan and E. D. Dalrymple, SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium (2000).
G. A. Al-Muntasheri, H. A. Nasr-El-Din, J. Peters and P. L. J. Zitha, SPE J., 11(4), 497 (2006).
Z. Amir, I. M. Said and B. M. Jan, Polym. Adv. Technol., 30(1), 13 (2019).
R. Seright, G. Zhang, O. Akanni and D. Wang, J. Can. Pet. Technol., 51(05), 393 (2012).
D. Wang and R. S. Seright, Pet. Sci., 18(04), 1097 (2021).
H. Zhao, P. Zhao, B. Bai, L. Xiao and L. Liu, J. Can. Pet. Technol., 45(05), 49 (2006).
M. H. Sharqawy, J. H. Lienhard and S. M. Zubair, Desalination Water Treat., 16(1–3), 354 (2010).
J. Wang, A. M. AlSofi and A. M. AlBoqmi, SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia (2016).
P. Kujawa, A. Audibert-Hayet, J. Selb and F. Candau, Macromolecules, 39(1), 384 (2006).
K. S. M. El-Karsani, G. A. Al-Muntasheri, A. S. Sultan and I. A. Hussein, SPE J., 20(5), 1103 (2015).
G. A. Al-Muntasheri, L. Sierra, F. O. Garzon, J. D. Lynn and G. A. Izquierdo, SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium (2010).
K. S. M. El-Karsani, G. A. Al-Muntasheri and I. A. Hussein, SPE J., 19(1), 135 (2014).
G. A. A-Muntasheri, L. Sierra and A. Bakhtyarov, U.S. Patent US20140224489A1 (2014).
J. Kherb, S. C. Flores and P. S. Cremer, J. Phys. Chem., 116(25), 7389 (2012).
Z. Amir, I. M. Saaid, B. M. Jan, M. Khalil, M. F. A. Patah and W.Z. W. Bakar, Polym. Bull., 77(10), 5469 (2020).
Y. Liu, C. Dai, K. Wang, C. Zou, M. Gao, Y. Fang, M. Zhao, Y. Wu and Q. You, Energy Fuels, 31(9), 9152 (2017).
C. O. Metin, K. M. Rankin and Q. P. Nguyen, Appl. Nanosci, 4(1), 93 (2014).
G. Zhao, C. Dai, A. Chen, Z. Yan and M. Zhao, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 135, 552 (2015).
Z. Amir, I. Mohd Saaid and B. Mohamed Jan, Int. J. Polym. Sci., Article ID 2510132 (2018).
Acknowledgement
The authors appreciate the contributions and financial supports from University of Malaya (IF062-2019), University of Malaya (FP050-2019A), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (YUTP 0153AAH05), Mr. Mohd Riduan Ahmad from Polygon Scientific Sdn. Bhd. and SLAI Fellowship Scheme from Ministry of Education Malaysia and University of Malaya.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amir, Z., Saaid, I.M., Jan, B.M. et al. PAM/PEI polymer gel for water control in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions: Core flooding with crossflow effect. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 605–615 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1006-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1006-y