Abstract
With the intensity of resource scarcities and environmental problems, the disposal and recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries, especially recovery of valuable metals, becomes vital. In this work, a method of co-extracting nickel, cobalt, manganese and being separated from lithium by single-stage solvent extraction is proposed. The extraction and separation process of D2EHPA was studied. The effects of extractant concentration, saponification percentage, extraction time and O:A on the extraction efficiency of D2EHPA were systematically studied. Nearly 100% manganese, 94% cobalt and about 90% nickel were co-extracted and separated from lithium using D2EHPA in kerosene by single-stage extraction. The maximum value of separation factors (βNi/Li, βCo/Li and βMn/Li) was 13.03, 23.42 and 1904.24. The mathematical model of extraction of four ions was developed by combination of Levenberg-Marquardt method and Universal Global Optimization method. The proposed extraction model accurately fits the experimental data and helps to predict the extraction efficiency of each metal under the corresponding conditions.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
T. Zhang, Y. He, F. Wang, L. Ge, X. Zhu and H. Li, Waste Manag., 34(6), 1051 (2014).
Y. Wang, L. Zeng, G. Zhang, W. Guan, Z. Sun, D. Zhang and J. Qing, Hydrometallurgy, 185, 55 (2019).
Y. Yang, S. Lei, S. Song, W. Sun and L. Wang, Waste Manag., 102, 131 (2020).
Y. Yue, S. Wei, B. Yongjie, Z. Chenyang, S. Shaole and H. Yuehua, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 6(8), 10445 (2018).
Y. Fu, Y. He, J. Li, L. Qu, Y. Yang, X. Guo and W. Xie, J. Alloys Compd., 847, 156489 (2020).
E. Quijada-Maldonado, F. Olea, R. Sepúlveda, J. Castillo, R. Cabezas, G. Merlet and J. Romero, Sep. Purf. Technol., 251, 117289 (2020).
J. Stefaniak, S. Karwacka, M. Janiszewska, A. Dutta, E. R. Rene and M. Regel-Rosocka, Chemosphere, 254, 126869 (2020).
Y. Wang, H. Yang, G. Zhang, J. Kang and C. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. Adv., 3, 100023 (2020).
C. Liu, J. Lin, H. Cao, Y. Zhang and Z. Sun, J. Cleaner Production, 228, 801 (2019).
J. Wang, J. Lu, M. Zhang, M. Tang, Q. Lu, Y. Qin, Y. Lu and B. Yu, J. Hazard. Mater., 405, 124211 (2021).
L. Xu, C. Chen and M.-L. Fu, Hydrometallurgy, 197, 105439 (2020).
G. Zante, D. Trébouet and M. Boltoeva, Appl. Geochem., 123, 104783 (2020).
R. N. R. Sulaiman, N. F. M. Noah, N. Othman, N. Jusoh and M. B. Rosly, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 38(3), 514 (2021).
R. N. R. Sulaiman and N. Othman, J. Hazard. Mater., 340, 77 (2017).
Z. Li, X. Li, S. Raiguel and K. Binnemans, Sep. Purif. Technol., 201, 318 (2018).
L. Shuya, C. Yang, C. Xuefeng, S. Wei, W. Yaqing and Y. Yue, Sep. Purif. Technol., 250, 117258 (2020).
Q. Ye, G. Li, B. Deng, J. Luo, M. Rao, Z. Peng, Y. Zhang and T. Jiang, Sep. Purif. Technol., 209, 175 (2019).
Q. Sun, L. Yang, S. Huang, Z. Xu, Y. Li and W. Wang, Miner. Eng., 132, 284 (2019).
M. T. Coll, A. Fortuny, C. S. Kedari and A. M. Sastre, Hydrometallurgy, 125–126, 24 (2012).
R. Torkaman, M. Asadollahzadeh, M. Torab-Mostaedi and M. Ghanadi Maragheh, Sep. Purif Technol., 186, 318 (2017).
M. J. Jung, P. Venkateswaran and Y. S. Lee, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 14(1), 110 (2008).
J. Chen, Handbook of hydrometallurgy, Metallurgical industry Press, Beijing (2005).
S.-H. Joo, S. M. Shin, D. Shin, C. Oh and J.-P. Wang, Hydrometallurgy, 156, 136 (2015).
W. Chu, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, Y. Huang, H. Cui, M. Wang and J. Wang, J. Power Sources, 449, 227567 (2020).
Y. Yang, S. Xu and Y. He, Waste Manag., 64, 219 (2017).
S. Virolainen, M. Fallah Fini, A. Laitinen and T. Sainio, Sep. Purif. Technol., 179, 274 (2017).
T. Liu, J. Chen, H. Li and K. Li, Sep. Purif. Technol., 245, 116869 (2020).
L. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Cui, J. Gao, Y. Guo and F. Cheng, Sep. Purif. Technol., 251, 117371 (2020).
A. J. M. Santanilla, P. Aliprandini, J. Benvenuti, J. A. S. Tenorio and D. C. R. Espinosa, Miner. Eng., 160, 106691 (2021).
D. Shi, B. Cui, L. Li, M. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. Peng, L. Zhang, F. Song and L. Ji, Desalination, 479, 114306 (2020).
H. Wang, Y. Feng, H. Li, H. Li and H. Wu, Hydrometallurgy, 195, 105404 (2020).
H.-F. Li, L.-J. Li and W. Li, Chem. Phys. Lett., 754, 137675 (2020).
Acknowledgement
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Supporting Information
Additional information as noted in the text. This information is available via the Internet at http://www.springer.com/chemistry/journal/11814.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Fu, Q., Qin, H. et al. Separation of valuable metals from mixed cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries by single-stage extraction. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 2113–2121 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0834-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0834-0