Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis offers a sustainable route to convert plastic wastes into fuel. We investigated the catalytic performance of coal ash (fly and bottom ash) at blending ratio of 5 wt%, and 15 wt% during pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence on activation energy and oil was characterized via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results have shown that 15 wt% bottom ash exhibited higher catalytic activity. The activation energy estimated by Coats-Redfern method decreased from 458.7 kJ·mol−1 to 437.8 kJ·mol−1, while the alicyclic hydrocarbon yield increased from 5.97% to 32.09%. This implies that CaO, which is abundant in bottom ash, could promote the conversion of LLDPE. Furthermore, a cradle-to-factory gate life cycle assessment was performed to investigate three scenarios (non-catalytic pyrolysis, 15 wt% fly ash, and 15 wt% bottom ash) of LLDPE conversion strategies via a normalization and weighting approach. It was found that LLDPE pyrolysis with 15 wt% bottom ash also showed the lowest normalized score of 2.83, implying the lowest environmental impact. This work has demonstrated that the recycling of coal ash, particularly bottom ash, as catalysts for LLDPE pyrolysis is effective.
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Abbreviations
- DTG:
-
differential thermogravimetry
- HHV:
-
higher heating value
- LCA:
-
life cycle assessment
- LCI:
-
life cycle inventory
- LDPE:
-
low-density polyethylene
- LLDPE:
-
linear low-density polyethylene
- R2 :
-
correlation coefficients
- RB/A :
-
alkali and alkali earth metals oxides to acidic oxides ratio
- Tf :
-
final temperature
- TG:
-
thermogravimetry
- TGA:
-
thermogravimetric analyser
- Ti :
-
initial temperature
- Tmax :
-
maximum decomposition temperature
- XRF:
-
X-ray fluorescence
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully express gratitude to all parties who have contributed towards the success of this project, both financially and technically, especially the S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Programme (grant number 2018B10022) and the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation Programme (grant number 2018A610069) funded by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau, China, as well as the UNNC FoSE Faculty Inspiration Grant, China. The Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology is also acknowledged for this research under its Provincial Key Laboratory Programme (2020E10018).
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Lai, J., Meng, Y., Yan, Y. et al. Catalytic pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene using recycled coal ash: Kinetic study and environmental evaluation. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 2235–2246 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0870-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0870-9