Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have excellent properties, such as high mechanical strength and good thermal conductivity, making them interesting nanofiller for their application in powder coatings. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal behavior and the curing kinetics of epoxy powder coatings containing GNP. The coatings were obtained by mixing in a ball mill followed by homogenization in molten state. The GNP were dispersed directly into the epoxy powder. The morphology, thermal stability and curing kinetics of the samples were evaluated. During the curing process, the GNP accelerated the onset of the reaction but ultimately caused steric impediment. From the results, the GNP incorporated to the solid epoxy resin for coatings behaved differently in each stage of the curing process. In general, while the direct dispersion of GNP in powder epoxy by dry mixing methods was not ideal, the thermal properties were improved, with GNP inducing a poor curing state where diffusion phenomena are predominant.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
I. Zaman, T. T. Phan, H.-C. Kuan, Q. Meng, L. T. Bao La, L. Luong, O. Youssf and J. Ma, Polymer, 52, 1603 (2011).
International Organization for Standardization. ISO 80004-13: Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (2017).
J. K. Park and D. S. Kim, Polym. Eng. Sci., 54, 969 (2014).
B. Li and W.-H. Zhong, J. Mater. Sci., 46, 5595 (2011).
D. Liu, W. Zhao, S. Liu, Q. Cen and Q. Xue, Surf. Coat. Technol., 286, 354 (2016).
T. Kuila, S. Bose, A. K. Mishra, P. Khanra, N. H. Kim and J. H. Lee, Prog. Mater. Sci., 57, 1061 (2012).
M. Nonahal, H. Rastin, M. R. Saeb, M. G. Sari, M. H. Moghadam, P. Zarrintaj and B. Ramezanzadeh, Prog. Org. Coat., 114, 233 (2018).
L. C. Tang, Y. J. Wan, D. Yan, Y. B. Pei, L. Zhao, Y. B. Li, L. B. Wu, J. X. Jiang and G. Q. Lai, Carbon, 60, 16 (2013).
T. K. Das and S. Prusty, Polym-Plast. Technol., 52, 319 (2013).
G. Gorrasi, M. Sarno, A. Di Bartolomeo, D. Sannino, P. Ciambelli and V. Vittoria, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 45, 597 (2007).
M. Jouyandeh, S. M. R. Paran, A. Jannesari and M. R. Saeb, Prog. Org. Coat., 127, 429 (2019).
F. Ferdosian, M. Ebrahimi and A. Jannesari, Thermochim. Acta, 568, 67 (2013).
R. Hardis, J. L. P. Jessop, F. E. Peters and M. R. Kessler, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 49, 100 (2013).
S. Vyazovkin, K. Chrissafis, M. L. Di Lorenzo, N. Koga, M. Pijolat, B. Roduit, N. Sbirrazzuoli and J. J. Suñol, Thermochim. Acta, 590, 1 (2014).
M. Jouyandeh, E. Yarahmadi, K. Didehban, S. Ghiyasi, S. M. R. Paran, D. Puglia, J. A. Ali, A. Jannesari, M. R. Saeb, Z. Ranjbar and M. R. Ganjali, Prog. Org. Coat., 136, 105217 (2019).
Y. Wang, J. Yu, W. Dai, Y. Song, D. Wang, L. Zeng and N. Jiang, Polym. Compos., 36, 556 (2015).
Y. Wang, J. W. Shan and G. J. Weng, J. Appl. Phys., 118, 065101 (2015).
F. Wang, L. T. Drzal, Y. Qin and Z. Huang, High Perform. Polym., 28, 525 (2016).
S. Vyazovkin, A. K. Burnham and J. M. Criado, Thermochim. Acta, 520, 1 (2011).
L. D. Agnol, F. T. G. Dias, N. F. Nicoletti, D. Marinowic, S. Moura e Silva, A. Marcos-Fernandez, A. Falavigna and O. Bianchi, Biomater. Appl., 34(5), 673 (2019).
J. Opfermann, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 60(2), 641 (2000).
S. Kopsidas, G. B. Olowojoba, A. J. Kinloch and A. C. Taylor, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 104, 102723 (2021).
M. El Achaby, F. Z. Arrakhiz, S. Vaudreuil, E. M. Essassi, A. Qaiss and M. Bousmina, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 127, 4697 (2013).
M. Zhi and W. Huang, J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 31, 1155 (2016).
R. Mafi, S. M. Mirabedini, R. Naderi and M. M. Attar, Corros. Sci., 50, 3280 (2008).
U. Szeluga, S. Pusz, B. Kumanek, K. Olszowska, A. Kobyliukh and B. Trzebicka, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 46, 152 (2020).
M. R. Acocella, C. E. Corcione, A. Giuri, M. Maggio, A. Maffezzoli and Guerra, G, RSC Adv., 6(28), 23858 (2016).
A. Lavoratti, A. J. Zattera and S. C. Amico, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 135, 46724 (2018).
D. Romanzini, A. Frache, A. J. Zattera and S. C. J. Amico, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 87, 9 (2015).
A. Surnova, D. Balkaev, D. Musin, R. Amirov and A. M. Dimiev, Composites, Part B, 162, 685 (2019).
M. G. Prolongo, C. Salom, C. Arribas, M. Sánchez-Cabezudo, R. M. Masegosa and S. G. Prolongo, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 125(2), 629 (2016).
M. Nonahal, M. R. Saeb, S. H. Jafari, H. Rastin, H. A. Khonakdar, F. Najafi and F. Simon, Polym. Compos., 39, E2016 (2018).
V. C. Ferrari, M. F. Azevedo, L. H. David and V. L. Lourenço, Polímeros, 24(1), 123 (2014).
M. Erceg, I. Krešić, N. S. Vrandečić and M. Jakić, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 131(1), 325 (2018).
M. Naderi, M. Hoseinabadi, M. Najafi, S. Motahari and M. Shokri, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 135, 46201 (2018).
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Brazilian Agency Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) — (Finance Code 001) and the Conselho National de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil). The authors also thank Pulverit do Brasil for providing the components of coating formulation, University of Caxias do Sul and the Fundação de Amparo à pesquisa do Estado do RS (FAPERGS).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vanzetto, A.B., Agnol, L.D., Lavoratti, A. et al. Thermal properties and curing kinetics of epoxy powder coatings containing graphene nanoplatelets. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1946–1955 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0848-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0848-7