Abstract
Nano/micro silicon particles were achieved by high energy ball milling of silicon mesh powder as a cheap and scalable process and used to make porous silicon by acid etching. Subsequent dispersing of porous silicon with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide followed by filtration and heat treatment gives the composite of unified structures of NCNT@rGO protected porous silicon. The obtained composite was studied as an anode material for Li-ion batteries, and it delivered a high reversible capacity of 862/861 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 with 91% of capacity retention. Along with superior rate capability, the prepared composite exhibited 578 and 451 mAh g−1 discharge capacity at 1,000 and 2,000 mA g−1 after a long 300 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the composite electrode can be accredited to the highly conductive and tough matrix of NCNT@rGO blend structures, and porosity in silicon effectively controls the silicon expansion and accommodates the required buffer volume during lithiation/de-lithiation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M. N. Obrovac, L. Christensen, D. B. Le and J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A849 (2007).
L. Baggetto, R. A. H. Niessen and P. H. L. Notten, Electrochim. Acta, 54, 5937 (2009).
M. Ashuri, Q. He and L. L. Shaw, Nanoscale, 8, 74 (2016).
X. Zuo, J. Zhu, P. M. Buschbaum and Y. J. Cheng, Nano Energy, 31, 113 (2017).
Y. Sun, N. Liu and Y. Cui, Nat. Energy, 1, 16071 (2016).
U. Kasavajjula, C. Wang and A. J. Appleby, J. Power Sources, 163, 1003 (2007).
R. Teki, M. K. Datta, R. Krishnan, T. C. Parker, T. M. Lu, P. N. Kumta and N. Koratkar, Small, 5, 2236 (2009).
H. Wu and Y. Cui, Nano Today, 7, 414 (2012).
M. H. Park, M. G. Kim, J. Joo, K. Kim, J. Kim, S. Ahn, Y. Cui and J. Cho, Nano Lett., 9, 3844 (2009).
Q. Chen, R. Zhu, S. Liu, D. Wu, H. Fu, J. Zhu and H. He, J. Mater. Chem. A., 6, 6356 (2018).
V. Nulu, W. S. Kim and K. Y. Sohn, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36, 1536 (2019).
P. Gao, X. Huang, Y. Zhao, X. Hu, D. Cen, G. Gao, Z. Bao, Y. Mei, Z. Di and G. Wu, ACS Nano, 12, 11481 (2018).
A. Nulu, V. Nulu and K. Y. Sohn, Sci. Adv. Mater., 12, 337 (2020).
V. Nulu, W. S. Kim and T. Yu, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33, 1500 (2016).
R. Patil, M. Phadatare, N. Blomquist, J. Örtegren, M. Hummelgård, J. Meshram, D. Dubal and H. Olin, ACS Omega, 6, 10, 6600 (2021).
M. Su, S. Liu, H. Wan, A. Dou, K. Liu and Y. Liu, Ionics, 25, 2103 (2019).
V. A. Nguyen and C. Kuss, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 065501 (2020).
Z. Xu, J. Yang, H. Li, Y. Nuli and J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 9432 (2019).
A. Nulu, V. Nulu and K. Y. Sohn, ChemElectroChem., 7, 4055 (2020).
M. Ashuri, Q. He, Y. Liu, K. Zhang, S. Emani, M. S. Sawicki, J. S. Shamie and L. L. Shaw, Electrochim. Acta, 215, 126 (2016).
L. Y. Yang, H. Z. Li, J. Liu, Z. Q. Sun, S. S. Tang and M. Lei, Sci. Rep., 5, 10908 (2015).
D. L. Schulz, J. Hoey, J. Smith, A. Elangovan, X. Wu, I. Akhatov, S. Payne, J. Moore, P. Boudjouk, L. Pederson, J. Xiao and J. G. Zhang, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 13, A143 (2010).
M.-H. Park, M.G. Kim, J. Joo, K. Kim, J. Kim, S. Ahn, Y. Cui and J. Cho, Nano Lett., 9, 3844 (2009).
C. K. Chan, H. Peng and G. Liu, Nat. Nanotechnol., 3, 35 (2008).
M. D. Fleischauer, J. Li and M. J. Brett, J. Electrochem. Soc., 156, A33 (2009).
J. Xie, L. Tong, L. Su, Y. Xu, L. Wang and Y. Wang, J. Power Sources, 342, 529 (2017).
Y. Park, N.-S. Choi, S. Park, S. H. Woo, S. Sim, B. Y. Jang, S. M. Oh, S. Park, J. Cho and K. T. Lee, Adv. Energy Mater., 3, 206 (2013).
M. Yoshio, T. Tsumura and N. Dimov, J. Power Sources, 146, 14 (2005).
M. Jana and R. N. Singh, Materialia, 6, 100314 (2019).
M. Ashuri, Q. He, Y. Liu, S. Emani and L. L. Shaw, Electrochim. Acta, 258, 274 (2017).
V. Nulu and W. S. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 1918 (2015).
A. Nulu, V. Nulu and K. Y. Sohn, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 37, 1795 (2020).
W. Wang, R. Epur and P. N. Kumta, Electrochem. Commun., 13, 429 (2011).
K. S. Park, K. M. Min, S. D. Seo, G. H. Lee, H. W. Shim and D. W. Kim, Mater. Res. Bull., 48, 1732 (2013).
L. Xiao, Y. H. Sehlleier, S. Dobrowolny, F. Mahlendorf, A. Heinzel, C. Schulz and H. Wiggers, Mater. Today: Proceedings, 4, S263 (2017).
A. Gohier, B. Laïk, K. H. Kim, J. L. Maurice, J. P. P. Ramos, C. S. Cojocaru and P. T. Van, Adv. Mater., 24, 19 (2012).
L. F. Cui, L. Hu, J. W. Choi and Y. Cui, ACS Nano, 4, 3671 (2010).
X. He, W. Zhao, D. Li, P. Cai, Q. Zhuang and Z. Ju. New J. Chem., 43, 18220 (2019).
Y. Gao, X. Qiu, X. Wang, X. Chen, A. Gu and Z. Yu, Nanotechnology, 31, 155702 (2020).
Y. Ouyang, X. Zhu, F. Li, F. Lai, Y. Wu, Y.-E Miao and T. Liu, Appl. Surf. Sci., 475, 211 (2019).
X. Su, Q. L. Wu, J. C. Li, X. C. Xiao, A. Lott, W. Q. Lu, B. W. Sheldon and J. Wu, Adv. Energy Mater., 4, 1300882 (2014).
R. Epur, M. Ramanathan, M. K. Datta, D. H. Hong, P. H. Jampani, B. Gattu and P. N. Kumta, Nanoscale, 7, 3504 (2015).
X. J. Feng, J. Yang, Y. T. Bie, J. L. Wang, Y. N. Nuli and W. Lu, Nanoscale, 6, 12532 (2014).
R. Tarcan, O. T. Boer, I. Petrovai, C. Leordean, S. Astilean and I. Botiz, J. Mater. Chem. C., 8, 1198 (2020).
C. Botas, D. Carriazo, W. Zhang, T. Rojo and G. Singh, Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 28800 (2016).
J. G. Ren, C. Wang, Q. H. Wu, X. Liu, Y. Yang, L. He and W. Zhang, Nanoscale, 6, 3353 (2014).
L. Xiao, Y. H. Sehlleier, S. Dobrowolny, H. Orthner, F. Mahlendorf, A. Heinzel, C. Schulz and H. Wiggers, ChemElectroChem., 2, 1983 (2015).
R. Cong, J. Y. Choi, J. B. Song, M. Jo, H. Lee and C. S. Lee, Sci. Rep., 11, 1283 (2021).
C. Weidenthaler, Nanoscale, 3, 792 (2011).
S. M. Paek, E. Yoo and I. Honma, Nano Lett., 9, 72 (2009).
G. Fang, X. Deng, J. Zou and X. Zeng, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 14, 1580 (2019).
G. Fang, X. Deng, J. Zou and X. Zeng, Electrochim. Acta, 295, 498 (2019).
F. Zhang, G. Zhu, K. Wang, X. Qian, Y. Zhao, W. Luo and J. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A., 7, 17426 (2019).
L. Xue, G. Xu, Y. Li, S. Li, K. Fu, Q. Shi and X. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 21 (2013).
W. Choi, H. C. Shin, J. M. Kim, J. Y. Choi and W. S. Yoon, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 11, 1 (2020).
D. J. Xu, Y. X. Yao, G. Wegner, X. Fang, C. H. Chen and I. Lieberwirth, Solid State Ion., 180, 222 (2009).
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by grants (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07044026 and NRF-2015R1D1A1A01059983) from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is funded by the Ministry of Education.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nulu, A., Nulu, V., Moon, J.S. et al. Unified NCNT@rGO bounded porous silicon composite as an anode material for Lithium-ion batteries. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1923–1933 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0813-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0813-5